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BUGSSUGI 1989 Papers - Index
319 papers. Source: SAS Users Group International conference proceedings.
| # | Title× | Authors× | Abstract× | Keywords× | Extras | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A Class of Highly Efficient Resistant and Robust Estimators for Simple Linear Regression for Use with the SAS System | Evelyn A. Adler | Estimation of regression parameters by the method of Least Squares has certain well known disadvantages when there are outliers in the data. Regression techniques have been developed that are resistant to outliers and robust to violations of assumptions underlying the usual regression model. However, these require an excessive amount of computation and are not readily available for users of the SAS· system. In this paper two new classes of regr~ssion estimators are presented, The first is based on modifications to the very effici ent Thei I-Sen estimator. It requires substantially less computation whilst maintaining statistical efficiency. Sampling from the complete set of pairwise slopes reduces computational costs from O(n') to O(n). Use of efficient location estimators and an outlier~detection scheme increases statistical efficiency and also increases the Breakdown-Bound from approximately 29% to 35% | sample, sample size, regression analysis, outlier, monte carlo | source | 6 |
| 2 | A Clinical Trials Data Management System Featuring Multiple Editing Phases | Mark F. Guagliardo, Kathleen A. Jablonski |
This paper describes the mainframe component of a data management system developed for a clinical trial ~f a medical intervention - prenatal ultrasound screening. A key requirement of the system is that our statisticians should have easy access to information "about the frequency and status of <lata field erron. This paper will focus on how the system creates~ within each data set, a self-contained audit trail of error detections and cor~ctions. The study is called the Routine Antenatal Diagnostic Imaging with Ultrasound Trial - RADIUS Trial for short. Our goal is to determine if routine screening of low-risk pregnancies with ultrasound can significantly reduce the rate of. prenatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality | phase ii, phase iii, flag variable, phase i, _error_, error message | source | 5 |
| 3 | A CMS VM Batch Facility REXX EXEC for the SAS System | Chapman P. Gleason | This paper describes a CMS REXX exec for the SASe System using the VM Batch Facility. The VM Batch Facility allows a job to execute in batch mode on VM/CMSfreeing the programmer to develop other pro grams/applications. :Introduction This paper describes a CMS REXX exeo for the SAS System using the VM Batch Facility. The VM Batch Faci lity allows a program to execute in batch mode on CMS freeing the user to develop other programs~ The VM batch Facility njob exec n1 must be written in REXX. REXX (restructured extended executor) is a command progranming'and macro lanquage with syntax like the SAS DATA STEP language. This paper describes a CMS REXX exec called BATCHSAS which creates another REXX exec to control the execution of a CMS SAS job in a task machine of the VM Batch Facility |
data step, macro facility, sas batch | source | 5 |
| 4 | A Concise and Easily Interpretable Way of Presenting the Results of Regression Analyses | Stephen Senzer, Leland Stewart |
regression analysis, posterior probability, predictor variable, probability distribution, logistic distribution | source | 4 | |
| 5 | A Data Management System for Remote Medical Studies Using the SAS System | Timothy L. Cannon, Gene O. Nelson, Dwayne D. Oland, David M. Warren |
clinical trial, data governance, data science | source | 3 | |
| 6 | A General Approach in the Analysis of Repeated Measures Data Using the GLM Procedure | Lee Kaiser | The purpose of this paper is to present a general method for the analysis of repeated measures data, when the sphericity assumption holds, using PRoe GLM. This approach can be used regardless of whether there is missing data or continuous independent variables. The approach consists of a model statement which includes a random ·subject (or, in general, experimental unit) term. ESTIMATE and CONTRAST statements are used to test hypotheses on between subject effects and to determine least squares means. The method specifies what the coefficients of the subject terms should be in these statements. In general, the parameter estimates are approximately those which would be obtained from a generalized least squares analysis assuming that the ratio of within to between subject variation is small. When the data is complete on all subjects, the parameter estimates are BLUE when the design matrix satisfies certain restrictions | proc genmod, least squares mean, proc step, proc glm, proc calis, degrees of freedom | source | 6 |
| 7 | A Generalized Editing Procedure for Questionnaire-based Data Using the SAS System | Lance W. Cameron, Lawrence R. Catlett |
missing value, proc format, sample, proc step | source | 7 | |
| 8 | A Hematology Laboratory System Using the SAS System for PCs | Joel F. Achtenberg, Pilar Casanova |
This paper describes a clinical hematology laboratory system using SAS 6.03 on an IBM PC/AT with a direct connection to an automated blood analy~er. The use of SAS permits rapid review of the on-line test results, inclusion of additional tests done manually and comments inserted by the technician, almost instantaneous transmission of the results to remote clinics, efficient maintenance of historical patient records, and a wide range of patient and laboratory reports, including gr,aphics. The system makes uSe of an undocumented feature in SAS version 6.03 which facilitates the communication between a SAS datastep and an external device, by providing a DOS-level device driver for the serial port and by providing a means for specifying device-dependent communication parameters sU9h as baud rate, parity, and handshake protocols | sample, data step | source | 4 |
| 9 | A Lockheed Computer-aided Data Verification System | John Lau, Greg Silva |
Lockheed Engineering and Mana gement Services Company (Lockheed EMSCO) is under contract with the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) to provide data verification for portions of the EPA - National Acid precipitation Assessment Program. This work involves Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) of data from different laboratories. Originally the process was performed using a number of computer programs, as well as some manual operations. using SAS* products, a system has been developed to automate most of the process. The system allows users to create, modify, and verify acid deposition survey data. This system has been used successfully, and because of its general struc ture, can be adapted to future sur veys | data cleaning, macro definition | source | 3 |
| 10 | A Macro to Separate Records into Output Data Sets by Date and Create Data Set Names with Date as a Part | Michael J. Schilling | dataset, proc step, proc freq, output delivery system, out=, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 11 | A Macro-based Report Generator | Anthony B. Kreamer | The macro presented in this paper 1s intended for end-users who wish to use "PUT" sta'tellents to generate reports. tMJt do not want to spend a lot of tiDe counting columns to Make sure everything fits nicely within the available space. The macro takes the variables that the user supplies for the report and calculates the BESTFIT within the 132 available coluans. henceforth; macro tBESTFIT was created. Macro BESTFIT calls .everal other ~crOS in dete~ining the appropriate coiumA locations of each variable. Thia paper will discuss each of the sub-macros and how they interrelate to produoe e nice formatted report. INTRIlOUCTION Generating reports using PUT statements can be very tedious and time consuming. Often users plan what their reports look like on some kind of spread sheet that contains 132 columns so as to be sure everything fits within the available space. If a user has a report ancompassiruj !Rany variables. more than one page may be necessary | macro variable | source | 6 |
| 12 | A Menu-driven, Microcomputer-based Data Entry System Using Version 6.03 Screen Control Language | Julie A. Smith | macro variable, do loop, sas log | source | 6 | |
| 13 | A Meta-database Implementation Strategy for Documentation and Retrieval Using the SAS System | John Podgurski | dataset, proc step, out=, format statement, proc contents, label statement, raw data, data dictionary, index, input statement, merge statement, set statement | source | 10 | |
| 14 | A Method to Capture and Replay SAS/GRAPH Software on a Personal Computer | Tim Arnold, Ed Fryar, Chao-Chyuan Shih |
source | 5 | ||
| 15 | A PC Interactive Menu-driven System: Integrating the SAS for Personal Computers with dBASE III PLUS' and DOS Batch Files | Tenya Marie Economou | macro variable, proc step, sas log, proc printto, sample | source | 7 | |
| 16 | A Precursor of Survey Processing in the SAS System at the Census Bureau | Robert S. Lohr | proc step, proc freq, dataset, imputation | source | 3 | |
| 17 | A Procedure for the Analysis of Multivariate Binomial Data with Adjustments for Multiplicity | Youling Lin, Peter H. Westfall, S. Stanley Young |
binomial distribution, bootstrap, class variable, proc step, multiplicity, dataset, proc freq, sample size, sample, z-test, by group processing | source | 8 | |
| 18 | A Program to Calculate Weights for Specified Spectral Windows: A SPECTRA Procedure Application | Tim Arnold, Ed Fryar |
This paper outlines the use of a SAS1 system macro which calculates ,and inserts the numerical values of the weights needed in the SPECTRA pro cedure. These weights are calculated based on user specification of spectral window type, number of cbseryations, and bandwidth. Importance of Windows The periodogram of a time series is not a consistent estimator of the spectrum. However. by smoothing the periodogram with a filter conventionally called a window, 'th'a filtered series may become a reasonable estimator for a spectrum. There are two ways to do this: 1. Lag Window The truncated sample autocovariance function is passed through the Fourier transform using the weighting procedure for the specified lag window type. 2. Spectral Window The transformed data is filtered using the weighting procedure for the specified spectral window type. In the SPECTRA procedure, the use of the second method (spectral window) is assumed |
raw data, time series analysis | source | 2 |
| 19 | A Quick and User-friendly Comprehensive Front-End, for the SAS/GRAPH Procedures | Robert S. Day, Retha Keyser |
dataset, proc step | source | 5 | |
| 20 | A Robust Code for Producing Stratified, Blocked Randomizations Utilizing VMS' Macro Facilities and the SET Statement with the POINT Option | David W. Main | randomization, proc step, dataset, do loop, proc sort | source | 4 | |
| 21 | A SAS Batch Program Tester Using ISPF | Jay A. Jaffe | sas log, dataset | source | 5 | |
| 22 | A SAS Information Center Tool | Wayne G. Maruska | proc step, dataset | source | 4 | |
| 23 | A SAS Look at Geographic Information Systems | Steven J. Subichin | proc step, proc gmap | source | 10 | |
| 24 | A SAS Macro Program Which Generates SAS/DB2Queries from SAS/AFInputs | Holly A. Fitzgerald | this paper demonstrates the powerfu.l combination of the SAS/DB2 interface.. SAS/AF and the SAS lII.acro language" It exemplifies the use of these three tools to greatly simplify the data gathering process which usually proceeds deeper analysis. In this program an AF screen is used to collect and validate data gatherinq parameters.. These parameters are then embedded into a complex series of SAS/OB2 queries to produce a SAS dataset for further analysis.. This embedding process is virtually impossible without the code generation facili ties of the SAS ma~ro lan.guage. System Requirements This program is an outgrowth of three relatively simple customer req1.lirement.s. Our customer wanted to be able to: 1) use screened input to build a 'complex but routinely run" set of DB2 queries, 2} load the results of those queries into a SAS data.set for further analysiS t and 31 save the qenerated queries for future |
dataset, data cleaning | source | 6 |
| 25 | A SAS Macro-based VM Computer Utilization Reporting System | Gregory C. Steffens | macro variable, data step, call symput, macro definition, put statement | source | 5 | |
| 26 | A SAS Matrix Software Macro for Testing the Random Effects in Random Models with Unequal Cell Frequencies in the Last Stage | Jose Gallo, Andre I. Khuri, Richard MacElderry |
The testing of both the fixed effuts and random effects in unbalanced mixed models (whieh include the random-effeds models) has relied on approximate procedures such as Sa.tterthwaite's approximation. These approximate | exact test, covariance, proc mixed, proc freq, main effect | source | 6 |
| 27 | A SAS Program for the Generalization of the Paired T-Test | H. P. Lee, James Lee |
'l'he paired t-test is the standard statistical procedure for comparing the mean value of a quantitative response variable based on a pair-matched (1-to-1 matched) sample. Not infrequently, ho~ver, the research situation warrants N-to-1. or N,-to-N2 matching rather than pair - matching. Rosner proposed a generalization of the paired t-test for the analysis of qu~ntitative data generated by these matching schemes. Herein we describe two BAS programs to carry out the generaliza tion of the paired t-test. The first program (GPI''l'BST) performs the test in accordance to Rosner's procedure; the program handles data generated by the N-to-l and N1-to-N2 matching schemes, and Nl and N2 may vary among matched-sets. The second proqram (GP'l'GRAF) provides a graphic display depicting the extend to which the stimulus response relationship is modified by the quantitative matching variable. A numeric example was used to illustrate the applica tion of the two SAS programs | response variable, covariance | source | 5 |
| 28 | A SAS/AF Application: Making the Leap from Version 5 to Version 6 | Lisa Ann Horwitz | This paper traces the steps necessary to convert a Release 5.18 SAS/AF" application to Release 6.03 on the PC. The discussion includes the steps to dOwnlOad the application, compile PROGRAM screens, and make modifications to assure proper execution under Release 6.03. This paper also suggests ways to take full advantage of the powerful new language available with tull-screen products under Version 6. screen control language {Sell· |
macro variable, bar chart, symbol table, macro definition, dataset, filename statement, libname statement, error message, vertical bar chart, macro facility, proc step, proc download | source | 8 |
| 29 | A SAS/AF Software Application to Build Programs from Independent Modules | Steven Light | dataset, adam dataset | source | 3 | |
| 30 | A SAS/IML Matrix Program to Estimate Indirect Effects and Their Standard Errors | David P. MacKinnon, Eric Yu I. Wang |
