PNWSUG 1996 Papers - Index

24 papers. Source: PNWSUG (Pacific Northwest SAS Users Group) conference proceedings.

go 1997

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Pages
1	A Little SAS Magic: A Lineplot and Vbar in One Easy Step	Inez P. Petersen	This workshop is a potpourri of SAS programming intended to spark your imagination about ways to do your own coding. The graph itself uses symbol statements to create multiple lineplots, as well as to produce what appears to be vertical bars. The "journey" which leads ultimately to this end product will expose you to a variety of SAS procedures and SAS statements, and it is this journey which I hope you will find informational. It goes without saying that the source data is ficticious, as is the reference to "group" and "company total."	macro variable, proc step, if-then-else, proc gplot, dataset, macro loop, macro conditional, macro definition	11
2	Age Calculation and When Does the Sun Rise and Fall Code	William Kreuter	This macro returns an integer representing an age (or similar interval) calculated according to common usage - i.e., incremented exactly on a person's birthday (or other anniversary), and always correct in all leap years and non-leap years.	title statement, macro call	3
3	An Object-Oriented Approach to Modeling Enterprise Processes as Directed Graphs Using SCL Lists and SAS v.6.11 Widgets	James R. Cowles	In order for an enterprise to remain viable in an increasingly competitive world market, an uncompromising commitment to quality is necessary, irrespective of the nature of the product. Perhaps more so than at any time in the past, the very survival of a business depends on its ability to achieve in practice the kind of quality that its management preaches in theory: quality that is achieved repeatedly, reliably, and quantifiably. But as American business, especially the manufacturing sector, has discovered in recent years, this goal of consistent and repeatable quality in any product cannot be achieved through traditional methods of end-item inspection. For by the time a manufacturing problem has been detected through end-item inspection, the mistake has already been made and quality has already been compromised. Instead of quality control methods that attempt to inspect quality into an already finished end-item, consistent and repeatable quality can only be achieved through intimate and quantifiable knowledge of the manufacturing process itself that allows the enterprise to build quality into the end item as far "upstream" as possible in the manufacturing process. This detailed knowledge of the manufacturing process presupposes the ability for an enterprise to model these processes in such a way that relevant information about each process is captured, and that is easily adaptable to the changing demands of the business and technological environments. This paper outlines a general method of using SCL lists to model business processes and of representing these processes graphically using widget classes available with SAS v6.11.	txt, proc step	16
4	Bridging the Gap: Using ODBC to Grab Data Stored in a SAS Data Warehouse	Reesa L. Laws, Mary Longacre Newgard	The Center for Health Research (CHR) in Portland, Oregon, serves as a coordinating center for the DASH study, a four-site trial that compares the effects of three dietary patterns in persons with high normal diastolic blood pressure. This study involves substantial data collection and transmission from each site to the CHR. This paper describes our use of Open Data Base Connectivity (ODBC), one of the new features in SAS version 6.10, to manage DASH data and other project activities. We use SAS as a data warehouse because of its efficiency in manipulating and summarizing data, data storage, and data analysis. As a coordinating center, we produce monthly standardized reports to send to the respective clinical sites. We use Microsoft Access as a reporting tool because of its ease in producing reports with multiple fonts, shading, and boxes. Because Microsoft Access is an ODBC compliant application, it can use data stored in SAS with the new SAS ODBC driver	dataset, data warehouse	5
5	ClinAccess: An Integrated Client/Server Approach to Clinical Data Management and Regulatory Approval	Martin J. Rosenberg	Motivated by the desire to better manage an ever increasing volume of information and to reduce the· length of time required to introduce new drugs around the world, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have sought to facilitate the drug development and approval processes through innovative uses of computer technology. One such effort that has received great attention is the computer assisted NDA or CANDA and its cousin for biologicals the computer assisted PLA or CAPLA. The first CANDA's were created with much effort, and at great expense, after the paper NDA's had been filed. From these early experiments, it became evident that if CANDA's were to ever become routinely used throughout the industry by both large and small companies, their development would need to be simplified and to begin earlier in the drug development process	clinical trial, clinical data, crf, data review, data governance, clinical data management, audit trail, clinical research, pharmaceutical industry, key, data cleaning	9
