WUSS 1995 Papers - Index

58 papers. Source: WUSS (Western Users of SAS Software) conference proceedings.

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Extras	Pages
1	A Look at Broadway Theatre Using the SAS System	James D. Ryan	One of the perplexing problems facing the aspiring actor is a chance to work in his/her craft. A cursory examination of the opportunities to act on the Broadway stage reveals that there has been an almost linear decline in the number of stage productions on Broadway, from a high of 300 in 1927 to 18 in 1992. In order to understand and quantify this decline, this paper uses the SAS System to paint a statistical picture of the Broadway stage, using data from 1901 until today.	proc step, proc reg	source	5
2	A Modern Version of Klein's Macroeconometric Type Model	Kamal Shoukry	Simultaneous equations models have been extensively used in econometrics model building. Klein's model is a classic macroeconometric model discussed in many textbooks including `SAS/ETS`. It has eight endogenous variables, three behavioral equations, and five identities. The data set used covered the period from 1920 to 1941. It is evident that the American economy has undergone, since 1941 until now (1995), several structural changes and developments.	output delivery system, sample	source	5
3	A Technique for Using the SQL Pass-Thru Facility with Very Large Datasets	Erika Y. Liu	The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how to use the SQL pass·thru facility with large datasets in RdbNMS tables running through VAX machine. The paper will also briefly describe data management and coding techniques for improving efficiency. At Health Net, most of datasets include more than one million observation and are stored in RdbNMS tables. Many of our application involve selecting a certain number of records to display from a large dataset. We are interested in ways to reduce processing time. In the applications, I got improved performance with the SQL pass thru efficient facility.	proc sql, proc step	source	2
4	Accessing Restructured CRSP Data Using SAS PROC DATASOURCE: A Downsizing Experience	Peter C. C. Luan	Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) data is one of the important research data banks for many universities and financial institutions. It is characterized by its complex hierarchical data structure, and its size. This paper first shares some considerations and dilemmas of downsizing this frequently used databank from an IDMIMVS to a UNIX environment. A design of a new CRSP file structure is proposed and implemented. The rest of the paper demonstrates that the new file structure allows direct access of CRSP data by CUSIPs from FORTRAN programs or SAS	proc step, macro variable, macro definition	source	3
5	Administering and Using SAS/CONNECT and SAS/ACCESS	Joe Terdiman, Steven A. Wilson	Cooperative processing is the running of applications that utilize resources on more than one CPU. With the SAS System increasingly available on multiple platforms in a computing environment, this type of processing Is becoming more common. This paper examines the impact of cooperative processing, as weD as the resulting need to access various non-SAS data structures, from two perspectives. First. there will be an examination of `SAS/CONNECT` and `SAS/ACCESS` software from a system administrator's perspective. This part of the paper will focus on getting these SAS System products implemented and established In an environment consisting of an MVS mainframe, a UNIX workstation, and PC workstations running DOS and \Mndows in a Novell Local Area Network. This will include a	proc step, dataset, proc sql, sas library, proc copy, catalog, sql pass-through, filename statement, proc upload, sas log, create table, macro variable, options statement, variable, view, sample	source	10
6	An Alternative Method of Transposing Data without the TRANSPOSE Procedure	Sunil Kumar Gupta	While the `PROC TRANSPOSE` procedure may be flexible enough to generate a variety of report formats, it may not be appropriate if the user requests a custom report. In addition, for some cases, it may not be possible to successfully apply the `TRANSPOSE` procedure to obtain the desired output A technique is presented that will provide the user with more control on the number and order of the columns generated, enable new columns to be created, and allow for transposing of several variables from different data files. The features of the two methods are compared and discussed.	proc transpose, class variable, proc step	source	3
7	An Introduction to ARCH/GARCH Modeling Using the AUTOREG Procedure	Donna E. Woodward	Many economic and financial time series exhibit a phenomenon known as heteroscedasticity, in which the variance of the series changes over time. The changes in variability are often based on recent past shocks, which cause large(small) flucmations to cluster together. The recognition that this phenomenon could be used to more accurately define the forecast error variance led to the	proc autoreg	source	10
8	An Introduction to PROC ARIMA Using Macroeconomic Time Series	Joseph E. Earley	When discussing business forecasting with practitioners, I am astonished at how little they know in general about forecasting. On the one hand, I am not surprised, given that a large number of practitioners have had no formal training in business forecasting. In fact, experience suggests that they all have no idea what Box-Jenkins and/or multiple regression is. However, on the other hand, a large majority of practitioners have at least three to five years of experience with one-dimensional black-box forecasting models that are driven by simple regression.	proc arima, proc step, time series analysis, moving average, proc calis, sample	source	14