Mediated or indirect effects play a major role in social science theories. The existence of these effects indicate that the relationship between two variables depends on an intervening variable. For example, peer influences may mediate the effect of intelligence on adult socioeconomic status. Joreskog and Sorbom (1981) present matrix formulas for the calculation of indirect effects. Recently, Sobel (1982; 1986) derived matrix equations for the calculation of the standard errors of indirect effects. The purpose of this paper is to present a SAS/I~ matrix program for the calculation of indirect effects and their standard errors. The program shows the versatility and easy use of SAS/IM~ for matrix calculations, Because SAS software is widely available, the program should be accessible to researchers who need to test the statistical significance of indirect effects. Program input can be obtained from any covariance structure analysis program |
proc calis, covariance, estimate, sample, covariance structure | source | 6 |
| 31 | A SAS/IML Program for Randomization Analysis of Dose Response Curves | Dean E. Nelson | randomization, treatment effect, degrees of freedom | source | 4 | |
| 32 | A SAS/SHARE Messages and Lockout Facility for Users of the SAS System Under OS | Karen S. Ashbee, Diane L. Goulding, Fredrica T. Lake Fester |
SAS/SHARE software lets multiple users update the same SAS data library. However, if a DATA STEP is needed to replace or add variables to a SAS data set being shared, that DATA STEP must have exclusive control over the SAS data set. This level of control is not available within $AS/SHARE. How can all users view and edit an up-to-date data set, while ensuring that a program which replaces the data set can run with exclusive control? We present utilities which help solve this problem by allowing users to view their batch job status and to send messages to each other without leaving the application. Users can thus .notify other users when they need exclusive control to run a batch job. Because users wi 11 -be locked out of a file when a batch job has exclusive control of it, contention problems between batch jobs and online users are eliminated~ |
batch job, macro variable, dataset | source | 5 |
| 33 | A Survey of Table Lookup Techniques for the SAS System | James E. Johnstone, Craig K. Ray |
proc step, hash table, point= option, lookup, proc format, macro variable, put statement, sample, call execute, if-then-else, symbol table | source | ||
| 34 | A System Approach for the Storage and Retrieval of Information in Clinical Trials | Bee-Lian Chen, Patricia A. Majcher |
macro variable, sample, proc step | source | 4 | |
| 35 | A System of SAS Macros to Produce Kaplan-Meier Life Tables, Plots, and Stratified Mantel-Haenszel Comparisons | James M. Boyett, Kirk A. Easley |
life table, macro variable, data science | source | 6 | |
| 36 | A Test Scoring Procedure Using the SAS System | Jean Hardy, Charles Vachon |
sample, raw data | source | 3 | |
| 37 | A Useful General Procedure File for the ARIMA Procedure | Michael H. Dong, Yi Tsong |
time series analysis, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 38 | A VAX'/VMS ""Command for SAS Batch Jobs | Kernon M. Gibes | This paper presents a V Axnt /VMSTM command for submitting SAS jobs to be run in batch mode. VMS conunand syntax provides a flexible and powerful tool for specification of multiple SAS command files and allows the user to override default settings by the use of command qualifiers. Topics covered include processing SAS jobs in batch under V Ax/vMS~ the capabilities built into the SASBATCH comrnand~ the nature of the VAX com~ mand language dermition (CLD) file for specifying a command's syntax, and the V AX run-time library routines used to obtain information about the com mand line. Why Batch Processing? Although the interactive power and speed of SAS is constantly on the increase~ as well as the DEC nl | batch job, batch processing | source | 6 |
| 39 | A Way to Realize a Poster: SAS/GRAPH Software | Myriam Cosson, Isabelle Launay |
source | 5 | ||
| 40 | A Workload Characterization Tutorial for Online Systems | Ellen M. Friedman | sample, cpu time, proc sql, capacity planning, correlation, elapsed time | source | 10 | |
| 41 | Access to the SASSystem for Blind or Physically Disabled People | Joel F. Achtenberg | proc step, proc contents | source | 7 | |
| 42 | Advanced Features in SAS/AF Software | Mary Beth Naim | proc step, macro definition, macro loop, macro variable, macro conditional, data cleaning, macro quoting function, batch job | source | 6 | |
| 43 | ADVANCS: An Automated Data Validation and Correction System | Jessica Bondy, Dennis C. Lezotte, Julie A. Marshall |
data validation rules, audit trail, sample | source | 5 | |
| 44 | AFLIST: A Program to Document SAS/AF Software Libraries | R. David Sisemore | SASI AFis without a doubt one of the sWg1e most important and useful additions to the SAS product Une. SASJAF provides the ability to tie numerous individual program modules into a complete "user-friendly" system. However. its btgggest shortcomJng from a program development point of view is the inability to provide full and complete documentation as to the contents .of the SAS/AF libraries. This paper presents a program developed usmg the SAS system by the Operations Buslness Systems department at General Dynamicsl Convair DMsion to solve this problem |
proc step, proc format | source | 3 |
| 45 | An Application Using SAS/QC Software At Alcoa Laboratories | Linda W. Blazek | The use of designed experiments and quality control techniques has increased dramatically in recent years throughout American industry including the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa). With this comes increasing demands on statisticians to plan project strategies in these areas. Effective and concise communications with managers, scientists, engineers, and technicians are essential. This paper describes one project at Alcoa laboratories and how SAS software is used to help statisticians fuffill the various aspects of their job's requirements | proc step, sample, main effect, proc genmod | source | 10 |
| 46 | An Evaluation of Residuals for the Cox Model | William E. Barlow, Shan-Pin Fanchiang |
Residuals are often helpful in detecting model departures. This paper compares two residuals for the Cox regression model, the Schoenfeld (19S2) score residuals and the Barlow and Prentice (1988) integrated residuals, in their ability to detect nonproportional hazards. Simulation results indicate that the Schoenfeld residuals m~ have greater specificity. The integrated residual does ~stimate the empirical influence function, however | correlation, proportional hazards assumption, proc phreg, regression analysis, hazard function, autocorrelation | source | 6 |
| 47 | An Expert Systems Application for Selecting Statistical Techniques | Clyde Dent, Ray Palmer, Eric Yu I. Wang |
nominal variable, artificial intelligence | source | 3 | |
| 48 | An Information Centre SAS Consultant's Opinion on How to Build a "BAD "SAS Program | F. W. Bruce Densmore | After two years as an internal Information Centre SAS* consultant I have seen SAS code written by scores of different programmers. Some were new to SAS programming, while others had years of experience,. I have been thinking about what makes a '"GOOD" SAS I?rogram.. How should a SAS program be written so that it is readable, understandable, and easily maintained? I found it easier to describe the things that constitute IIBAD" techniques rather than define a formula for generating "GOOD" SAS code .. I plan a "tongue-ia-cheek!! review of "tec-hniques" I have encountered, followed by my "'rules of thumb" for generating what 1 consider reasonably "GOOD" SAS code .. This wi'll not be an exhaustive | proc step, sas base, macro facility, macro definition, proc print, array, proc sort | source | 6 |
| 49 | An Integrated Approach to Computer Systems for NDA Preparation and Presentation | Martin J. Rosenberg | Increasingly, pharmaceutical companies are attempting to enhance productivity by expanding the scope of their clinical information systems to embrace non-traditional users such as: investigators, in-house clinical staff, and FDA reviewers. As these systems become commonplace, companies are confronted with the prospect of having up to five different computer systems, each with incompatible data structures: a remote data entry system; a database management system for traditional date entry; a clinical data review system for use by in-house clinical staff; a statistical analysis system; and a computer assisted NDA review system (CANDA) | data science, dataset, clinical data, pharmaceutical industry, data review, clinical trial, proc step | source | 7 |
| 50 | An Integrated Environmental Information System (EIS) Implemented with Base SAS SAS/FSP SAS/AFP and SAS/OR Software | Leonard Bruckman, Richard Soj |
dataset, sas base | source | 6 | |
| 51 | An Introduction to Artificial Intelligences and the SAS System | David B. Malkovsky, H. John Maxwell |
This,paper is a 'general survey of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and concentrates on basic AI techniques, expert systems. and natural language processing. It begins with a definition of Al and compares it to conventional data processing. A few,of the various application areas using AJ techniques are discussed and | artificial intelligence, data wrangling | source | 6 |
| 52 | An Online Statewide Parole Revocation Tracking System Using SAS/SHARE Software | Wayne B. Finley, Martin McCrea |
Due to increasing workload and court pressure 1 the Board of Pr~son Terms was forced to create an on-line statewide parole revooation tracking system in f~ve weeks. Other products were considered l but SAS was selected because we were famil~ar with it and knew we could work quickly in ~tr and because SAS/SHARE allowed simul taneous file updating by multiple users. A TSO CLIST SAS/AF* application was implemented within five weeks which helped the Board of Prison Terms and the Califor nia Department of Corrections meet their legally 1mposed requirements to process a revocation hearing action within 30 days~ reducing the parole revocation process from an average of 70 days to an average of 32 days statewide~ The computer application, named REVTRACK, allows the parole division admin istrators to monitor revocation cases from the date of arrest/hold through the date of disposition. There are four critical mile stones which the system tracks |
proc step, libname statement | source | 4 |
| 53 | An Overview of MVA - A Philosophy of Hosting | John A. Toebes VIII | Version 6 of the SAS@ System has been success fully hosted on a wide variety of architectures. In order to. accomplish this feat} SAS Institute has es tablished a general philosophy of devdopment along with some specific guidelines to ease certain prob lems that have occured during the-development ef fort. This paper describes the basic approach. taken in this effort. Specific topics to be addressed include limitations of C compilers and the C language} ex ploiting machine features, multi-ma<:hine product confignration 1 and a general overview of the sys tem layering. Special emphasis is given to how the SAS System avoids a ~least common denominator' | by group processing, data step | source | 6 |
| 54 | An Overview of the SAS/C Compiler and Library | Tim Hunter | This paper describes the major features of the SAS/C compiler and library and discusses the development history oftha product. The enhancements in the current production release are outlined. Some possible enhancements for future releases are described |
string functions, decimal | source | 8 |
| 55 | An Unofficial Owner's Manual for User Group Officers and the NESUG Experience Continues | Hallett German, Lowell Mercier, Ray Pass |
sas base, data wrangling | source | 4 | |
| 56 | Analysis of a Repeated Measures Experiment with Missing Data | Richard R. Allen | proc calis, degrees of freedom, proc genmod, repeated measures, missing value, macro variable | source | 5 | |
| 57 | Analysis of Covariance: Multiple Covariates | George A. Milliken | ancova, covariance, null hypothesis, regression analysis | source | 10 | |
| 58 | Analysis of Nonreplicated Experiments with SAS/IML Software | Michael R. Emptage | interaction effect, null hypothesis, degrees of freedom, dataset | source | 5 | |
| 59 | Analysis of the Properties of Two Binomial Random Number Generators | J. Paul Costiloe, Andrew J. Cucchiara, Susan J. Kenny |
binomial distribution, sample, sample size, goodness of fit, numeric functions, probbnml, ranbin | source | 3 | |
| 60 | Analyzing Multiple Response Data Using the TABULATE Procedure | Tina Keene | Analyzing multiple response data with the SAse System is a diffi cult task. This paper provides one method of produclng a multiple _pon"" report using the TAIlUlATE procedure' n>e problems Involved In generating such a taDle are presantec:t. Also. the data manipulations necess.ary for preparing the data for the TABULATE procedure are discussed. Next, the PROC TABULATE statements needed to generate the report and the Iogk; behind the pe(centaga definitlons ara addressed. Special considerations for handling 'NO RESPONSE' Qbservatiolls are also discussed |
proc step, proc tabulate, proc freq, class variable, missing value | source | 6 |
| 61 | Analyzing Space-Use Data with a Harmonic Mean Estimator in the SAS System | Larry J. Layne, Paul F. Steblein |
Examinat~on of the utilization of geographic space is of importance to such disciplines as ecology. social science. and policy and planning. Characterizing the intensity of space use fram point data is central to this process. A harmonic mean estimator is one technique Ior estimating space-use, and is less biased than other estimators which use arithmetic means. A series of SAS programs have been developed which read geographic locations as Cartesian coordinates, identifies the coordinates for the harmonic-mean, and projects a three-dimensional representation of the intensity of use (from the first areal moments). Application of the programs are demonstrated using locational data from research projects on bighorn sheep and broad-winged hawks. Utility programs were also developed for managing data prior to the analysis. and exporting harmonic mean | harmean, data science, dataset | source | 5 |
| 62 | Application Development under SAS/SHARE Software | Peter S. Dillingham | proc step, data wrangling, macro definition | source | 3 | |
| 63 | Application Development Using SAS Software: A Case Study | Bruce Leister | batch job, proc sort | source | 4 | |
| 64 | Assessing Capability of a Bivariate Process with Emphasis on Hole Location | Douglas L. Berg, Melinda J. DeCoste, Robert Nagel |
confidence interval, correlation, quality control | source | 4 | |
| 65 | ATHENA: An Interactive Load Research Application Using Windows, and Macro Techniques | Burtt Blodgett, John Powers |
data cleaning, sas output | source | 4 | |
| 66 | Auditing the Premium Entry Function: A SAS System Case Study | Andrew P. Ragnes | A Premium Entry quality control system has been developed for the Premium Entry units of Fireman's Fund using basic SAS and an in-house SAS-based system. The Premium Entry quality control system has saved thousands of dollars by displaying policies which have been incorrectly entered. The developrnent of the Premium Entry quality control system is di scu s sed from a ca se study perspective | quality control, proc step | source | 2 |