6	Computing and Presenting Adjusted Rates for Health Utilization Research	William Kreuter	Health services researchers frequently find it useful to compute rates of incidence of diseases or treatments and to compare these rates across time, geographic location, category of disease or treatment, or other factors of interest. Rates are usually "standardized" for age, sex and possibly other factors, in order to help avoid spurious inferences due to population anomalies or dissimilarities between subject populations. Standardization is accomplished by "direct adjustment" and "indirect adjustment". For many applications, the SAS data language and `PROC` tools do not provide a straightforward method for computation of direct or indirect rates. This paper illustrates some of these situations and the author's approaches to their solution. Results are given both as plain-text output (`PROC TABULATE` and `PROC PRINT`), and also as graphics produced by `PROC GPLOT` and `PROC GMAP`. To help avoid spurious inferences due to small population sizes, standard errors of indirect rates are also computed and presented.	proc step, confidence interval, proc tabulate, proc means, proc freq, proc sql, proc calis, regression analysis	17
7	Creating Composite Wafer Maps for the Semiconductor Industry	Michael K. Nash, Robert Barrantes	by Michael K. Nash and Robert Barrantes Fujitsu Microelectronics Inc. This paper describes a useful way to construct composite wafer maps using the `PROC GMAP` procedure and the ANNOTATE facility within `SAS/GRAPH`. Fujitsu Microelectronics in Gresham, Oregon produces DRAM memory chips, each chip (die) is built on a silicon wafer. Each wafer contains several hundred die, and each production lot usually contains 50 wafers. A wafer map is a graphical representation of a silicon wafer and all the die contained on that wafer .. We will provide detailed instructions on how to create a sample choropleth wafer map with 30 die per wafer and how to annotate statistical information on to the map. We have also included an example of a full sized composite wafer map with 260 die per wafer to be used as an example of what can be achieved with our SAS program	proc step, proc gmap, dataset, sample, cards, proc format	14
8	Creating Proc Format Code From Format Catalogs	Peter Dueber	There are times when the code which generated a SAS format catalog is lost, is accidentally written over (with inadequate or no backup) or was simply never supplied along with the catalog file. It is not obvious how one could find out all the possible ranges and their labels or to modify a format hidden within the catalog file. Here is a VERY simple macro to RECREATE THE EFFECTIVE `PROC FORMAT` CODE which originally generated the formats directly from the format catalog.	proc format, proc step	2
9	Data Warehousing with the SAS/Warehouse Administrator	Tony Fisher	Few topics have taken hold of the computer industry the way that data warehousing has over the past few years. The SAS System has long been used to provide data warehouse functionality. The SAS System provided this functionality even be/ore the term data warehouse was coined. This paper will cover: D why has data warehousing become such an important issue D an explanation of data warehouse architecture and how existing tools in the SAS System may be employed in the design and implementation of that architecture. D a description of the SASlWarehouse Administrator. a new tool from SAS Institute that will facilitate faster and easier data warehouse implementations. This paper presentation is primarily a demonstration of the SASIWarehouse Administrator. Data warehousing consists of a series of data refinements and reformats in an effort to move data from a operational design to a design that more closely reflects decision support applications and a business model	data warehouse, proc step, dimension table, star schema, dataset, data cleaning	5
10	FSREPORT - The Graphical PROC REPORT	Gail Amato	The FSREPORT interactive window was created to allow graphical support of online report creation and viewing. It is currently available under the windowing platforms. It was designed from the character based REPORT window (Interactive `PROC REPORT`).	dataset, proc report	11
11	Getting a FRAME Entry Application Built in a Research Environment	Charlotte Corelle	The author tells the story of a menu-driven system built at the Center for Health Research to let researchers use information in the automated pharmacy database of a large health maintenance organization	data dictionary, conditional do loop	8
12	Health Care Applications of Statistical Process Control: Examples Using the SAS System	Robert N. Rodriguez	Health care applications present a new frontier for statis tical process control (SPC) methods. Interest in SPC is driven by a desire to improve patient outcomes in the face of capitation, cost reduction, competition, and changing health care industry standards. This paper illustrates the use of SAS software to analyze health care data with u charts, p charts, control charts for individual measurements, analysis of means for rates and proportions, simultaneous confidence intervals for proportions, and basic forecasting	macro definition, significance level	16
13	Introduction to SAS/ACCESS Software	Gail Amato	`SAS/ACCESS` software is a powerful tool in today's relational processing environments. Many companies around the world use SAS software as their tool of choice to extract information from an existing relational database. SAS Institute has created many versions of the `SAS/ACCESS` product to fluently communicate with popular database management systems found in these companies. This presentation discusses the use of `SAS/ACCESS` as a fundamental tool with today's relational databases. It is intended for users new to `SAS/ACCESS` software.		2