9	Applying the SAS System in Undergraduate Managerial Economics: A General Approach	Seid M. Zekavat	Undergraduate managerial economics is designed to present those aspects of economic analysis which are most relevant to students of business administration. It provides a comprehensive application of economic theory and methodology to managerial decision making with emphasis on the concept of optimization. This concept refers to 'the process of balancing benefits against the costs and doing the best within the limits of what is possible' (Michael Parkin, Microeconomics, 1994).	proc step, response variable, regression analysis, predictor variable, correlation, stepwise selection	source	5
10	Automated Project Documentation, Making the SAS System Document Its Own Processes	Sy J. Truong	Documenting a SAS program Is not always a pleasant task but it is essential to the success of software project management. This paper will present a tool and an	macro facility, data step, proc step, macro definition, proc sort	source	5
11	ClinAccess: An Integrated Client/Server Approach to Clinical Data Management and Regulatory Approval	Martin J. Rosenberg	Motivated by the desire to better manage an ever increasing volume of information and to reduce the length of time required to introduce new drugs around the world, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have sought to facilitate the drug development and approval processes through innovative uses of computer technology. One such effort that has received great attention is the computer assisted NDA or CANDA and its cousin for biologicals the computer assisted PLA or CAPLA. The first CANDA's were created with much effort, and at great expense, after the paper NDA's had been filed. From these early experiments, it became evident that if CANDA's were to ever become routinely used throughout the industry by both large and small companies, their development would need to be simplified and to begin earlier in the drug development process.	clinical data, clinical trial, crf, data review, data governance, pharmaceutical industry, audit trail, clinical research, key, dataset, data cleaning	source	9
12	Creating a Custom Data Dictionary	Don Carver	A custom data dictionary can be easily created from a dataset created by `PROC CONTENTS`. This paper describes a simple macro which lists a custom directory and dataset data dictionary. The macro allows for selective listing of the directory and the data dictionary and allows for selective listing of datasets within the library.	data dictionary, proc step, proc contents	source	2
13	Datalog: Motorola's Advanced Semiconductor Fab Data Collection and Control System Using SAS/AF & SAS/SCL	Jim Gutt, Fred Berneche	Collection of dala in a Slate-of-the-art Integrated Circuit manufacturing area is a large and Important task. Data are collected from more than sixty (60) different operations, and may be used for statistical process control (SPC), correlation with product yields, process improvements and debugging of process anomalies which arise from time 10 time. Ills imperative that the dala collection be handled in a cost-effective, real-time manner which allows quick and easy _ dala analysis. Datal.og is an application using S/IS/AF and SASISCL products, written by Motorala, Inc., which meets these requirements. It is currently employed in nine (9) d'lfferent semiconductor tabs at Motorola sites in AriZona, Texas and Japan. Dalal.og performs collection of dala with immed'llilte SPC and ava.Dability for on-line analysis. In addition, paper logs are eliminated from the clean-room facDities.	catalog entry, numeric functions	source	8
14	Designing a USABLE Application: User Interfaces and Usability Testing	Jason Thomas	The increased availability of graphical user interface (GUI) tools for application development calls for techniques to ensure that the applications are USABLE. and not just pretty or fancy. GUI tools such as 1hose available In SAse application development using SASIFSp8 and `SAS/AF`-software with FRAME, have been created to develop better user interfaces for applications. This paper presents techniques and principles to aid the application devetoper in designing a usable interface. What Is an Interface? "To the users, the Interface is the system" [Hix & Hartson 1993]. An interface is a means by which a person interacts with something to perform a desired function. We encounter such interfaces repeatedly in our day-to-day Uves. For example, your telephone, your television remote control, your car stereo controls, your keyboard, and the buttons in an elevator are all interfaces that you encounter dally. Interfaces are evolutionary beasts, where survival of the fittest reigns.	error message, proc freq	source	7
15	Designing an Integrated Safety Summary of Clinical Trials	Linda Collins, Patricia L. Gerend	An application for approval to market a drug must include a summary of the drug's safety that pools information from all clinical trials on that drug. A common database structure is necessruy to support this analysis plan and related queries. Often the original data will need manipulation to fit this structure. This article discusses strategies for planning and implementing such an integrated safety	vital signs, proc step, proc means, adverse events, concomitant medications	source	6