| 67 | Automated Analysis of Linear-Plateau Models | Damon Disch | proc step, proc reg, dose, regression analysis, proc calis, proc glm, proc genmod, response variable, anova, degrees of freedom, macro variable | source | 6 | |
| 68 | Automated Maintenance of SAS Software | James O. Ward | The growth in size and complexity of the SAS System has made the task of maintenance more difficult for the System Administra· tor. This paper describes an automated system for managing the maintenance of SAS@ Software, and discusses the installation and use of such a system | date variable, macro facility | source | 3 |
| 69 | Automating the Process of Downloading SAS Data Sets to the PC | Bruce Nawrocki | dataset, proc step, macro variable, proc download, macro definition | source | 5 | |
| 70 | Balanced Design Estimation | Gordana Jelisavcic | regression analysis, predictor variable, ridge regression | source | 4 | |
| 71 | Batch Use of the EDITOR Procedure for Updating SAS Data Sets | Robert Rosofsky | proc step, data step | source | 4 | |
| 72 | Benchmarking the SAS System, Release 6.03 | C. Brian Towey | proc sort, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 73 | Best Presentation of Data-Color | Richard L. Baumann | proc step, if-then-else | source | 8 | |
| 74 | Best Presentation of Data-Monochrome | Kaison Yen | source | 12 | ||
| 75 | Building a Scientific Computing Environment Using the SAS System | Jody J. Fromer | correlation, data science | source | 2 | |
| 76 | Building Macro Based Systems | Howard Levine | macro variable, keyword parameter, %macro parameters, stored macro, macro parameter, macro definition | source | 7 | |
| 77 | But Will it Sell? Market-based Decision Systems Using SAS Software | Lee H. Evans | The concept of strategic marketing planning has become of paramount imponance within corporate marketing program~. Marl<eters must rely heavily on analytical tools for proper execution of profitable programs. The SAS System Is a useful tool to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of your marl<eting coordination and analysis. The strategic marketing function is comprised of specnic analysis components. Use of the SAS System within each of these functional marketing components is emphasized. Examples of system components are used to illustrate the time-savlng features and increased effectiveness available to market analysts through use of the SAS System. Companies trying to become more market oriented are accomplishing the task by changing the way they think about their products and seflfices and more importantly changing the wey they make decisions about the direction for those products and seflfices | proc step, time series analysis, sample, chi-square test, marketing mix, data science | source | 9 |
| 78 | Calculating the Wilcoxan Signed-ranks. Test Using Conover's Method | Anthony Carpentieri, Susan P. Duke |
rank test, macro variable, sample, proc step | source | 2 | |
| 79 | Calculation of Basic Statistics for BY Groups on Large Data Sets | Akos Felsovalyi | This paper describes a SAS macro which calculates and prints the basic statistics for BY groups without requir ing the data set to be sorted. The macro is designed for very large data sets when a sort by the BY variable(s) is very expensive. Using the macro I the user can execute a PROe MEANS request with BY groups specified, without having to sort the data set. The printed output of the macro is identical to that of | proc step, proc means, by group processing, proc print, dataset, macro definition, numeric variable, macro variable, macro loop | source | 6 |
| 80 | Clarifying High-Volume SMF Data from Multiple Data Centers to Provide Customers with Meaningful Information | Linda Sampey | cpu time, dataset, sample | source | 5 | |
| 81 | Codebooks and SAS DATA Steps Automated and Integrated with a SAS Program Generator | Jim Green | G..,......;.g oodebooks IUld writing ~ <lata ;"put _ can be automated aDd integrated to reduce programn:Ung time and elTOn. This a.utomation .-nd int~on can 'be; achieved wiog a. SAS program v.bich generates oodobooks .. wcll .. SAS code. Sad! a program is caOed rode gcucmt'" IUd m uu. appfu:otloo .... foui important advantageo: 1) I'r<IgnunmjDg time is red...,.,d. 2 Data iDj?ut pr<>grtUD6 ...,rain pn'cisoly IUd automatically tb<: il>farmaJicm in the CO<TeSpooding oodobooks. 3) Em:trs in. INPUT !Jf""-cifiCaMn are avoided. 4) CboDge< in oodeboolo; (e.g. a dccisIDn to .... a""'" ;"pol ficJd for ~ variable) ore made quicldy with INPUT specifications recalculated autotuaJicaOy. The system uses only base SAS software and an ASaJ text file. ColWIUI B.Dd line INPUT .specifications arc CQIIlfJlIted in the SAS system based on field ',yidth s,pecificacions.. The output of the: SAs code generator consists o( a codebook and a m.atchiag SAS data input program | data step, variable, dataset, raw data | source | 6 |
| 82 | Collection and Presentation of Online Response Data | Tom White | Response data for on-line CICS applica tions is recorded at the transaction level, classified by resource usage and response time, and stored in a SAS data base. Sub sequently, management oriented plots are generated with SAS/GRAPH, and PROC REPLAY is used to t::Ombine them in reports which draw attention to any non-com pliance with specified goals. This poster paper outlines the analysis methodology, discusses the motivation for each type of data display, and provides sample SAS code and SAS/GRAPH output |
proc step, proc means | source | 6 |
| 83 | Color Coding Schemes Using SAS/GRAPH Software | Leslie Worf | macro definition, sample | source | 3 | |
| 84 | Combining Expert System and Database Technologies with the SAS System | Kathryn Lawton | decided to combine all the contractor information. oreating the Contraotor This paper preseots the Contractor Information System. a menu-driven computer system for the United illuminating Company, an electric utility located in New Haven, Connecticut. Too System integrates the UI Contractor Insurance System. a PC-based Expert System using VP-Expert (an Expert System shell) and dBASEIII PLUs. with the UI Contractor Rates System. using the SAS system. This system provides an easy access to all authorized personnel for coocking the contractor'. insurance coverage and current billing rates. The interfaces between these three technologies show that Expert System and database technologies combined with highly interactive systems built with fourth Generation software such as the SAS system. can be effectively employed to improve productivity | flat file, macro variable | source | 4 |
| 85 | Combining SAS/AFB SAS/FSP, and SAS/DMI Software to Specify Parameters for Batch Jobs and Submit Them | Catherine C. FitzGerald | In economic analysis of time series, it is often helpful to plot the data in order to reveal underlying patterns. One type of plot is a tier chart in which monthly data for individual years are overlaid on one another. A TSO batch job to produce such charts from monthly data was developed. However/ in applications where many series need to be charted, this job must be edited repeatedly to specify the chart parameters associated with each series. To fa.;:ilitate this procedure, * SASiAF ,SAS/RSP and SAS/DMI bave been combined to create a menu-driven facility for editing and submitting these batch jobs |
batch job, time series analysis, first difference | source | 4 |
| 86 | Comparison of the QPRINT Procedure with the PRINT Procedure | Ann K. Doty, Jane Whitner |
proc step, proc print, label statement, by group processing | source | 6 | |
| 87 | Comparison of VMSORT, SyncSort, PLSORT and SORTT under VM/CMS Using Release 5.18 of the SAS System | Kirsty Nunez | The SAS Institute supplies son routine SORTI and sort interface routines for SyncSort-, VMSORT", PLSORT", and other sort utilities as part of Release 5.18 of the SAS System for VM/CMS. As Tulane Computing Services licenses both SyncSort and VMSORT, it was necessary to decide which sort utility to use as the default with the SAS System under VM/CMS in Tulane's environment. Using Release 5.18 of the SAS System installed under VM/CMS, four sort utilities were compared: VMSORT, SyncSort, PLSORT, and SORTI. Datasetscontainingfive integervariablespercase and 100, 1000, 5000, 10000,50000, lOOOOO,or250000records were sorted. The parameters examined include: Virtual time (VTIME), total time (TTlME), and Start I/O's for the SAS job execution; CPU time and main memory used for PROC SORT; and CPU time and main memory used for PROC PRINT. The results for PROC SORT CPU time show that SORTI is slower than VMSORT, SyncSort, and PLSORT |
proc step, proc sort, cpu time, main effect, anova, memory usage, proc glm, proc print, dataset, proc genmod, predictor variable | source | 5 |
| 88 | Complex Survey Computations Using the C Language | James W. Mergerson | sas base, sample size | source | 1 | |
| 89 | Computerized Database Management System for Clinical Research Data Using SAS/FSP Software, IBM DMS Panels, and IBM VM'""/SP REXX | LuAnn K. Johnson, Maria H. Siu |
dataset, sas base | source | 6 | |
| 90 | Computing the Standard Deviation from a Geometric Mean | Daniel R. Bretheim | standard deviation, geomean, sample, outlier | source | 3 | |
| 91 | Configuring Your PC To Run The SAS System | David C. Brumitt | While the SAS System for persona! computers will run on a PC/XT"" or compatible with 1 0 megabytes of disk space and 640 K of RAM, it is not recommended. This system will deliver extremely sluggish performance and will have little work spa.ce available. This paper recommends two machines for running the SAS System and discusses how to configure each of these to achieve the kind of performance with which you will be satisfied | case reserve, proc step | source | 7 |
| 92 | Confounding of Effects in Equal n Designs: Factorial ANCOVA | Scott E. Maxwell, Harold D. Delaney |
main effect, regression analysis, anova, ancova, sample, correlation, covariance, response variable, binary variable, partial correlation, cpu time | source | 6 | |
| 93 | Conversion of Running SAS Software from OS to VMS on a Local Area VAX Cluster | Ronald L. Copp, M. Gary Haskin |
dataset, clinical data | source | 3 | |
| 94 | Converting a SAS Data Set to a Flat File: A SAS/AF Software Application | Pan-Yu Lai, Hung-Ir Li |
flat file, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 95 | Converting SAS System for Personal Computers Files to OS Mainframe SAS Data Sets | Vicki S. Hertzberg, Jane C. Khoury, Philip R. Khoury, James E. Lockey |
Although PC SAS can be used for very many applications, sometimes it is necessary to move to mainframe SAS for data management. For example, the data on the PC must be incorporated into a database residing on the mainframe. Often the PC is underpowered in terms of speed, memory, or printer capacity. At mainframe sites using a 7171 protocol converter, the Micro-to-Host Unk is not supported under OS SAS version 5.16. We are involved in large occupational health studies, and rely heavily on PC's for data acqusition and entry. Hence, in order to upload data easily, we have developed a program which will output ASCII data from a PC SAS data set, and the statements needed to read the data back into OS SAS. The data file and the OS batch file can be uploaded to the OS mainframe, and the data can be read immediately into a SAS data library | dataset, proc step, proc contents | source | 4 |
| 96 | Creating a Quality-Control Report Generator for Complex, VariableLength Files' Using the SAS System and the C Programming Language | Michael K. Kring, Bryan D. Thompson |
The Lovelace Medical Foundation (LMF), a non-profit research organization, needed to prodnce quality-control rcports from com plex files generated by a personal computer (PC) controlled Computerized Flow Cytome ter (CFC). The CFC analyzed blood samples of persons who mayor may not have been exposed to toxic chemicals. The LMF Com puter Facility decided that a quality-control report generator using a C program and SAS [1] on LMF's MicroVax II (/.VAX) running VMS [2] was the most practical solution be cause, once the programs were written, the CFCresuits could be shipped, analyzed and stored on the Il VAX with one invocation of a BATCH command. SAS was chosen because of its powerful statistical package, its abil ity to easily read the complex files generated by the CFC, and its report-writing capabil ities. A program in C was needed because SAS could not determine the names of the numerous files produced by the CFC since they changed for each analysis | sample, put statement | source | 6 |
| 97 | Creating Custom Line Types for State Boundaries with the GMAP Procedure and the SAS Annotate Facility | Steven J. First | SAS/GRAPH" soflware through PROC GMAP and PROC GREMOVE provides an excellent way to produce choropleth maps for county, state, regional, or other boundaries. However because PROC GMAP draws adjacent polygons independently and as a resuh draws common segments between areas twice, it is not normally possible to choose different line types such as a dashed line for state boundaries, a dash·dot--dash pattern for intematlonaJ boundaries and so forth. This paper will explore the combination of PROC GREMOVE, PROC GMAP, and the SAS annotate facility to produce US regional maps with state boundaries drawn only once in a dashed line type. The technique will produce maps closerto what cartographers prefer, and it can be applied to any regional type map |
proc step, proc gmap | source | 6 |
| 98 | Creating High Resolution Graphics Interactively Using Base SAS SAS/ACCESS IDMSEXT, SAS/AFB and SAS/GRAPH Software | Matthew D. Leet | Thi. article will demonstrate a system for producing high resolution graphics interactively using SAS/ACCESS, SASjGRAPH , and SAS/AF products. A discussion of IDMSIR Logical Record Facility (LRF) and ClISTS will also be included. The recent release of SAS/ACCESS IDMSEXT procedure which incorporates the 'where clause' feature ,available through the IONS/Re LRF, enables the SAS programmer to access the IDMS database from within a SAS b.tch job or on·line interactively. The benefits of this new rele.se are that applications which previously h.d to run off batch COBOL extract files can now be made interactive saving computer resources and improving the quality of the d.ta for the user. I will attempt through the use of the following example to outline the steps required in order to develop an interactive application using SAS/AF , SAS/ACCESS , BASE |
proc step, where statement, macro facility, proc print, sas log, sas library | source | 5 |
| 99 | Creation of a User-defined Ad Hoc Reporting System Using SAS/AF Program Screens | Joel H. Smeby | Using the SAS System one can easily create an entry screen for the user to define ad hoc reports, to be output in simple ,columnar formats. The creation of such a system involves three steps: 1) Creation of a SAS dataset which contains the variable names and variable lengths of the file to be accessed. This is done using the PROC CONTENTS procedure with the 'out 1 qualifier; 2) Creation of a format table from the above-mentioned SAS dataset, to be used to access the lengths of the variables input by the user in order to properly format the report; 3} Creation of a SAS/AF Program Screen with SQL-type appearance for input by the user of variables desired, any subsetting required (to include/exclude records meeting certain criteria), the sort order to be output and the title of the report~ The report requested is then displayed on the termi,nal for verification by the user. The user is then queried as to whether or not a hardcopy version of the report is desired |