14	Multi-dimensional Data Model Extensions to Data Warehouses	Richard Roach	OLAP as an enabling technology will mean different things to different audiences. Beginning with an IT audience, OLAP offers yet another way to deliver on the mission of providing end-user analysts access to relevant business information, in a timely fashion. It has the additional attraction of offering that access organized in ways that business end-users understand...by the dimensions of the business, rather than by tables of information. Relevant to IT reviewers will be the relative costs of storage, (i.e. will this take more disk space for new ways of storing data..and how much), network traffic (i.e. will user queries require large amounts of data to be passed across the network, or will some work be done on server), its integration with current or planned data warehouse strategies and architectures, performance (i.e. time to build multidimensional models) and finally maintenance (i.e. update facilities, backup). In addition, an element of performance could be guaranteeing integrity during on-line updating.	fact table, data warehouse, proc sql, dataset	8
15	Net Impact for Program Evaluation Modeling and SAS Programming	Boqing Wang	This paper discusses alternative methods for estimating the benefits of social programs with an application to Demand Side Management (DSM) in the utility industry. A vital issue in estimating program net impact is self-selection bias. Selection bias results from estimation on a subsample of individuals who have essentially selected themselves for estimation through their decision to participate in a particular program. Several techniques have been developed to correct for this bias, most notably a two stage technique attributed to Heckman (1976). In the Heckman approach, a correction term is calculated from estimates in the first stage and used as a regressor in the second. While successful at correcting bias in the parameters, this approach has several shortcomings when compared to a Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) approach. FIML estimation yields more efficient and robust parameter estimates relative to a two-stage method. In addition, a computer algorithm has been developed in SAS-Interactive Matrix Language (`IML`) by the author to perform FIML estimation on either a two or three equation system under logistic distribution assumptions. The remainder of this paper details major two-stage and Wang's FIML approaches and shows that the FIML estimation is superior in evaluating DSM program net impact. The SAS programs are attached in the appendix.	proc reg, likelihood function, sample, residual, regression analysis, binary variable, logistic distribution, maximum likelihood estimation	18
16	OLE: The SAS System for Windows Enters the Bull Ring	Robin E. Way	Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) is a major component of inter-application collaboration on the Microsoft Windows family of platforms. The OLE framework is used to integrate various types of information (such as text, graphics, sound, and video) by representing each piece of information as "objects." The SAS System for Windows (version 6.11, Wave 2) now supports three types of OLE functionality: containers (to assemble objects from other applications), automation (to control the properties and actions of other applications), controls (to make 3rd party application development tools available to other applications). This paper clarifies the usefulness of these OLE functions, provides some practical examples of how OLE can be used today with the SAS System and other business software, and demonstrates how progress in OLE-related applications development will make the future boundaries between the SAS System and other applications a little more transparent.		16
17	Providing Extended Help in FSEDIT Sessions	Paul D. Hamilton	When entering data directly into the SAS System via the `FSEDIT` procedure in `SAS/FSP`, what type of information is expected in a particular variable may not be clear. `PROC FSEDIT` does provide a field help function (press F1 while the cursor is on a field), but this does not always provide sufficient information. For example, the system may respond that the name of the field is GENDER, the field is character, and has a format of $GENFMT. However, only the application developer will know if the data expected is Male/Female, M/F, or how missing values should be entered. This paper presents a method of providing enhanced help which simplifies data entry.	character variable, numeric variable	3
18	Receiving and Distributing Data Nationality: A SAS Solution to HEDIS Reporting	Sue Freimuth, Christopher Yindra	HEDIS (Healthplan Employer Data and Information Set) is a reporting standard designed to evaluate an HM:O's performance using uniform measures. When a large healthcare insurer tackled the assignment of developing a reporting system to comply with the new HEDIS standard, the SAS system was chosen as the devolpment tool for its ability to read many data types on a variety of media, efficiently encode measurement algorithms according to HEDIS specifications, and transport data across PC and mainframe platforms and applications. This paper will describe how this process was developed, beginning with batch programs running on the mainframe against sequential files, and evolving into a flexible adhoc reporting system running under a PC-based GUI interface, accessing data from local and host data stores, and distributing it via e-mail. In addition to base SAS software the following products were used: SASIFSP, SAS/ AF (including its FRAME component), `SAS/CONNECT`, and SAS/ ACCESS for	insurance claims, dataset, flat file, data cleaning	6