16	Designing Clinical SAS Service Request Forms	Sunil Kumar Gupta	SAS programmers often have the responsibility of supporting the reporting requirements of the Clinical Affairs Department ofPharmaceutical Companies. This involves interacting with department membels to define the report. The SAS programmer's task is to mderstand the request and to design the program to aclrieve the desired outcome. This is often the most difficult part of the request. A SAS Service Request Form should be developed to meet the needs of the department and reflect the type of information available for reporting. The form should be organized to guide the customer tbrough a series of questions. Sections on the form should include who the request is from and the required date, the description of the SAS request with the purpose listed, the selection criteria to identifY the population and time period of the report, and the fonnat and organization of the report along with the method of output desired. Finally, the SAS programmer should log the completion date and time.	sas programmer, clinical trial	source	3
17	Designing Effective Graphic User Interface with SAS/AF and FRAME Entries	Sy J. Truong	The abundance of new visual tools for FRAME Entries and `SAS/AF` in the windowing environment creates a challenge for building applications with an effective graphical user interface (GUI). This paper will explain how style and consistency in design enable applications to be more effective for the user. It will explore the different elements of a GUI, such as windows, icons, menus, controls, messages and dialog boxes; and explain how they can be used effectively. It will expand on techniques of style, including object placement and proper wording of text messages. This introductory set of guidelines will help developers create applications which are easier for end-users to leam and therefore more effective. Note: This paper focuses on methods of creating effective Graphical User Interfaces through the use of FRAME Entry and other AF tools. It is not, however, intended as a tutorial on the techniques of FRAME Entry.		source	5
18	Desktop Publishing with SAS and WordPerfect	Christopher Toppe	Let's face it: any report produced in the fixed space Courier font looks amateurish. And we all know that SAS output loves Courier and hates Times Roman or any other proportional, desktop publishing font But that doesn't mean that you have to be the only one in your office who produces ugly reports. It is possible to create WordPerfect documents within SAS- to imbed WordPerfect control codes for attributes like centering, holding, underlining, and especially tabs. This allows you to go directly from SAS to WordPerfect, with all the desktop publishing capabilities ofW ordPerfect available for that SAS created document. The Secrets Creating a WordPerfect document from SAS is really straight forward once you know the secrets. They are listed below. * Start with a blank WordPerfect document A blank WordPerfect document is not empty. It contains all sorts of useful information in the header portion of the tile.	proc step, sas output	source	7
19	Detecting Singularity of a Matrix and Adjustment for Positive Definite Matrix Using Cholesky Decomposition Theorem - SAS/IML	Jianmin Liu	This paper presents a SAS program to implement the Cholesky decomposition when a matrix is not positive definitive (PD). In the case of singularity, some adjustment becomes necessary in order to factor a matrix by applying Cholesky decomposition theorem. The adjustment will cause some distortion of the original matrix. The SAS program presented in this paper represents an	correlation, time series analysis	source	6
20	Development Facilities and Tools for SAS Applications	Philip H. Van Dusen	SAS Consulting Services has an application development environment (ADE) that centers around a collection of generic SAS programs we call Toolbox. Components of the Toolbox include SASIAF subclasses, utility programs, applications, SAS macros, and SAS sample code. The organization of, and access to, Toolbox itself is controlled by an AF program. This paper will describe the infrastructure of our Toolbox using example Toolbox screens and Toolbox entries.	macro variable, sample, data integrity, dataset, macro definition	source	10
21	Efficient SAS Programming and Data Storage Techniques	Prahanth Shetty	The primary purpose of this tutorial is to elucidate some of the practical, easy to use techniques in SAS that will go a long way in enabling the beginning user to save computing time and storage space. Coding efficiency and processing speed are two vital factors that a beginning user ought to keep in mind while programming in SAS in a multi-user environment. This will considerably reduce the burden on the computing resources and ensure smoothness of operations.	cpu time, index, proc step	source	5
22	Empower Your User Community with a SAS Information Warehouse	Stephen C. Scott	The idea of an Information Warehouse composed of SAS datasets and present on your platforms of choice offers many benefits to end-users, application developers and system administrators. Performance benefrts include CPU savings of 65% to 99% over conventional DBMS such as DB2 and elapsed time savings of 90% compared to DBMS products from Oracle and Sybase. Whether your Information System is small (3 meg) or large (30 + gigabytes) you can achieve improved performance and improved business processes through the concepts of an Information Warehouse. · This paper explores the author's experiences with Information Warehouses, summarizes the most recent writings on the Data Warehouse and reviews some of the corporations using the SAS system as an integral part of their Information Warehouse strategy.	dataset, cpu time, proc step, proc sql	source	10
23	Frame Your View of Data with the SQL Procedure	Kirk Paul Lafler	The SQL view is a powerful feature of the relational model. Data becomes visible as a framed picture through which you can see information. This paper presents the many features of an SQL view and how it can be used as a building block by users and application programmers alike. A tutorial approach will be used to illustrate the virtues found in building, using, and exploring the numerous practical applications of viewing data.	proc sql, order by, create view, select, group by, proc step	source	4