proc step, dataset | source | 2 |
| 100 | Data Engines for Version 6 of the SAS System under VMS | Darylene C. Colbert | This _ discusses Ille data library engines Ill .. are available under VMSnl fOf Version 6 of the SAS System. A discussion of engines in generaJ is presented, along with a discussion of the .specific engines available to the VMS user. Assigning engines to libraries and examples of using engines are described. This paper also discusses engine COOlp.,ibility issues and future directions of engine design fur VMS | dataset, work library, proc print, proc step, libname statement, proc sql | source | 4 |
| 101 | Data Quality Control Reporting in a Multisite Clinical Trial | Dana Le Tendre, Michael S. Shing |
This paper describes the Data Quality Control Reporting System for a multisite clinical trial using paper data collection forms. The system beqins with a Data Quality Control Form (DQCF) completed by Data control Technicians as they identify potential problems with the data 001- ~ection forms upon receipt. The DQCFs are entered into a microcomputer dBASE III* database before they are sent to the sites for resolution. After a site responds, the resolution is entered into the DQCF database~ Using SAS**I the dBASE III database and mainframe forms inventory file are integrated and a variety of re ports are produced. The reports are sent to the sites as part of a comprehensive feedback system to monitor and reduce data collection errors~ Data collected over a period of two years indicate that tha Data Quality Control Reporting System has had a major, positive impact on data collection quality | quality control, data controls | source | 3 |
| 102 | Data Sharing Using SAS/DB2 "Software | Barbara E. Lee, Andrew S. Schlegel |
macro variable, proc sql, data cleaning | source | 4 | |
| 103 | Database Access Made Easy | Louise M. McCrorie | FOf years, informatiQfl sloroad ill corporate databases has been unavailable to many users beCause they did not know database concepts and terminology. Now the Version 6 SAS/ACCESS~ Inter1aces provide transparent access to databases while still maintaining the database security. This paper presents an e)(am pie thatshaws how Version 5 SAS/ACCESS interfaces to data· bases provide users with database Informatioll. A new .,rocedure, the ACCESS procedure, is the key to this process |
dataset, proc step, where statement | source | 7 |
| 104 | Database Interfaces Under The Version 6 Engine Architecture | Emily P. Wallace | proc step, dataset, libname statement, view | source | 3 | |
| 105 | Database Management Techniques to Ensure Project Integrity | Susan Campbell, Jeffery Finkeldey |
sample, residual, correlation, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 106 | Debugging SAS Macros: A Cookbook Approach | Earl R. Westerlund | "The internction between SAS macro mde and ~J.rogrnm statements makes SAS macro, particularly , curt to debug. If an error occurs in a SAS macro, it could be in the macro code, in the SAS code generated by the macro, or even in SAS code preceding the macro. TIris tutorial will present a step-by·step, 'cookbook" | macro variable, macro definition, proc step, macro facility, macro conditional, proc print, &variable, proc means, sas log, macro put, error message, macro quoting function | source | 4 |
| 107 | Designing a Full-Screen SAS Interface for Your IMS Database | Eric C. Brinsfield | proc step, sample | source | 8 | |
| 108 | Designing an Expert System for Computer Performance Evaluation | Donald R. Deese | This paper oescribes our oesi9n and implementation of ;m expert system for computer performance evaluation (CPR). We explain objectives in designing an expert system for CPE *. 6xplain why a specific expert system development shell was selected, describe the structure of the expert system that resulted f>::om the design. ano provide examples of the rules comprising the expert system. An operational version of the expert system implemented for IBM's MVS1370 and MVS/XA is briefly described. IlITRODUCTION An expert system is a computer program that emulates the way that people solve problems. Like a human expert, an expert system gives advice by using its own store of knowledge that relates to a particular area of expertise. In expert systems terminology. the knowledge generally is contained in a knowledge base and the area of expertise is referred to as a knowledge domaLn | sample, dataset | source | 8 |
| 109 | Designing Complex Applications Using SAS/AF Screen Control Language | Eric M. Klusman | proc step, macro facility | source | 5 | |
| 110 | Determination of Polynomial Sums-of-Squares Contrast Coefficients: An Application of Model Reparametrization Results Using the GLM Procedure | Donna O. Fulenwider, Daniel R. Jeske |
proc genmod, regression analysis | source | 4 | |
| 111 | Determining the Roles of the SAS System and a Database Management System in Clinical Research | Mark J. Holdbrook | clinical research, proc sql, data science, data cleaning | source | 5 | |
| 112 | Developing a Refund Fraud Detection Program with. the SAS System | Linda McClamrock | vertical bar chart, data step | source | 3 | |
| 113 | Developing Device Drivers with the SAS Metagraphics Facility | David G. Ball | sample, proc step | source | 7 | |
| 114 | Developing IBM !SPF, DB2;' and SAA Applications With the SAS/C Compiler | Keefe Hayes | The SAS/C compiler provides a productive programming envi ronment for the development of effICient C programs. Together with the IBM products ISPF and DB2:" the application developer has a powerfUl combinaUon with which to deliver interactive user dialogs and SQl no database applications. For the future. SAS/C and Systems Application Architecture"" (8M) expand the poten tial 01 these products' by enhancing the portability of applications developed with them, |
proc sql, if-then-else | source | 6 |
| 115 | Development of a Departmental Interactive Menuing System Using SAS/AF Software and the Screen Control Language | Denis LeBrun | The Economic Development function in local governments has become more important in municipal administration during this decade. The administrations now have a powerful tool that will assist them in planning their economic development strategies. The City of Ottawa's Economic Development staff make use of a municipal economic database and analysis system ("OTEDS") to help them in their daily operations. Development of this system involved: SASI AF software and the Screen Control Lan~age (SCL throughout this paper); numerous statIStical procedures; report writing and calls to different subsystems written in dBASE ill + or SAS software. We shall discuss problems encountered during the development phase, and the solutions which were looked at will also be presented. Finally, staff trainin~ and implementation scenarios are discussed, with parttcular attention given to the choice of SCL as the main development tooi | regression analysis, symbol table | source | 5 |
| 116 | Development of an Interactive Health Care Data Input and Verification System with Version 5 of the SAS System under VMS | Joel H. Smeby | CCN, Inc is a health care management company that initiates and manages PPO's (Preferred Provider Organizations). This activity involves the input of med ical claims, data in order to provide the clients with contracted rates for each individual claim and to provide the company itself with data to maintain the various networks of providers of care and to ensure the privacy of contracted rates with the providers of health care from competitors. Using the SAS System as a "front-end" processor of large volumes of health care datal received in paper form and various electronic media, has allowed our company to guarantee high quality, error-free data for use by 'traditional SAS data analysis tools. Using SAS/AF and SAS/FSP@ software data entry personnel are prompted, through various means, for correction of errors |
data cleaning, proc format, proc step | source | 3 |
| 117 | DIFF: A SAS Program for Comparing Versions of Programs | Ted Clay | OIFF is a fUe-comparison utility program written as a $AS DATA STEP. It has proven to be a useful tool in keeping organized in an environment with many versions of programs used in similar applications. It compares versions of source code, producing a report of differences, either alone or integrated with a listing of one of the versions. the old and new sections are shown either side-by-side (pamllel) Of one above the other (me'lled). Input data can come either from two files, from a sequence of pairs of mes, or from two POS's with similarly named members. DJFF has ~rved a variety of uses: as a programmer's tool. for documenta:tlon, and in software validation |
character variable, macro variable | source | 3 |
| 118 | Discriminant Diagnostics | Peter A. Lachenbruch, Yong-Xiao Wang |
Diagnostic methods for discriminant analy sis are discussed. The equivalence with linear regression is noted and diagnostics used in that situation are con sidered. It is shown that both the leverage and Cook's distance are functions of the linear discriminant func tion and the distance of the observation from the group mean. Some examples are given. Key Words: MahalanQbis distance, Cook's distance, Leverage | covariance, cook's distance, mahalanobis distance, regression analysis, sample | source | 6 |
| 119 | Don't Do Anything You Don't Have to: Elementary Strategies for Processing Large Data Sets with SAS Software | Yevgenia D. Mackiernan | Thi:i paper discusses the kinds of computer resources large-file pnxenin,g uses and bow to estima~ RlSOUl'CC requirements to avoid. failed jobi. The examples given IU"e specific '10 batch processing on IBM mainframes ruQning OS, but many of the principles apply to Qther processing milieux a:i well. The paper eOl;lcludes with an example illustrating some of the simplest. most frequently mistm:detstood. and largest-impact way! 10 nxI.ucc resource we | proc step, dataset, work library, sample | source | 9 |
| 120 | Dynamic Screen Generation Using Formats: The Case against Hard-Coding | Louise Weiler | All of us who have ever had to modify a SAS pro gram know that making one little change "here" can affect something we haven't anticipated "there." SASI AF systems are particularly vulnerable to change be cause 01 the complex relationship between screen vari ables, macro variables, SAS Variables, and, in Version 6, SeL variables, Making a little change "here" to a screen can have a devastating effect "there" in the behavior 01 the system. Within ordinary SAS programs, you can sometimes avoid having to make oode changes by using table lookup techniques. These techniques are widely rec ognized to improve both efficiency and maintainability. Within SAS/AF systems, the same principle applies you can avoid making those little changes to screens by dynamically generating the screens rather than hard coding them |
proc step, macro variable, proc format, dataset, variable, likelihood function | source | 5 |
| 121 | Effective Methods of Testing Using SAS Software | Neil H. Howard, James B. Pearson Jr., Greg Raines, Linda Williams Pickle |
proc step, proc print, sas log | source | 10 | |
| 122 | Effectively Grappling with Graphics | Chris Potter | proc step, proc gchart, proc gplot, bar chart, regression analysis | source | 10 | |
| 123 | Efficiency Techniques for Improving I/O and Processing Time in the DATA Step | Neil H. Howard | Saving money 15 uppermost in the minds of DP managers. and the SAS SY$le III il ce:rlainly a "pr-ogram mer efficient" Lool~ minimal SAS code is: req\Jired to perCorm traditio.D.ally code intensivE! lasks. Gratification and and results ar~ immediate. Afamillarquate su.gge,U that tbe SASSys-lem is easy to use. and just 8a easy to abuse. Beoe:auS>e the SAS System is becoming im:reasingly popular as a development loot 11 is ('"eotial 10 eV!lIuatil;l' 1ecbnique:s for lis effective use. This tutoda~ will d.efiD.e efficiency,,:suggest fal;.'ton to be wnsi~ere.:! in Pleasuring efficiency. and provide compari:tODsof lecho.iqueslhal im.prove efficiency. A pritnary area where the SAS System Clln be used more efflt-ctively is: lIO. It shouJd be noted that -over 90J. CJt 1be proce"ing time in any siven p:rogram involVe, readin& and/ol' writing data (reference 1). Tbi:; tutorial will illustute how to avoid unnece:;:sa.ty 110. mini-mite pD:ssesoC the data, and oontrol rell,,-write LQQPs | proc step, if-then-else, conditional do loop, proc format, dataset, proc append | source | 6 |
| 124 | Efficient Repeated Generation of Random Samples | Laura L. Bauer, Hank Leddon |
sample, sample size, data step, batch job, macro definition, cpu time, macro facility | source | 6 | |
| 125 | Enhancing FSEDIT Procedure Applications | Annette T. Harris | With Screen Control Language (SeL) of Version 6 of the SAS System, the power of the FSEOIT procedure has gained a new perspective. "This paper covers cross validation of variable val ues, customization of messagea that can be provided to the end user, doubfe-entry availablity, and the use of CALL DISPLAY for integration with the SASfAF@ software | proc step, dataset | source | 3 |
| 126 | Enhancing SAS/GRAPH Output with the Annotate Facility | Steven J. First | The SAS IGRAPH Annotate faCility allows the user to enhance graphics created with SAS/GRAPH software. This paper presents the basic concepts of the Annotate facility and introduces the audience to text placement, symbol placement, line drawing, polygon construction, map labeling, custom legends, and line types. Also covered are SAS Institute provided annotation macros and advanced functions to allow complex labeling and freehand graphics |
proc step, bar chart | source | 10 |
| 127 | Enhancing SAS/SHARE Software Capability Dataset, Control, Locking, And Enqueueing | Brian Perkinson | SASfSHARE~ softwarl;l allows two or more users to update a SAS- ~ta library simultaneously. The key 10 SAS(SHARE soft ware Is a separate SAS execution caJled the server, which per forms read and write operations. on- behalf of the users who are sharing a library, When a read or write request from a user COfI fticts with ongoing activities of other users, the serv&f reJects the requilst and the Usaf'S PROC or DATA STEP does not ex6CtJte. SASfSHARE software itSelf offers no way to avoid these con flicts. However, sites licensing SASjSHARE software can use exits from the SAS System to implement SAS source statements lila! enable a SAS program to check t.,.. conflicts before lIley 0CCUf or tQ wait until the required data set is available for process ing. These statements enable a SAS programmer to preserve the natural design of an application and take full advantage of 8AS/SHARE software without risking lhe integrity of the data involved |
proc step, sysrc, dataset, macro variable | source | 5 |