19	Reports Based on SAS Output: Takinf Advantage of PROC PRINTTO, DATA STEPS and PROC GPRINT	Lauren E. Haworth	The SAS System is a powerful tool for data manipulation and analysis, but it often produces far more output than you want to read or report. Instead of scanning through a lengthy log printout looking for error and warning messages, or hand copying a few dozen figures into a table from a hundred-page output printout, let SAS do the work. This paper introduces a variety of time-saving techniques for producing concise summary reports. The key is using the PRINITO procedure to direct procedure output to log and print files. These files are then available to the `DATA STEP` for further refinement or analysis of the results. For example, by using a `DATA STEP` to review the SAS log, you can create self-monitoring production jobs that print error reports when warranted. By using a `DATA STEP` to review a lengthy output file, key results can be selected to report in summary tables or to use in advanced statistical computations	proc step, sample, proc printto, sas output, error message, proc glm, sas log, standard deviation, proc genmod, correlation	6
20	The SQL Query Window	Gail Amato	The SQL Query Window allows you to perform queries based on the standardized SQL language (Structured Query Language) without having any prior experience with SQL. To enter the SQL Query Window from `SAS/ASSIST`, make the following selections: Select Data Management from the Primary Menu. Select Query from the Data Management Menu. Choose the SQL Query option.	group by, order by, proc sql, inner join, end= option	12
21	The Star Schema Trek: "Where No One Has Gone Before"	Paul OldenKamp	Presentation	fact table, star schema	10
22	Turning onto a Two-Way Street: A Tutorial on The SAS System and ODBC	Peter J. Lund	ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a Microsoft standard which provides a common interface through which compliant applications can exchange data. Beginning with version 6.10, the SAS System has allowed access to ODBC-compliant databases, such as Microsoft Access, Paradox, Oracle and `EXCEL`, through the `SAS/ACCESS` Interface to ODBC module. An exciting addition was introduced in SAS 6.11 for Windows, the SAS ODBC driver. For the first time ODBC-compliant applications can directly access SAS datasets. The combination of the `SAS/ACCESS` to ODBC module and the SAS ODBC driver allows the SAS System to continue to be a powerful part of an integrated data management solution. The goal of this tutorial is to be conceptual and practical. To demonstrate how to make ODBC work with SAS, rather than the details of how ODBC works. It is like Driver's Ed. and Auto Mechanics. Both very useful, but just as one can learn to drive without ever looking under the hood, one can begin to use ODBC without understanding all the nuts and bolts of how it works.	dataset, proc sql, proc step	7
23	Using SAS View to Enhance Software Quality, Improve Data Security and Reduce Data Replication	Adam Hendricks	Sometimes it seems that the strengths of the SAS language are also its weaknesses. It allows for many ways to accomplish the same task. It allows for a wide range of technical skill levels. Its datasets are unique OS files that are relatively easy to access and manage. Strengths: SAS is popular with analysts for the following reasons and more: It does not require one to spend too much time studying programming or database design. Compared to other languages, SAS requires less dependence on professional programmers to get tasks completed. It has a wide selection of reliable statistical and reporting procedures that are fairly easy to use. SAS is popular with programmers for the following reasons and more: It is a very powerful data manipulation and analysis tool. It is easier to deal with than third generation languages such as COBOL, Pascal, FORTRAN, or C. It is a cheaper and easier way to establish a high performance database than most RDBMS software. It is possible to develop useful applications very rapidly. It has an `SQL` procedure. Weaknesses: SAS is too flexible. It is very difficult to establish coding standards in a language that offers up so many different ways to get the same task accomplished (for example frequency counts, mean calculation, or extracting subsets of data). If many of the SAS scripts used at a single site contain data setup routines meant to perform the same task but written by different users, then it can be difficult to ensure consistent data setup across all scripts at the site. It is difficult to establish standard SAS scripts in busy work environments because anyone who can run a standard script can copy it into their home directory, alter it and then pass it on to another user.	proc sql, create view, raw data, proc step, sample, data step, dataset, view, order by, group by, stored macro, by group processing, adam dataset, create table, left join, proc freq, select, cdisc	27
24	When and How th PROC TABULATE Can Be Used	Minghui Yang	For many SAS users and programmers, `PROC TABULATE` might be one among the most difficult procedures in the Base SAS. `PROC TABULATE` can be a very useful tool for report writing and data analysis if used correctly. Instead of spending numerous time developing customer reports, `PROC TABULATE` can write many reports as good as customer ones. This article is trying to present when `PROC TABULATE` can be used and how to use it more efficiently.	proc tabulate, proc step, class variable, sas base, raw data, sample, proc freq	10

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