24	Gaining Efficiency With SAS Software	Kirk Paul Lafler	With the ever increasing popularity of SAS., Software among programmers and users, guidelines for its efficient use become increasingly important. This paper presents a collection of techniques for gaining efficiency when using SAS Software. Areas deserving special consideration include program execution, 110, disk space as well as an often overlooked item known as program maintenance. Sample code is presented to illustrate numerous practical techniques as to why some	proc sql, drop statement, cpu time, dataset, if-then-else	source	6
25	General Reliability and Intraclass Correlation Program (GRIP)	Ron D. Hayes, Eric Yu I. Wang, Michael S. Sonksen	Reliability is the extent to which a measure yields a similar value each time it is administered, all other things being equal (i.e., no true change in the attribute being measured has occurred). The simplest reliability model is derived from a one-way ~OVA with the targets (persons or things) being rated as the between factor and the remaining variance assigned to the within error term. If the number of assessments (raters) is the same across targets, it is possible to estimate the main effect of assessment (i.e., mean shifts in responses). The two-way fixed effects model estimates the reliability of multiple assessments by subtracting the mean square error from the mean square between, dividing by the mean square between. The mean square error is estimated by the interaction between respondents and the multiple assessments (the main effect of multiple assessments is excluded from the error term).	correlation, intraclass correlation, main effect, proc mixed, fixed effects, residual	source	4
26	Getting Subtotals and Percentages: It's Never Been So Easy	Christopher Toppe	Getting subtotals and percentages onto a database has always been one of the curses of working with SAS data. The most common techniques are neither easy to conceptualize nor easy to program. Sorting your data and using FIRST. and LAST. variables is perhaps the standard brute-force programming methodology that we all have learned to use and come to hate. Using `PROC MEANS` (or `PROC`	proc sql, proc step, group by, proc means, by group processing, create table, sas base, dataset	source	6
27	Guzzy SQL Merges with Laboratory Data Normal Ranges	Justina M. Flavin	In proc8$Sing laboratory data for clinical drug trials, test results must be compared to the laboratory normal ranges to flag out-of range results on data tabulations * Merging together the data set of patient results and that of the normal ranges is complicated by the lack of key variables in the two data sets. This paper wiD Illustrate the problem and different solutions using arrays and `PROC` SOL. INTRODUcnON One of the most challenging tasks in processing clinical laboratory data for drug trials is that of matching the patient test results to the laboratory normal ranges. The data are stored in two separate data sets, one containing the patient test results, the other, the normal ranges. Typically, the data sets contain only one or two variables in common - a variable identifying the test type Q.e. potassium, albumin, uric acid, etc.), and for studies not utilizing a central lab, a variable identifying the lab that processed the samples.	proc step, proc sql	source	2
28	Heteroskedasticity in Regression Model - Detection and Remedial Measures Using SAS 6.10	George C. J. Fernandez	Homoskedastlcfty, the errors have a common variance, Is one of the assumptions In regression models. If the errors do not have a constant variance, It Is called heteroskedasticly. The consequences of heteroskedasllcity are unbiased, but inefficient least-square estimators and biased variances of the parameter estimators. The implications of severe heteroskedasticlty are biased confidence Intervals for parameter estimate& and 1nvar111 hypothesis testing. Heteroskedastlclty can be detected graphically by residual anal)'sls. Also While's test and Bret~Seh-Pagen tests are commonly used to formally detect heteroskedastic-The remedial measures for heteroskedastlcfty Include regression analysis on variance stablllzlng (Box-Cox transformation} transformed data, weighted least-squares, and generalized methods or moments (GMM). The new features In SAS 6.1 o for deli!Cilng and correcting heteroskedasticily are pr-nted.	regression analysis, estimate, predictor variable, proc model, covariance, adjusted r-squared, response variable, monte carlo, proc reg, proc step	source	10
29	How SAS Software Users Can Benefit from the Internet	Helen D. Carey	The Internet is the largest collection of interconnected networks in the world. As the Internet grows exponentially, so does the number of SAS software users accessing it as part of their daily work activities. The vast amount of information on the Internet can be overwhelming. This paper describes the access tools of the Internet, the location of helpful SAS resources and other resources. reasons for using the Internet, and how to fmd information so that you benefit from the Internet and not just access it.	group by, sas consultant	source	10