| 128 | Enhancing the Visual Impact and Clarity of Graphics Output Using the Customizing Power of the Annotate = Data Set | Karen Lacy Helsel | proc step, proc gplot, data step, proc means, raw data, character variable | source | 6 | |
| 129 | Estimating Stochastic Coefficient Models with the SAS System | Charles B. Hallahan | One of the many assumptions of the classical linear regression model is that the parameter vector & remains fixed over the estimation period. There are situations. particularly in econometric modeling attempting to account for either structural change OVer time or differences across obseIVational units, in which it makes sense to allow for coefficient variation. As Keynes commented in 1938, "The coejJU;ients arrived at are apparently assumed to be constant for 10 years or for a larger period. Ye~ surely we know that they are not constant. There is no reason at all why they should not be different every year~" Attempts to cope with changing parameters lead Johnston to comment (see 10, p. 410) | time series data, panel data, time series analysis, covariance, regression analysis, residual, likelihood function | source | 6 |
| 130 | Estimating the Minimum Total Error-Squares Weight Parameter for the Geometric Moving Average | Melvin T. Alexander, Christine Macklin |
This paper describes a SAS macro which computes the weighting constant (w) of the Geometric Moving Average (Gf4A). An iterative least-squares procedure proposed by Hunter (1986) is employed to select w which provides the best forecast of observations useful in time-series, inventory control, and quality control applications | quality control, sas base, moving average, proc step | source | 6 |
| 131 | Estimating the Translog Functional Form and Calculating Elasticities with Standard Errors: An Application of the IML Procedure | Gary S. Klonicki | proc iml, proc step, proc calis, estimate, proc genmod, covariance | source | 6 | |
| 132 | Estimation of Error Rates in Discriminant Analysis by Bootstrapping | Jacques Delince, F. Javier Gallego |
sample, bootstrap, proc step, training set, macro definition, confusion matrix | source | 5 | |
| 133 | Examining the Relationship between Survival Time and Time-dependent Covariables Using the PHSPLM Procedure | Frank E. Harrell Jr., James E. Herndon II |
hazard function, proc phreg, confidence interval, regression analysis, restricted cubic spline, proc step, sample, response variable, estimate, sample size | source | 6 | |
| 134 | Expectations for a Fourth Generation Language | Darius S. Baer | data governance, proc step | source | 10 | |
| 135 | Expected Variation of Study-Specific Vaccine Efficacy Estimates | Claire V. Broome, Lee H. Harrison, Allen W. Hightower |
sample size, sample, odds ratio | source | 3 | |
| 136 | Exploiting SAS System and DCL System Features to Replicate an MVS CLIST Management Reporting System under VMS | Casey Cantrell, Douglas G. Wahl |
macro variable, batch job, proc step, sample, macro definition, group by | source | 4 | |
| 137 | External Language Interface to Version 6 of the SASSystem for PC Data Sets | Stephen L. Gilles, R. David Sisemore |
In a modern distributed processing PC environ ment, situations arise where users may need to access select portions of existing databases to process or transfer data utilizing techniques not always best suited to the existing applications development environment. In the case of large SAS' data sets iu a local or network PC environ meut, ·users may need to selectively retrieve or snbset data records to produce reports, new files, or transfer data to other applications. Often, such file processing requirements, although possible to accomplish within the SAS system, may not, based on the situation, be feasible due to processing speed or system overhead requirements of a standard SAS application. Providing such file access capabilities to SAS datasets while maintaining fnll SAS dataset com patibilityand integrity inspired the development of the user interface tools which are the subject of this paper | dataset, sample | source | 5 |
| 138 | Fast-Tracking for the Clinical Scientist Using SAS Software | Caroline M. Bobik, Arthur C. Singer |
proc step, proc sort | source | 6 | |
| 139 | Field Reliability Assessment Using the Proportional Hazards Model | Stephen Freitas, Raymond V. Spring |
sample, regression analysis, proc phreg, sample size, likelihood function, dose, randomization, prior probability, hazard function, life table, binomial distribution | source | 5 | |
| 140 | File Locking Facility for SAS/SHARE Software | Michael R. Gibson | batch job, modify statement, proc step | source | 5 | |
| 141 | First Time User Experiences Using the. SAS/C Compiler | Keith A. Carter | Thts paper dtseusse$ first time l,lser expe riences on the IBM ma1nn-ame. The apectftc ltI"eaa that wi 11 be covered are: l1nklng Mult1-1anguage programs Us 1ng trut $A$lC Oebvgger Dpt lmtzat ion Par-t1ng code and ANSI C Standards 1 lmklng Ml.l!tllanguage Programs Uuge of the JNDep option: The INDep compHer cpt10n he two U$es; fll-lSt Is to allow C code to be called directly fran other h1gh~level languages, Seeond. 15 to allow C code to exeelolte in the abnnee of of the C runtime llb~a~y_ - Compl1e all C code that may be called from the other language with I~p and l1nkedH normally, whether- the function is named malnO Of" not. e code compl1ed wtth INDep can be called frem FORTRAN, COBOL, PlJ, or any other language that uses standard IBM linkage conventions. ~now that many hIgh level languages require their own execlltlon fr8ll'leWOrk (whh:::h \5 a collection of data and ~utlnes .upporUng the execuUon "de) . ~ W'h$n ¢ontro1 pus,", to C, the C frwneworK must be a.ct1ve. therefore | source | 5 | |
| 142 | Generation of Form Letters with SAS Software | John B. Nail | This paper describes the use of SAS to prepare duplicate letters used to offer secondary material, held in the field, to prospective buyers. The system-makes use of data held in exis ting SAS data sets created to record customer quality problems and one spec ial data set dedicated to buyer infor mation. The existing SAS data sets are searched to find the observation deal ing with the material and then codes are entered to indicate which buyers are to receive the offering. The pro gramming replaces handwritten letters and extensive copier work | dataset, insurance claims, macro put, proc step | source | 5 |
| 143 | Generic SAS Programs: User Control Using REXX | Arthur L. Carpenter | It is not unusual for several slightly different SAS programs to be written which do similar analyses. Often a prototype program is developed and then modified over the course of time into a series of programs. Perhaps all the programs are the same except for differ ent input data bases or analysis vari ables. The maintenance of parallel programs such as these is very diffi cult. If a change must be made in one, then it must be made in all versions of the program. It is much easier to write and maintain one generalized program that will satisfy all of the users'l needs. There are several methods of either converting SAS programs into boiler-plate or generic programs that can be used for multiple purposes. SAS macros and SAS AF are used extensively for this purpose. There is an additional need for non-SAS (yes, Virginia, there is non-SAS software) to interact direct ly with SAS programs | proc step, proc contents, proc print | source | 4 |
| 144 | Handling Multicollinearity with SAS/IML Software: Ridge Regression on the PC | Gary William Carr, Gerald Tlapa |
regression analysis, ridge regression, correlation, predictor variable, macro variable, proc reg, mse, response variable, sas output | source | 8 | |
| 145 | Harvesting Information: Data Cleanup and Analysis Techniques | Gary F. Plazyk | proc step, input statement, proc contents, put statement, raw data, sysdate9, sample, character variable, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 146 | HBS-QUERY: Painless and Efficient Database Access Using the SAS System, REXX and XEDIT under CMS | Barry Feldman | dataset, feature selection | source | 6 | |
| 147 | How to Establish a Forecasting System with SASSoftware | Joel Fingerman | time series analysis, proc step, time series data, predictor variable, confidence interval, proc autoreg, sample, response variable, residual, proc reg, estimate, regression analysis | source | 10 | |
| 148 | How to Perform Jonckheere's Test Using the CORR Procedure | E. Jacquelin Dietz, Richard W. Morris |
sample, alternative hypothesis, proc corr, proc step, correlation | source | 3 | |
| 149 | How to Teach the SAS System to Write Your Next SAS Program | William R. Greenwood, Steve G. Holson |
proc step, proc format | source | 3 | |
| 150 | Illustrating Base SAS SAS/FSP;, and SAS/GRAPH Software in Epidemiologic Investigations | Dennis Deapen, Flora Fung, Janice Schaefer |
proc step, confidence interval, proc freq | source | 6 | |
| 151 | Illustrating Confidence Intervals Using SAS Software | Julie Wildman-Pepe | This paper uses SAS* software to create a graphiCAl representation of a 95% confidence interval for the mean~ A | confidence interval, proc reg, proc step, by group processing, response variable, regression analysis | source | 6 |
| 152 | Implementing Classifier Systems in the SAS System | Leonard S. Lutomski | Classifier systems are parallel, rule-based machine learning systems. They are one member o-f a broad class of adaptive systems that includes neural networks. economic systems, and ecologies. Such systems invulve a lafge number of diverse units that interact both competitively and cooperatively and that change over time so as to adapt to their environing conditions. Oassifier systems have been used, with varying success.. to model the induction of expert knowledge required to regulate gas pipeline transmission, discover scheduling heuristics. and model idealized animal populations. This paper is an introductory discussion of classifiel' systems. It briefly discusses their stmcture. inherent problems, and Stltne alternative approaches: to genetic learning. The SAS code for a simple classifier system that learns to traverse a finite state world is presented in an appendix | macro variable, artificial intelligence | source | 6 |
| 153 | Improving Performance in Statistical Analysis of Large Data Sets: Vector Processing of SAS Code | Bruce Fogarty, Leigh A. Ihnen |
proc genmod, data wrangling | source | 6 | |
| 154 | Improving Program Efficiency through Coding Techniques | Daniel E. Lodter | Recent improvements in mainframe price/performance ratios have lulled many analysts and programmers into believing that program efficiency is no longer important. Yet excessive resource usage is usually the ultimate cause 'of poor online response time, l~mg batch turnaround, and inflated computer cnargeback bills. It is risky and expensive to rely on hardware upgrades to solve these problems, _and system tuning is limited in its effect. Programmers must go onE step farther by practicing application tuning. The SAS System has grown far beyond its beginnings as primarily a statistical analysiS package. Many installations now develop major applications written in the SAS programming language. Although SAS software promotes structured code, users often -put too little effor-t into finding and applying other resource-saving techniques. This paper outlines several uses of SAS code that yield savings in CPU time~ memory usage, I/O processing and disk storage | proc step, dataset, proc means, elapsed time, numeric variable, cpu time, sas library, input statement, sample, data science | source | 6 |
| 155 | Improving SAS System Support at a Large Site | Bruce F. Gilsen, Berton Shankman |
libname statement, sample | source | 5 | |
| 156 | Improving the Quality of Survey Data: WESTAT's Computer Assisted Coding and Editing (CACE) System | David L. Bayless, James E. Smith |
error message, quality control | source | 4 | |
| 157 | Index Your Book with the DATA Step Language | Jay A. Jaffe | dataset, out= | source | 4 | |
| 158 | Inside the DATA Step | Jeffrey A. Polzin | This paper presents an ov~tview of the internals of the Version 6 DATA stept deseribing the various phases of the DATA STEP: compilation, resolution and code gen eration, and runtime execution. The <:ompiler trans forms the DATA STEP SAS sonrce code into an inter mediate representation 'Of the source l along with data tables describing the varia hIes defined, data set usage 1 external file llsage} and other information detailing the attributes of the DATA STEP program. The 'resolution and code generation phase operates OR the intermedi ate representation of the DATA STEP program and the data. tabli:s to resolve the types, attributes, and storage requirements of variahles 1 to allocate da.ta. areas} and to emit maehine code for each of the host environments. The runtime execution phase supports the execution of the DATA STEP program, SAS data set IIO, external file I/O, functions, etc |
dataset, execution phase | source | 6 |
| 159 | Integrating New Applications Tools in Version 6 | John McIntyre, Richard Roach, Jill Sarisky |
This paper describes an application that integrates new features of Release 6.06 SAS' software. Access to database tables is dis cussed, focusing on the ACCESS procedure. Combining data from database tables with SAS data sats by using the Sal proce~ dure is then highlighted. The interactive report writer, the REPORT procedure. is discussed. showing how data can be grouped and analyzed in various ways. A user application is then presented using screen control language (Sel). an enhancement to SAS/AF" and SAS/FSP' software |
dataset, proc step, select, proc report, order by, group by, libname statement, sas output, proc sql | source | 11 |
| 160 | Introducing New Documentation for the SAS System | Brenda Kalt, Helen Wolfson |
sas base, proc step | source | 5 | |
| 161 | Introduction to Arrays | Robert Virgile | array, dataset, sample | source | 6 | |
| 162 | Issues Related to Analyzing Repeated Measurement Data | Ramon C. Littell, Jane Pendergast |
null hypothesis, sample, proc step, degrees of freedom, response variable, proc anova, anova, covariance, f-test, correlation, likelihood function | source | ||
| 163 | It's 11 p.m. Do You Know What Your SAS Users Are Doing Tonight? | June R. Genis | 'The StaufonJ Data Center has installed code to utilize one of the user exits which are currently defined in Technical Report Y-I08: User Exil Facilities for the SAS System Ver sum 5. Our exit produces a local SMF recoId type when a SAS PROC or DATA STEP is invoked in MVS batch orTSO. 'These records are in tum analyzed with SAS. This paper summarizes the difficulties we encountered in implementing the exit. what we have been able to learn about our SAS user community from the data, and what additional data we would like to have but does not seem to be available |
proc freq, proc step | source | 11 |
| 164 | Keeping Data Integrity in Large Corporations | Martin J. Godkin | dataset, production run, raw data, flat file | source | 4 | |
| 165 | Learning C with the SAS/C Compiler, Student Edition | Gary H. Merrill, Dee Stribling |
By des'Yn, the C languag.e is a flexible and powerful tool for soft~ ware de~lopm<l C encourages modular progl'8.mtning and affi oion~ portable awllcatlons. This paper ptOVides Introductory | sample, odds ratio | source | 7 |