30	Implementation of a Simple Method for the Analysis of Over-Dispersed Counts and Proportions	Jennifer Lee, Chul W. Ahn	Over-dispersed binary and count data occur frequently in many fields of application. Examples include occurrence of cavity in one or more teeth, and development of tumors In one or more animals of a litter. Methods of statistical analysis that ignore over-dispersion underestimate standard errors. Consequently, coverage proportions of confidence intervals and significance levels of tests are distorted. To analyze the over-dispersed data, one could postulate a specific statistical model and use maximum likelihood methods for the estimation of parameters. However, it may be preferable to employ an approach that does not rely on mode6ng because the true model is hard to know with confidence. Rao and Scott (1992) and Scott and Rao ( 19951 proposed a simple method for analyzing correlated binary and count data exhibiting over-dispersion relative to a binomial and Poisson model. This method assumes no specific models for over-dispersion.	sample, sample size, poisson distribution, design effect, confidence interval, binomial distribution, poisson regression, proc calis, correlation	source	3
31	Introducing the Sample Library File Contribution Server	Richard D. Langston, Gregory S. Barnes Nelson	ihls paper discusses the repositDry of user-contributed sAS applications software that will reside on an FTP file server accessible via Internet This paper describes the various ltlols that allow for uploading and downloading SAS macro code, SAS programs, and SASfTOOLKlT modules.	sample, data cleaning	source	6
32	Introduction to PROC SQL as a Data Summary Tool	Aileen L Yarn	This paper shows how to obtain counts, percentages, and other summary statistics such as mean, standard deviation and range with the `SQL` procedure. Examples from the pharmaceutical industry are used. While `PROC SQL` is often perceived as a data retrieval tool, its unique features allow programmers to write compact codes to obtain various kinds of data summaries. With `PROC SQL`, several DATA or other `PROC` steps can be reduced to one or two steps.	proc sql, proc step, select, proc means, macro call, group by, macro variable, order by, missing value, standard deviation, sample, create table	source	5
33	Making Sense out of the _TYPE_ Variable with Bit-Testing	Lora D. Delwiche, Susan J. Slaughter	SAS creates a variable named_ TYPE_ whenever a program produces an output data set using the `MEANS` procedure with a CLASS statement. The_ TYPE_ variable can be confusing to work with. In reality though, `_TYPE_` is a logical extension of the CLASS statement. This paper explains how SAS generates the `_TYPE_` variable and shows an easy way to use bit-testing to select observations based on `_TYPE_`.	proc step, proc print	source	4
34	Managing Longitudinal Panel Surveys Using Interactive Applications Created by SAS/AF and SAS/FSP with SCL	Miriam G. Cisternas	Social science researchers have been using the SAS System for years to analyze survey data. Recently, through increases In the functionality of `SAS/AF`, `SAS/FSP`, Screen Control Language (SCL) and other aspects of the SAS system available with version 6.08 and above, it has become easier to use SAS to manage other parts of the survey process as well, including subject enrollment, entering of questionnaire data, and in the case of longitudinal surveys, subject tracking and follow-up. The click· and-point interface features of `SAS/AF` and SASIFSP allow these processes to be controlled by a non-programmer such as the survey interviewer, decreasing programmer and secretarial time that is usually required for such efforts. This paper illustrates the implementation of a Sutvey Management System for a longitudinal study of subjects with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome currently in progress at the University of California, San Francisco.	proc step, attrib statement	source	5
35	Merging a Single Observation with Many Using Multiple SET Statements	Lora D. Delwiche, Susan J. Slaughter	Have you ever wanted to merge a grand total with your original data and wondered what the BY variable should be? Well, it turns out, you don't need a BY variable at all. This paper shows an efficient way of combining a data set containing a single observation with a data set containing multiple observations using two `SET` statements in one `DATA STEP`.	set statement, proc print, proc step	source	2
36	Method Comparison Using Bland-Altman Method	Meng-Koon Chua	The Bland- Altman method represents a better way of assessing degree of agreement between two measurement	correlation, regression analysis, clinical data, clinical significance	source	5
37	Multimedia in SAS Applications	Ken Ellis	This paper describes the multimedia offerings that will be available with Release 6.11 of the SAS System. The first section of the paper describes the `SAS/W` Video Player Class. The Video Player Class allows users to embed digital Video and audio direclly within FRAME based applications. A detailed first look at the Video Player Class methods is included in this section. The next section of the paper describes the Video Editor found in the SASIGRAPH" VIdeo Extensions. The Video Editor allows users fo edit multiple video and audio clips In a non-linear domain. A basic understanding of `SAS/AF` and Screen Control Language (SCL) is assumed in the programming examples. The reader should also be familiar with the basic ooncepts of digital video and audio. However, the paper Introduces key topics including the supported video formats, non-linear e<flting, and oompositing.		source	4
38	OLE and the SAS System for Windows Release 6.11	Jennifer Bradshaw Clegg	This paper descnbes the support for OLE (object linking and embedding) provided in the SAS System for Windows Release 6.11. Features include support for em bedded and linked objects, drag and drop, visual editing, OLE automation, and OLE controls. OLE support within the SAS System is available in SAS/ ~ FRAME entries and `SAS/EIS` applica tions.	excel, catalog	source	9