| 166 | MACPAGE: A SAS Macro for Enhancing Reports | Kathleen D. Edwards, John Henry King |
This paper des<:ribes a macro which allows the user 10 enhance the presentation quality of SAS reports. SpedfkaUy, the macro generates page numbers in a variety of styl~~ it differentiates zeros from the lettEr "0" by overstrikin9 the zeros with a .. ,.., it hikes up the underscore to mimic the appearance of an overstrike, and it allows for the adjustment of the top and left margins. The top margin adjustment is similar to the SAS SKIP option. The macro uses PROC PRINTTO and a DATA STEP to accomplish these enhancements. The reports which use the page numbering feature can be generated by PUT statements. from procedurE calls or by a combination of these methOds. The pla<.ement of the numbers can be right. left. Or' centef justified and can appear on any line of the page. The user can also define the starting page number. Some of the stytesavailable iru:lude: pagep pagepofn pofn a·p (where a is an appendix number) The ma<:ro uses PROC PRINTTO and is called twke by the user |
macro variable, %if-%then-%else, proc printto, proc step, macro loop | source | 4 |
| 167 | Macro Bells And Whistles For Version 6 | Lynn Hannah Patrick | macro facility, macro variable, %if-%then-%else, variable list, macro definition | source | 4 | |
| 168 | Macros: A Few Uses to Get You Started | Michael M. Brown | Due to the fact that MACROs are a large. complex~ self-contained language, within an ever growing software system, figuring out where and how to use them can be difficult. Also. since there are always novice pro grammers appearing each year. reiterating MACRO uses becomes necessary_ Therefore, this paper will present four ways to put the MACRO language to work. The first example shows how to create a block of statements for inclusion in other areas of the job. The second example. demonstrates a repetitive variable replacement within a block of state ments. The third example shows how to use the %LET statement in the PROC STEP. Last, a use for the SYMGET statement will be demon strated. The examples presented attempt to do so in a simple straightforward fashion; and when put to use they can become powerful |
proc step, macro variable, macro definition | source | 7 |
| 169 | Make a Date with the SAS System | William R. MacHose | macro variable, data step | source | 2 | |
| 170 | Making SAS/SHARE Software Bend Over Backwards Or Converting From A Single to a Multi-user System | Alesia Frerichs, Ria Murakeozy |
Th is paper out lines the neces·sary steps il"lvolv'ed and the difficulties encountered in transferring a systeM desig~ed for a single user environment into a SAS/SHARE based system. Before shared access capability, users had to be satisfied with waiting their turn to update data. The., full scope of the SAS DATA STEP was then available for data valida tion, deletion, time-stamping, a.nd other types of variable Manipulation B~t users' became restless, saying~ "this is the 80's what about multi user access?" SAS/SHARE is an application that can be adapted to existing code to solve thi-s problem. Converting the editing portions of the system to a SAS/SHARE environ ~ent is relatively straight f'orward. However, retaining the eMtra enhanceme'nts that use the da.ta |
proc step, proc append, data step | source | 3 |
| 171 | Making Your SAS Software Skills Portable | Marjorie Bedinger, Kirk Paul Lafler |
OVer the years the SAse System has evolved from a single environment to a multi-environment, multi-version system. Consequently, major new advancements have been introduced to simplify and improve the way we interact with the software. It may be a sign of the times, but our desire to access information residing on a variety of environments is on the rise. The level of consistency between the different environments and versions is extremely high. Still, confusion exists, especially sinc;;e some statements, commands, and/or conventions may not work when transported between environments. This paper presents areas causing concern when transferring skills between a multi-environment, multi-version SAS System. In addition, guidelines are presented to minimize this confusion. INlllODUCTION This paper discusses some of the stumbling ~ocks when trying to port one's SA$ software skills between the environments of mainframe OS. Release 5.18 and micro, Release 6.03 | proc step, sas output, dataset, where statement, proc upload, run, options statement | source | 6 |
| 172 | Managing IDMS/R Area Utilization: A SAS/ACCESS Interface to IDMS/R Beta Release Pilot | Douglas Austin | Managing the utilization of Cullinet's Integrated Database Management System/Relational (IDMS/R) database areas is typically one of the database administrator's most time consuming responsibilities. Although various detail reports are available to provide the DBA with a status or 'snapshot' of the current database area utilization t the need exists to track area growth over time. A graphical representation which allows analysis of trends and forecasts will assist the OBA in avoiding "full area" situations. These situations can cause processing against IDMSjR database areas to come to a halt. This presentation discusses the implementation of an on Application Development System/Online (ADS/D) graphics application, the Area Util.ization Management System. which util izes the Cullinet Logical Record Facility (LRF) and the SAS/ACCESS Interface to IDMS/R beta release |
dataset, proc step | source | 6 |
| 173 | Manufacturing Measurements: Using SAS Systems Graphics, Templates, and the Annotate Facility | Kay Favell, Linda Scott |
proc step, dataset | source | 5 | |
| 174 | MICHELLE: Statistical Graphics Library | Dorothy Hu Huang, Malini Krishnan, Grace Yeh |
sample size, qq plot, sample, box plot, macro variable | source | 6 | |
| 175 | Migration fromHost Processing to Micro Processing: A Conversion Task List | Marian M. Miller | Today, laboratory instruments are being equip ped with personal computers for control and data acquisition. Data reduction once performed by the mainframe eomputer is no~ being moved to the personal computer level for integration. This paper addresses procedures for downloading SAS* software, data sets and screen catalogs, It identifies the statements that need to be searched for, then modified or deleted. It identifies three main areas where code has been replaced to take advantage of the enhanced features of the PC version | dataset, proc step, sample, data cleaning | source | 4 |
| 176 | Modeling Policy Impact | Daniel R. Bretheim | outlier, proc freq | source | 5 | |
| 177 | Modular Programming Processes New - Traffic Data into SAS Database | Gary R. Cowan, Barbara C. Hertzog |
New high tech methods of capturing traffic information generate very large quanti ties of raw data which must be checked for accuracy and put into standard format before being made available fer analysis an~ research. This paper describes the modular methodology developed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) to shape a powerful SAS traffic database updated monthly with data gathered electronically at various locations statewide.. Program modules allow for jUdgement and intervention at appropriate stages of data reduction, diagnostic procedures, and for SAS to detect and remove equipment malfunction errors .. The process illustrated uses data from permane"t recorder stations th~t operate continuously, 365 days a year, counting' all passing traffic, by direction and lane, and classify that traffic into one of four groups by length of vehicle. Totals in each group are taken and recorded by preset intervals | sample, character variable | source | 6 |
| 178 | Monotone Regression Utilizing Ranks | William Jay Conover, Ronald L. Iman |
regression analysis, sample, proc reg | source | 3 | |
| 179 | Most Creative Use of the Software-Color | Mark T. Stetz | proc step, input statement | source | 9 | |
| 180 | Most Creative Use of the Software-Monochrome | Leslie Worf | proc step, dataset, regression analysis, likelihood function, proc sql, libname statement, anova, class variable, data science, time series analysis, outlier, confidence interval, input statement, missing value, sample, life insurance, macro variable, repeated measures, sysrc, correlation, output delivery system, by group processing, format statement, maximum likelihood estimation, proc gplot | source | 116 | |
| 181 | Moving a SAS/AF Applications System from the Mainframe to the PC | W.D. Hutchison, Geoffrey Wheatley |
This paper discusses integration of PCs and workstations into a SAS mainframe based computing environment. The charac teristics. components, and users of a comprehensi ve SAS-based computing envi ronment are described. The appropriate roles for multiuser and single user com puters are explored, along with issues of portability, conversions and information systems management | proc step, data analyst | source | 4 |
| 182 | Multivariate Models for the Analysis of Crossover Experiments | Vernon M. Chinchilli, Ronald K. Elswick |
Crossover experiments pose unique problems with respect to statistical analysis. Usually. the statistician relies upon a mixed model analysis of variance with terms for fixed effects, such as sequence, treatment, period, and possibly carryover~ and terms for random effects, such as subject nested within sequence. The mixed model analysis of variance results in a covariance matrix for the set of measurements on each experimental unit which is of compound symmetry. It is questionable as to whether this assumption is valid, so that multivariate models which do not make this restrictive assumption might be more appropriate. However, the multivariate analysis of variance model, in which no structure is imposed upon the covariance matrix, cannot accomodate the crossing over to other treatments. This article considers alternative models, which are more general than the mixed model analysis of variance, for analyzing croSsover experiments | covariance, anova, compound symmetry, proc mixed, proc glm, proc step, restricted maximum likelihood, covariance structure, treatment period, confidence interval, fixed effects, baseline, clinical trial, maximum likelihood estimation, repeated measures, data science, treatment effect, proc genmod, likelihood function | source | 5 |
| 183 | Narrowing the Communication Gap: Expanding the Information Center - Client Connection | Sandra Robinson, Dusty Teaf |
statistical software, sample | source | 5 | |
| 184 | Network Options Running the SAS System under HP-UX " | Douglas Austin | dataset | source | 2 | |
| 185 | New Directions in SAS/QC Software | Paul Bachteal, Robert N. Rodriguez |
proc means, quality control | source | ||
| 186 | Nonlinear Measurement Error Model Parameter Estimation Using the SAS System | Daniel Schnell | Measurement errQr aodels involve independent vari ables whioh are observed with error. These *cdels are said to be nonli~ar if they ar~ nonlinear in eitber th~ independent variabl~s or the unknown paraaeters. A~proa¢heG to PArameter esti.ation for nonlinear Measure.ent error .odels which can be i ... ~le.ented 'Using the SAS ll1yste. aM presented. E.phasis is on an iteratiVe proeeOl;rre for implicit moo.cls with a lar.e nwaber of observations~ I. Introduction The distinguishing featu~ of aeasurement error aodels. also calJed "errors-in-variables'" models, is the provigion tor independent variables "hieb are not directly observable. Suoh a model can be written as t",1.2, **** n where the vectora (YtZ It' are observed and-~ is a vector of fixed but unknmm. par_eters. The model is said to be nonlinear if -the funct.ion g(.) is nonlinear ~n either It or p ~ The true values of the independent variables | predictor variable, proc step, proc nlin, likelihood function | source | 6 |
| 187 | Nonlinear Regression Analysis of a Biexponential Model Using Various Methods of the NLIN Procedure of SAS Software | J. Paul Costiloe, Andrew J. Cucchiara, R. B. Deal Jr., Susan J. Kenny |
Nonlinear mod"el fitting bas become an area of actiVe research in recent decades and has been aided ,reatly by the advent of high speed computinw;. Implementations of the Gradient, Newton, modified Gauss-Newton, Marq,uardt and DUD methods for nonlinear regression estimation are readUy available in the NUN' procedure of the SAS Institute. The | standard deviation, sample, sample size, regression analysis, proc nlin, proc step | source | 6 |
| 188 | Normal and Nonparametric Two-sided Tolerance Limits | Richard H. Browne | Two-sided tolerance limits should be used to set limits on a certain proportion of a population. All too commonly. researchers use the mean plus or minus two standard deviations to cover 95% of a population's values. This covers significantly less that 95% if the mean and standard deviation are estimated from the data. Tolerance limits are used in many aspects of quality assurance and assessment of the repeatability of laboratory values, Tolerance limits for normal distributions, though, require the use of the non-central t distribution, which is not available in SAS. This paper provides a MACRO for computing those limits using the Wald Wolfowitz approximation. If the data is not normally distributed, nonparametric tolerance limits should be used. Even if the deviation from normality is relatively small, recent work has shown that the use of normal distribution tolerance limits may yield poor results. Thus. one needs the capability of computing nonparametric tolerance limits | standard deviation, sample, degrees of freedom, normal distribution | source | 3 |
| 189 | Nuclear Plant Component Surveillance Implemented in SAS Software | Kenny C. Gross, Keith E. Humenik |
It has become common practice in nuclear power plants to install redundant sensors for mOriitoring criticai physical variables (pres sures, temperatures, radiation levels, etc.). ThiS paper reports on the desi gn and testing of an extremely sensitive component-operabil.., ity surveillance algorithm that 1s based on the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). The SPRT technique, implemented in SAS@ soft ware. processes the stochastic components of digitized signals from identical sensors on two or more components in an operating re actor for detection and annunciation of off normal operation. Information made available from the SPRT can provide a reactor operator with early identification of the incipience or onset of conditions that could 1 ead to plant operational degradations thereby enabling him or her to terminate or av.:oid events which might Challenge safety or radio logical performance guidelines | proc step, sample | source | 5 |
| 190 | One Solution for Standardized Reporting and Easy Access to Complex Data Structures Using SAS Macros | Paul OldenKamp | by group processing, if-then-else | source | 6 | |
| 191 | Optimization with Simulated Annealing | Hugh Smith | Ftndlng a global optimum value for an objective function with many degrees of freedom subject to conflicting constraints is a combinatorially explosive problem. This paper will review an approach to these types of problems based on a analogy to concepts in statistical mechanics. A SAS version of the algorithm is used to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem. These techniques have proved to be useful in VLSI design and are the basis for several Neural Network algorithms currendy being used to solve AI problems. Applications and limitations of these teclmlques are reviewed | neural network, proc step | source | 4 |
| 192 | Outlier Selection in Non-11D Linear Models with Applications to Variance Components | Thomas Gerig, Gerardo I. Hurtado |
This paper discusses a linear model with positiveddinite cova.riance matrix - not necessarily diagonal, and extend some diagnostics that exist for the standard linear regression model to covel mixed models. A Diagnostic tool for Variance Components is pwposed. KEY WORDS: Variance Components, Diagnostics, Mixed Lin ear Model, Maximum Likelihood. 2 Diagnostics for Fixed and Random Effects 2.1 Diagnostics for Fixed Effects Consider the model equation y:::.: Xa+ IE (1) where X i.s a known matrix, " a vector of parameters and E a random vector with pd variance-covariance matrix V ::: q~H for some H pd and 0'; > O. The estimation of a is a generalized least squares problem, with solution (2) provided V is known. If V is unknown, it is customary tu replace it for some estimator V. In this section, assume that H is known | maximum likelihood estimation, fixed effects, proc mixed, likelihood function, covariance | source | 5 |
| 193 | P-Value Adjustments for Multiple Tests in Multivariate Binomial Models | Peter H. Westfall, S. Stanley Young |
bootstrap, sample, binomial distribution, null hypothesis, multiplicity, type i error, dose, proc freq | source | 4 | |
| 194 | PC TIMS: A SAS Software Integrated System for Technical Information Management | Anthony B. Kreamer, Ronald R. MacDonald, Stephen J. Medvid, Shi-Tao Yeh |
This paper describes a menu driven technical information system developed at Roy F. weston Inc. (WESTON) using and integrating SAS· macros and the following PC SASe Release 6.03 products: SASjAF·s , SAS/BASE- 1 SAS/FSP· ,SAS/GRAPLLO and SAS/STAT~ The application combines data base management, data entry, statistical analysis, reporting tools and high resolution graphics into one system. By using PC SAS as the sole host software package we were able to maximize system performance |
data science, bar chart | source | 7 |
| 195 | Performance and Storage Management Characteristics of SAS Versions 5 and 6 Data Library Implementations under MVS | Daniel J. Squillace | This· paper compares and contrasts the external performance and storage man.agement characteristics of the: SAS Versions 5 .and 6 data library implementations under MVS. Performance compa-risons of data set toading, data set reading, and directory management functions are. presented. Also included are . compari'Sons of libr;ary space requirements under seve .. a~ scenarios and some discussion of tuning considerations specific to Version 6 Ubraries | libname statement, proc step | source | 5 |
| 196 | Performance Enhancements Running the SAS System under HP-UX. | John Hall, Douglas Austin |
default parameter, sample | source | 3 | |
| 197 | Performance Function for Aircraft Production Using the SYSNLIN Procedure and L2 Norm Estimation | Kimberly J. LeBouton | outlier, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 198 | Performance of the SAS/DB2 Interface | J. William Mullen | proc sql, proc step, dataset, variable, drop table, insert | source | 5 | |
| 199 | Performance Tips for Using the SAS System on Personal Computers | Brett A. Knox | Reducing the amount of time and disk space required to execute program.s on the SASe System for Personal Computers is a concern for aU involved. Various methods for reducing processing time, programming time. and hard disk usage by using some of the new enhancements in Version 6.03 will be discussed. This paper begins with the introduction of some of the new operators, statements. and Procedure step options available in Version 6.03 of the SAS System. The discussion of these new enhancements will hopefully allow SAS users to replace some of their traditional programming methoos with these new enhancements. The benchmark tests that follow were completed on an IBM PS/2 Model 60. This is a 286~class machine with a 70mb hard~drive. 1 mb of memory. and openues at lOmhz, The data sets that were used range from 10 observations to 20,000 observations, each containing 25 variables. IN operator The IN operator is a substitute for the logical operator OR | where statement, proc step, if-then-else, cpu time, proc sort, subsetting if | source | 4 |
| 200 | Pleasing the Picky Manager with the TABULATE. Procedure | Stephen A. Harper | proc tabulate, proc step, class variable, proc freq | source | 6 | |
| 201 | Polygons: Calculating Area and Identifying Interior Points | Arthur L. Carpenter, Richard O. Smith |
There are several programming problems encountered when dealing with polygons of unusual shape. The polygons are often digitized from published maps and reports and then associated with data from other sources. The resulting data are then summarized using SAS/GRAPH (GMAP or GPLOT). Two of the more interesting of these problems deal with area estimation and the determination of interior points. Polygons generated from digitized information are stored as a series of sequential x, y coordinate pairs. There is no information in the resulting data set which allows the programmer to determine if any given x,¥ coordinate pair is inside or outside of the polygon. The problem is, of course, compounded when the polygon has unusual shape or contains interior polygons that define empty space. There are no mathematical formulas for determining the area of such irregular shapes. The motivating data for this study contained digitized x,y data of complex kelp bed borders |
macro call, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 202 | PROC ARIMA and the Dow Jones Stock Index | Joseph E. Earley, Steven J. Sweeney, Seid M. Zekavat |
source | 5 | ||
| 203 | Processing and Analyzing Consumer Panel Data | Charles F. Hofacker | proc step, proc means, proc freq, proc sort, sample, proc corresp, binomial distribution | source | 4 | |
| 204 | Processing Nielsen Scantrack Data with SAS Software | Thomas A. Miron | This paper describes an application for. the processing of Nielsen Scantrack data gathered on items sold in stores using laser check out scanners. This information can be very useful for marketing research. As delivered, the data is in the form of a hierarchical file on tape. In order to manipulate the data for analysis, relate it to other corporate data, and handle database functions, such as backup andupdate, an application was developed to transform the information to a relational (table-like) format usingSAS software. The overall process and techniques involved are discussed along with hierarchical-to-relational transformations in general. What Is Nielsen Scantrack Data? Scantrack data is gathered from retail check out systems employing laser UPC (Universal Product Code) bar code scanners. These scanners read a bar code that uniquely identifies each item. The code is used as a look up key for the item's price, which is automatically totaled on a cash register * | macro definition, macro variable, dataset | source | 4 |
| 205 | Producing Multiple Graphs Using Macros 60 Percent Code Reduction | Madelyn A. Remsburg | macro variable, sample | source | 2 | |
| 206 | Project Management Reporting Utilizing SAS/GRAPH and Base SAS Software | Brant W. Anderson | The project management-at-8-glance con-capt was developed to provide a communication graphic which could visibly provide the managers of several departments with an overview of all active projects. All the major 'milestones are predefined tor simplicity. The detail between the milestones was also eliminated for clarity. The chart was designed to show multiple projects in a compressed format. Eight projects and 12 milestones can be shown on each page of Ihe chart. The Base SAS package was utilized as the programming tool. The SAS/FSEDIT product was used for dala entry. The data for the report was stored in an IBM TSO sequential flat file. SASIGRAPH's@ annolate tools are used to create the layered project management chart. The SAS system was chosen because of its strong ability to handle dates and custom generated graphics |
data step, do loop, sas base, macro call, macro definition, proc step, dataset | source | 5 |
| 207 | Putting the FORMAT Procedure at the Wheel: Advanced Applications of Table Lookup | Peter Kretzman | Past and present SUGI confe-cences have offered ~ wealth of papers covering the use of SAS user-defined formats for tab~e lookllp. Mastery of this simple but powerful programming technique is a crucial step towards. achieving fluency in SAS progmmming and systems design. Yet nO previous SUG. papers and no SAS manuals have gone beyond presenti.ng basic techniques and truly plumbed the depths of the immense potential of the FORMAT procedure, This tutorial bridges that gap. It shows how yon Can extend your use of the basic PROC FORMAT table lookup technique into virtually any larger SAS SyStem application. in ways possibly not dreamed of even by the origioal designers of FRoe FORMAT. Specifically, PROC FORMAT -b:ued table lookup techniques ace discussed that do the f-allowing.: facilitate easy ma.intenance fOr SAS-based systems by making them table-driven in:nead or purely code-driven; permit recoding. cQtegol"izing, find list checking |
proc step, proc format, lookup, format statement, put statement, sas programmer, dataset, proc freq, macro facility | source | 8 |
| 208 | Querying with SAS Screen Control Language: A Database Browsing and Extraction Application | Anne M. Asher, Maria K. Wills |
if-then-else, proc means | source | 2 | |
| 209 | Reaping the Benefits of an In-House SAS User Group | Candy R. Habich | The Eastman Chemicals Division (a division of the Eastman Kodak Company) has seve~al hundred active SAS~ users. Educaiing these users and keeping them informed of new developments would be impossible without a strong support structure. This p.per will explain how an in-house user group serves as the foundation of the support structure. Many educatIon needs are satisfied throogh regular user group ~eetlngs which are devoted to exploring topics in an in-depth manner. New developments and product evaluation information can be covered in the same way. Information will be shared about specific user group meeting topics, and advertising methods. Additionally, information about a sample program lib~a~y will be provided. This paper will b9 useful for anyone sUPporting th~ SAS System or with a desi~e to sta~t up an in-house use~ group | sample, sas programming | source | 4 |
| 210 | Repeated-Measurement Designs: The Intricacies of Their Analysis with the SAS System | Jean Hardy | anova, interaction effect | source | 4 | |
| 211 | Representing Computerized Tomographic Scans Using the GMAP Procedure in SAS/GRAPH Software | M. A. Foulkes, D. Hier, J.P. Mohr, A.T. Polis, T.R. Price, P. A. Wolf |
Computer tomography (CT) scan data have been collected from 1983 to 1986 on 1805 NINDS Stroke Data Bank patients who were admitted to one of four academic medical centers. Due to compatibility problems among the CT scanning equipment at these four sites and fiscal constraints, the horizontal CT scan images collected on each patient were represented pictorial ly using a coordinate qrid system specially developed for this | proc step, dataset | source | 4 |
| 212 | Retro-engineering a SAS Reporting System Front-End | Brent Turner | cpu time, phase ii, input statement, elapsed time, macro definition | source | 5 | |
| 213 | Revising AUTOMAP Using SAS/AF Software | Carol A. Johnstone | response variable, proc gmap, proc step | source | 6 | |
| 214 | Robust and Exploratory Analyses Automated | E. James Harner, Gerald R. Hobbs |
poisson distribution, dataset, proc step, sample, confidence interval, missing value | source | 5 | |
| 215 | Running the SAS System under 386 Multitasking Software | Julie A. Maddox | The ability to muttitask is fast becoming a necessity in the world of personal computers. The virtual mode of the 80386 mlcropro cessor has made multitasking viable. This paper discusses how to run the SAS System for personal computers under OESOView 386. Microsoft" Windowsf386, PC-MOS1386, and VMf386~ | sas base, cpu time, options statement | source | 5 |
| 216 | SAS Applications in the Health Care Industry | William J. McDonald, J. Jon Veloski |
proc step, clinical trial, insurance claims | source | 7 | |
| 217 | SAS End User Training: What Is Available and What Can Be Done | Michael T. Marselle | proc step, sas programmer | source | 4 | |
| 218 | SAS Institute's New Stand Alone Graphics Product: NeoVisuals Software | Barbara Springer | The use of high-level, three-dimensional PO) graphics modeling and animation systems has historically been used almost exclusively by graphic arts and the broadcast industry. A new wave 01 usage is emerging from several different, relatively unrelated applications with a need to create realistic 3D images for visualization. With this technology, designers and engineers are able to promote a better understanding of ideas and processes. The introduction of powerful, low-cost 3D workstations makes this type of product more affordable by a broader base of users. NeoVisuals software is a high-level, interactive, general purpose 3D system that adapts 10 specific applications through the use of available features and options | source | 4 | |
| 219 | SAS Institute's Online Customer Support Facility | John Sims | SAS Institute continually strives to provide thE:! best possible tech~ oieal support to its users, The recent addition of the Online Cus tomer Support Facility (OeSF) is another step the Institute has taken to provide excellent support. This paper discusses the ser~ vices provided by the OCSF and supplies the information you need to get started, | source | 3 | |
| 220 | SAS Macros and a SAS/AF Menu System for Reading COMPUSTAT Files | Craig Dickstein, Christian Vye |
macro variable, dataset, proc step, macro call, macro definition, macro conditional, batch job, if-then-else, sample, macro facility | source | 6 | |
| 221 | SAS Programming Standards as a Learning Tool | Ted Clay | Good programming habits, whether standardized or not, reduce confusion and prolong the useful IWe of a prografll This paper presents a d14!C:klist of topics to be considered if an individual or organization wishes to develop a set of standards for SAS programs. The topics covered are naming conventions. compatibility issues, documentation, visual style. program logic, and systems of programs or steps. The emphasis is on using standards as an educational tool, rather than as a set of rules | data step, by group processing | source | 3 |
| 222 | SAS Software and IBM Corporation's DB2: An End User Computing Strategy | Thomas A. Miron | data governance, proc sql, data science, data wrangling, relational database | source | 4 | |
| 223 | SAS System Performance Comparisons on Mainframe, Minicomputers, and Micros | Tony John Cincera, Luz Torrez |
This paper is presented to review the p~rformance of the SAS system under d~fferent operating environments and hardware configurational Systems reviewed include the following: Mainframe--IBM 3090/MVS; ·minicomputers- IBM 9375/CMS, DEC 8530, 8250, 3600 and Microvax III and micro computers, AST 286 Premium and ALR 386/ both running | elapsed time, cpu time | source | 6 |