39	PROC REPORT, A Guided Tour	Martin Haase	This paper demonstrates a process for rapid creation of a reri.es of production reports using the `REPORT` procedure. You are first introduced to the `REPORT` procedure, and its key components. You then examine examples of code and the corresponding output which illustrate the features of the procedure. This is followed by a discussion of the limitations faced when using the `REPORT` procedure and some options for working around these limitations. This discussion focuses on using `PROC REPORT` in a nonwindowing environment. It is based on several production reports I have developed while at HealthCare COMPARE Corp. The ssmple data set used for this paper replicates a health insurance claims data set. What is `PROC` REPORT1 `PROC REPORT` is a 'report writer' intended to generate columnar output.	proc report, proc step, variable list, sample, insurance claims	source	6
40	Programming to Locate Unlicensed Businesses	Tom Eyerman	The author was motivated by the need to be more efficient in locating unlicensed businesses. A unique program was written using SAg software that has moved the City of Phoenix license inspection process from a strictly manual method to a combination of automated electronic data retrieval and manual inspections. This has been accomplished without an increase in personnel or cost to the City of Phoenix. The emphasis is now on the automated research and electronically produced reports rather than the inefficient and laborious manual inspection process.		source	5
41	Programming Tricks with PROC REPORT in a Nonwindowing Environment	Robin Mogavero	`PROC REPORT` is a relatively new procedure. Given its added fleXJbftity ft is destined to become an excellent productivity tool for report writing and a powerful tool for replacing `PROC PRINT`. Using `PROC REPORT` can free up the prograrnmefs time from the sometines tedious task of programming using the `DATA STEP`. This paper win focus on a few tricks useful in expanding the flexibility of this procedure. Spec:itic coding examples and the resulting reports will be included. This paper assumes the reader is already fami6ar wfth `PROC REPORT`. It is not meant as an introductory text to the procedure. See SAS Technical Report P-258 for an	proc report, proc step, by group processing	source	5
42	Rapid Applications Development Using the Data Form and Data Table Objects in SAS/AF Software for Release 6.11	Scott Wilkins	There are two new data entry objects available in Release 6.11 of the SAS System in the `SAS/AF` FRAME entry. These objects are called the Data Form (Experimental for Release 6.11) and the Data Table. The goal of this paper is to examine how these data entry objects contribute to Rapid Application Development (RAD) when creating a data entry application using the `SAS/AF` FRAME entry.		source	11
43	Reducing LAN Traffic for SAS Data Sets: The Skinny File Approach	Richard D. Langston, Meade Morgan	This paper describes an approach used by the Centers for Disease Control to reduce the LAN traffic on a group of very large SAS data sets. This approach, implemented as an engine using `SAS/TOOLKIT` Software, involves dividing a single SAS data set into many single-variable data sets. The user specifies which variables to access, and the engine handles the building of program data vectors consisting of only those variables. Also, each single-variable "skinny file" can be further reduced in size using various compression techniques. Thus the engine allows for a very significant reduction in disk usage, network traffic and throughput time.	dataset, if-then-else, traffic data, proc step	source	3
44	Remote and Open Access to Enterprise Data: Enhanced Distributed Data Access Through Multiple Engine Architecture	Jack Wallace	Access to data from the SAS* System Is constantly being expanded and enhanced: Transparent access to remote data Is now available when the local and remote machines have different architectures. And another new feature opens access to SAS data to applications that utilize the ODBC API, such as Microsoft Word. These new features are built on a modular system architecture that often provides more then one way to accomplish a given distributed data access task. To choose the best melhod, It Is advantageous to understand the processing pertormed by the components of Multiple Engine Alchltecture. Future enhancements for remote and open data access are also dependent on this architecture. This paper IntrodUces the new features but concentrates on the architecture and lfs lmplementaUon. If you simply want to know how to usa the features, read the Introduction and selected references at the end of this paper.	proc sql, where statement, dataset, select, by group processing	source	10
45	SAS for Road Warriors and Telecommuters: How to Avoid the Floppy Shuffle	Michael C. Harris	Sooner or later, many people who use computers In their offices will acquire desktop or portable computers so they can have the flexibility to work at home. They may simply desire to be able to work evenings and weekends at their convenience, or employers may have formal work-at-home programs to help meet local environmental regulations. Thanks to the proliferation of TCP/IP packages for personal computers (PCs), SAS users have several options for solving the problem of remote data access without carrying data sets around on disks. This paper describes the hardware, software and system configurations necessary to make remote computing effective. Character based terminal emulation is discussed briefly, then more advanced and exciting approaches, including X Windows over serial lines and creative use of `SAS/CONNEC`~ are presented Finally, potenlial problems and performance issues are addressed.	proc step, libname statement	source	3
46	SAS Institute and the World Wide Web: Now and Future	Lauren Bednarcyk	The publications division will present a tour of the SAS Institute World Wide Web (WWW) site. We will show the Institute's home page, software product information, technical support materials, online code examples, publications catalog, SUGI and users group information, and many other features of this online resource. This information is available free to anyone with Internet access and WWW client software. Next, we will discuss the future possibilities for SAS Institute on the Internet. Issues surrounding the opportunities and obstacles will be explored such as delivering products and documentation via the Internet.		source	6
47	SAS/GRAPH Odds and Ends; Little Things That Make a Big Difference	Arthur L. Carpenter	`SAS/GRAPH` is very flexible and at times it can be very frustrating. Often it seems that those little things that ought to be the easiest take the longest to 'get right'. This paper will deal with an eclectic set of topics that sometimes cause confusion and difficulties. It is not unusual that the little things, the topics that should be easy, take the longest to code, and that a little hint or a trick is what is needed. Topics will include: options for text handling in titles, footnotes, and labels AXIS statement options to dress up a scatter plot SYMBOL statements options and how they are accessed GREPLA Y and TEMPLATES to display banner titles This entry level presentation is designed for those users of `SAS/GRAPH` that are able to generate a graph, but have difficulty getting it to look the way that they want it (or the way the boss wants it).	proc step, proc gplot	source	6
48	Solutions for the Data "Where?" House: Presenting Data form Many Sources Using SAS and ODBC	Andrew J. L. Cary	Data used to prepare summary tables and report often resides in different databases. spreadsheets, and documents. Many of these products are now ODBC conformant. SAS can be used to gather this data and provide a common mechanism for manipulating and reporting it in a relatively straight-fotward way. The Data "Where?" house A designed 'data warehouse' is a powerful tool allowing decision makers easy access to the data they need to analyze. Unfortunately, much of the data in the real world does not reside in data warehouses. but rather resides in informal collections of unrelated databases and legacy systems. These 'data where? houses' present a different kind of problem. Data in the 'where-house' may be difficult or impossible to relate to other data. It may be collected in incompatible data structures. It is only analyzable through heroic efforts or after tedious transcription from one database format to another.	proc sql, proc step, create table, dataset, adverse events, excel, proc sort, error message, laboratory data, sample, sql pass-through	source	10
49	The Effects on Learning Efficiency and Accuracy of Easy-to-Difficult Practice on the Tower of Hanoi Problem-Solving Task	Diana D. Suhr, Gypsy Denzine, Stuart Garry, Peggy Lane	The purpose of this experiment was to determine if practice on problems sequenced from easy-to-difficult facilitated learning 1n terms of efficiency (time per move and number of moves) and accuracy (number of errors). Subjects were compared on a 5-ring Tower of Hanoi problem after two different treatments were administered: the 'progressive practice' group received a 3-ring trial followed by a 4- and then a 5-ring practice regimen; the 'difficult practice' group received three 5-ring practice trials. After twenty minutes, both groups received a final 5-ring trial. The paper will explain comparisons made across trials using a REPEATED MEASURES ANOVA with `PROC`	repeated measures, repeated measures anova, by group processing, anova, sample, proc step	source	8
50	The SAS System for Data Warehousing	Tim Lehman, T. Randall Betancourt	In implementing a successful data access strategy, it is important to recognize there are appropriate and inappropriate ways to access data depending on the nature and distribution of that data and the types of applications requiring access to the data. In some cases it may be appropriate to give users access to the data through views. But. if the views are to a production or transaction oriented database, the prospect of having 3 00 users making ill-timed and ill-framed queries can quickly lose its appeal as the database performance grinds to a slow crawl. In such a case, giving users access to separate extract files organized in an information database might be more appropriate. This paper will examine the role of the information database in enterprise computing, and database features of the SAS System that allow it to be a cost-effective alternative to a commercial DBMS as a source for data required by ad-hoc query and reponing, and decision support applications.		source	7
51	Tips and Techniques for Data Fixes in a Repository Data Warehouse	Ty Lee	A repository data warehouse is popular for statistical analysis and reporting. It is often necessary to fix data errors or provide updates in a data warehouse. This paper will discuss tips and techniques for data updates in a SAs repository data warehouse. Specifically, the paper will compare methods for deleting, inserting and changing records, combining tables, as well as using the macro facility to apply global data updates to a SAS" library. The paper will use case study approach to explore the following topics: UPDATE and DELETE statements * `PROC SQL` (JOIN, UNION, etc.)	proc step, data warehouse, proc compare, proc append, update statement, clinical research, delete, macro definition, proc sql, data cleaning	source	6
52	Training in a World of Cost-Cutting and Downsizing	Charles E. Shipp, Kirk Paul Lafler	Providing training and user support in a world of cost-cutting and downsizing requires clear		source	6
53	Tuning the SAS System Under MVS: A Release 6.08 Update	Daniel J. Squillace, Annette Tharpe	Tuning the SAS System can help you make the most of your Investment In both hardware and software. Toward this end, the SAS System provides a built-in set of features that will aid you In effectively managing consumption of CPU, memory and 1/0 resources. This paper will introduce those SAS System features, and will provide information on techniques which make use of them, including	proc step, cpu time, options statement, libname statement, dataset, sas log, memory usage, proc options	source	7
54	Tuning Tips for Applications That Use SAS/SHARE Software	Bill Brideson, Steve Beatrous, Daniel J. Squillace, Jan Squillace	The ~ System has many tuning options, most of which are left at their default values. When an application accesses data through a SAS server. sometimes the default values provide adequate performance and someHmes they do not. The SAS System Is delivered to you properly tuned for a ''typical" application that uses SASISHARE* software. SAS Institute makes soma essumptlons about the kind of processing that Is going to take place In a "typical" application. Recognizing that your application may not be "typical", the SAS System supplies tuning options that you can use to override default behaviOr. This paper discusses programming techniques and option value adjustments that you can usa to Improve the performance of your applications that access defa through SAS servers. The Information In this paper Is the result of tuning several large applications that are In use at SAS Institute.	where statement, proc step, dataset, catalog entry, sysdate9, cpu time, sas library, catalog, proc sql, lookup, proc freq, libname statement	source	10
55	Using Factor Analysis to Develop Health Enhancement Lifestyle Management (HELM) Profiles for Residence Life Students at the University of Northern Colorado	Diana D. Suhr, Michael Issacson	The Health Enhancement Lifestyle Management (HELM) Profile was developed by the University of Northern Colorado Residence Life Staff to assist in program planning. The reason for the profile is to determine individual wellness/developmental needs plus help guide educational programming for residence life students. Each student who participates in the HELM Profile receives a report which includes subscale scores and a graphical representation of their scores(barchart). Subscales include areas such as physical fitness, nutrition, time management, academic satisfaction, and values. The paper explains how `PROC FACTOR` was used to develop the subscales. (Note: The HELM Profile with 24 subscales was administered to 684 students during the 94-95 academic year at UNC. To create a new version of the HELM, the 94-95 data is being analyzed using `PROC FACTOR` to reduce the number of subscales and to strengthen reliability.)	factor analysis, proc factor, proc step, factor loading	source	5
56	Using the SAS Software to Program a Simulation Study Evaluating New Designs for Phase I Clinical Trials	Akiko Chai, Tamara L. Odom-Maryon, Chul W. Ahn, Joyce C. Niland	The primary goal of a Phase I clinical trial is to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for a new drug which does not exceed a specified level of toxicity. Designs which minimize the number of patients treated at dose levels above and considerably below the MTD while minimizing the total number of patients accrued are desirable. To evaluate the performance of three Phase I designs, a simulation study was programmed using SASIIML" and the SAS" Macro language. The three designs examined vary the escalation schemes and accrual schemes used in the standard Phase I trial. We present our experience using SAS" to perform a large scale simulation to perform the management, analysis and storage of the simulated data and	dose, phase i	source	3
57	Utilizing Clinical SAS Report Templates	Sunil Kumar Gupta	SAS programmers often have the responsibility of supporting the reporting needs of the Clinical Affairs Department of Phannaceutical Companies. This involves generating a variety of reports to fulfill the regulatory requirements of the clinical investigation of the medical device. By establishing clinical reporting templates for each of the functional aspects of Clinical Data Management, the SAS programmer can dramatically improve the efficiency of developing and generating reports. Examples of these functional reports include patient listings, patient x-ray logs, monitor site visits, monthly status reports, & reports necessary for pre market approval application. Each type of report requires different layouts due to the different	sas programmer, sample, macro variable, proc report, proc step	source	5
58	Year 2000 and SAS or Where's Fred?	Michael L. Sperling	Many computer applications will fail in the year 2000, or earfier without some corrective action. The typical date standard format, since the early stages of automation, has been MMIDOIYY. Therefore. 1995 was stored as the two digits, '95'. Comparisons between the year 2000 and 1995 (00 and 95) will show 1995 as greater than 2000. Arithmetic calculations will also be inaccurate. The problem may manifest itself in many areas including, databases, reports, files, screens, sorts. backups, imbedded coding and historical data. Additionally, many software products for PC platforms may have been created with valid dates only through 1999. Operating system software {including DOS 6.0) and other vendor packages may not be immune from this disorder. While SAS does not have this problem by virtue of its unique date handfing, what about external data, report titles, and dates stored as character type data?	sysdate9, dataset	source	2

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