| 224 | SAS System Workbench: Friendly Interface to Sophisticated Tools | Steve Whan | In December 1985, B.C. TelepJwltt O.fmpany implemented an in-house aeve/oped Office ltifOf71Ultion System (called OISTAR) running OR VM/CMS. l~e tks;gn _JOIST AR's matrix mtnft system made it easy to add 1reM' fIUJ(:tions for clients ming a common fornua. When SAS Institute relellSed-venion 5.08 with tfu! new SAS/AF* function.f and prototypes a declMon WtU nuuk to put up II SAS Workbench <m OIST A R giving users a friendly interface to wphistic"ted tools |
dataset, sample | source | 3 |
| 225 | SAS Tutorial Session: Reading and Writing Data to External Files | Ronald P. Cody | dataset, proc step, input statement, raw data, infile statement, proc contents, filename statement, sas library, missing value | source | ||
| 226 | SAS/AF Software and the Art of Multiphrenic Programming: A Distributed Micro-to-Host System under Release 6.03 of the SAS System | Don D. Brown | A system Qf Screen Control Language (SeL) progra:rns. was designed for the distribution and application of ~ sYltem updates (ZAP's) via the micro-la-host link facility of SAS Version 6.03. System Updates. pniodicaDy released by the SAS Institute~ are uploaded to. a tnainframe envi1'Onment ~ith a description data Ht by the site representative. Usen are then able to download and apply the System Updates from a friendly. SASlAF environment, The paper highHghts the versatility of SeL and the relative ease with which it can be integrated with other elements of the SASt> system. The paper also suggest. improvementa: when weaknesses were encountered | source | 5 | |
| 227 | SAS/ASSIST' Software: Bringing the Power of the SAS System to the User | Brenda Erickson, Tammy L. Gagliano, Gail Kramer, Katherine J. Roggenkamp |
SAS/ASSIST lM software provides a menu-driven gateway to the powerful features available in the SA$"! System. The special purpose windows and selection lists make it easy to genera1:e a report or produce a graph. Wflh SAS/ASSIST. you can perform tasks in the areas of data management, data analysis, and data presentation. SAS/ASSIST software is a comprehensive application written us ing the SAS System as a toolbox, Because your own applica tions can be hooked into SAS/ASSIST, it can serve as a platform for all SAS applications in use at your organization. SAS/ASSIST software is provided free with base SAS software |
sas base, data governance, data science, regression analysis, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 228 | SAS/ETS Software: A Report on the New. Features in Release 6.03 and Other Work in Progress | Mark Little | Release 6.03 of SAS/ETS software is available for pes and for Sun and HP Unix systems. It includes all the procedures of Ver sion 5 plus several significant enhancements and one entirely new procedure. This paper reports on the new features in Version 6.03 of SASI ETS Software and reviews work: now in progress on new features for future release |
proc step, proc model, missing value, proc freq, time series analysis, by group processing, proc forecast, dataset | source | 4 |
| 229 | SAS/FSP Software: Highlights of the 6.06 Release | Annette T. Harris, Carl LaChapelle |
This paper highlights the new features in release 6.06 of SAS! FSP software. These 1eatures include the use of the WHERE clause with the FSEDIT procedure and FSVlEW procedure, ex ample.of using SCL wfth PROC FSEDIT and PROC FSVIEW and the use of the SCL souroe level debugger to assist in the devel opment process, |
where statement, proc step, dataset | source | 6 |
| 230 | SAS/OR Software as a Decision Support Tool for the PC | Charles Ray Walters | proc step, odds ratio, dataset | source | 5 | |
| 231 | SIR on SSHENET: Developing a Common Student Information Database for 14 Universities and.Sharing It under CMS | Robert A. Lahr | state System of Higher Education univer sities provide student enrollment data to one host university. The data are trans ferred in common format from the 13 dif ferent computer systems to the host via 9- trk magnetic tape. eMS files of student data are created by reading the tapes with DITTO I an IBM@ utility_ These files are edit checked via programs invoked under Version 5 SASjAF@ software. Those passing edit checks are written to SAS@ datasets. The SAS data- sets are used to generate | proc step, data validation rules, dataset | source | 5 |
| 232 | Software Conversions (without Ulcers!) | Judith H. Mopsik | macro variable, format statement | source | 5 | |
| 233 | Solution of 111 posed Inverse Problems Using B-Splines | James E. Dunn, Kumi Era |
histogram, data cleaning | source | 6 | |
| 234 | Some Additional Features of Contrasts | Rudolf J. Freund | source | 9 | ||
| 235 | Speedy Searches Using Embedded Linked Lists | Brit Minor | dataset, linked list | source | 6 | |
| 236 | STABLE: A SAS/AF Software-based System for Performing Statistical Analyses of Drug Stability Studies | Stan Altan, Raymond Buck, Laurie Burch, Sherry Joyce King |
Drug stability analyses obtained during the research phase are based upon assay values obtained from a number of lots of drug, which are stored under various conditions in possibly several different package configurations. Analysis of data is an Iterative process, Involving the pooling of parameters within and across different strengths to yield as simple a model as possible. Shelf life, expiration date, and release limits are estimated for specified conditions based upon the final model. STABLE, a full-screen menU-driven system, was developed at PRI - Raritan using SAS/AF8, SAS/GRAPH$ and the MACRO facility. It allows the statistician to perform one or more steps of a drug stabi llty study at his termi nal and return the results to the same terminal or optionally, to a local printer. Parameters are put into the analysis programs through fill-in-the blank full-screens. The statistician may continue to perform analyses in an iterative fashion until he wishes to prodoce his final tables |
macro facility, sas base | source | 2 |
| 237 | Standard Operating Procedure in the Creation, Maintenance, and Quality Assurance of SAS Programs | Wendy London, Bucky Walsh |
if-then-else, data step, dataset, quality assurance, proc step | source | 6 | |
| 238 | Starting to Use SAS System Options | Hallett German | options statement, proc step, sas log, error message | source | 8 | |
| 239 | Statistical Experts Systems in SAS Software | Pan-Yu Lai | proc hpsplit, response variable | source | 8 | |
| 240 | Structured SAS Code: A PC-aided Approach | Gary N. Griffiths | if-then-else, input statement | source | 5 | |
| 241 | Structured Test Design for Data Quality Control | Randy Whitfield | data cleaning, quality control, if-then-else | source | 3 | |
| 242 | Systems Programming Applications in C Using the SAS/C Compiler | Ingrid Ammondson | Traditionally. systems programming for the IBM 370 has been performed using assembler. This is because systems applica tions require a language that provides efficiency, control over the environment, and access to. system data. and sefVices. On UNIX* type operating systems. the C language is the systems program~ ming language because C has features that make it suited to sys tems programming applications. With the development of C compijers for the 370 environtruJnt. it is desirabie to write 370 sys tems programs in C in orderto gain the programming and mainte nance benefits inherent in a high-level language. This paper addresses using C for 310 systems programming applications, the problems involved. and some possible solutions to those problems | macro facility, sysrc | source | 6 |
| 243 | Taking the Best Advantage of SAS/GRAPH Software's Geographic Information System Features | Jay Jacob Wind | proc step, proc gmap | source | 6 | |
| 244 | Techniques for: Database Update and Auditing in SASSoftware Information Systems | John M. Rinehart | Basjc use- of SAS software in information processing involves getting data inro SAS data sets, and using those data sets for rep(>rting and analysis. These functions are sufficient for once-through jobs_ However. some additional functions are required when SAS data sets are used as the database core of an information system intended for long-term storage and maintenance of complete. accut'ate, and verifiable data. The system should facilitate verification of data aecuracy. allow changes. additions. and deletions to the database, and provide a means to audit or document all such database updates. This paper su.rveys a variety of techniques used with both Version 5 and Version 6 SAS software 1:0 implement these database maintenance functions. Spedfic examples -of code are provided for several different methods of data set update and audit, along with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of each. FIGURE 1. A SAS information system | proc step, dataset, update statement, audit trail | source | 10 |
| 245 | The Application of Base SAS, SAS/STAT, and SAS/GRAPH Software to the Analysis and Presentation of Pharmacokinetic Data | Philip H. Schwartz | proc step, pk parameter, adpp, regression analysis | source | 5 | |
| 246 | The Art of Testing Programs with an Emphasis on. Large Files | Juliana M. Ma | production run, proc print, proc step | source | 7 | |
| 247 | The Case for Guidelines: A SAS System Style Primer | Frank C. Dilorio | proc step, character variable | source | 6 | |
| 248 | The DATA Step Graphics Interface | Jade Walker | The DATA STEP Graphics Interface, or DSGI, enables you to call the graphics subroutines used by SAS/GRAPH!!> software during tha DATA STEP or in a screen controllanguaga (Sel) application. You access the graphics system by using function and subroutine caYs. In the DATA STEP. you may have already used the SUBSTR function to co1iect a substring from wIthin a string. DSG! uses function calls similar to the SUBSrn function to accomplish its goals. You can use DSGt to write a custom graphics application or proto-type in conjunction with all the power of the programming statements accessible by the DATA STEP. This paper describes the DATA STEP Graphics Interface and the commands used within it. Some terminology of the Graphics Kernel System (GKS) is cov ered because DSGI is based on GKS. This paper also shows some examples using the DATA STEP Graphics Intertace and ex~ains certain features and techniques used in the examples |
character variable, put statement | source | 6 |
| 249 | The GPLOT Procedure: Quick Tricks for the New User | Arthur L. Carpenter | The production of report quality gra phics in an efficient manner is very important to most analysts. SAS/GRAPH and especially FROe GPLOT have a number of options and added features that allow the user to construct high quality plots qUickly and easily_ Occasionally, however, the user may need to create a plot with requirements that do not match the built-in features and options. When this happens, the pro grammer must reach into the proverbial bag of tricks. There are several tech niques or tricks that can be used to enhance plots produced by PROG GPLOT. Many of these can be easily and quickly applied even by a new or less exper ienced programmer. One of the more useful of these techniques (even for an experienced user) involves the addition of points to the plot. When properly coordinated with the symbol statements, these additional points can produce axes, confidence bounds, histograms and special plots |
proc step, proc gplot | source | 6 |
| 250 | The Importance of Documentation | Stanley Voynar | advanced sas, batch job | source | 5 | |
| 251 | The PHGLM Procedure for Time-Dependent Covariates - and the Case-Cohort Design | David Yu-Wu Pee, Sholom Wacholder |
The PHGlM procedure is a well documented,. efficient and widely used program for flttlng the proportional hazards model in survival studies. We have developed some new extensions of the procedure which are useful in some applications to chronic disease epidemiology. One extension allows covariates to vary over time and allows left truncation in addition to the standard right censoring. The other application allows estimation of the hazard ratio from a case cohort design. Standard variance estimation | bootstrap, regression analysis, likelihood function, sample, proc phreg, time-dependent covariate, confidence interval, estimate, hazard ratio | source | 6 |
| 252 | The QPRINT Procedure: A Little-known and Under-utilized SAS Gem | Ray Pass | proc step, sas base | source | 10 | |
| 253 | The QPRINT Procedure: The Fast and Easy Way to Complex Listings, (or How to Avoid DATA-NULL-s) | George E. Demuth, Cam Huffman |
When generating reports;, one must often create listings and tables which require complex or tailored specifications_ The means to achieve 5uth iii listing may niK@ssitate a mOte adaptable SA$ facility thl)l'l PROCPRII\!T. Insuth C4ses. DATA_NULL_S ate often I.tsed to customize listings and can produce impressive" results. HOWEver, DATA _NUll_S also require intricate work when minor modifiCiltions are neceS$O)ry, suw as adding another variable to the listing Of changing a heading. An att~native $AS -facility that combines the sophistiQtion of tha DATA ~NUlL_ wfth the ~easy to use" features of PROC PRINT is |
proc step, proc print, macro variable, macro call, by group processing, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 254 | The Rapid Development of Rule-Based Systems Using the FORMAT Procedure | Tony N. Lewis | proc format, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 255 | The SAS Supervisor and SET/MERGE Processing | Aiman M. Zeid | set statement, proc step, point= option, by group processing, output | source | 10 | |
| 256 | The SAS System for PCs as a Cost Savings and Development Tool for the Mainframe | Stan Geiger | cpu time, dataset, flat file, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 257 | The SAS System for SMP/E Conversions | K.L. Kanthan | System Modification Program/Extended is an IBM product designed 10 ins tali and modify Software products. But not all the software c(}me in SIMPlE installable format. SAS makes the conversion of non SMPIE to SMPI£ illStaUatian easier. Many utility Junctions that are needed for tile conversion art: achieved through SAS code and PROC,'i |
by group processing, permanent dataset | source | 3 |
| 258 | The SAS System in a Networked Environment: Present and Future Directions | John Carl Zeigler | Over the next five years there will be a marked movement toward distributed and workgroup based computing. The economies of scale offered by net worked workstations ensure that they will become the preferred method for software develQpmcnt and computing in generaL Large centralized proces sors will continue and even grow in use, but as re sources available in a network as opposed to classical time shared uses. Prototype development 1 ad hoc queries, and highly interactive applications will be 'moved to the workstation, leaving the larger ma chines for compute-intensive and high-volume I/O applications. (Examples are large simulations and transaction processing.) Part of the future direction of the SAS System will be to support this new computing paradigm. This paper explores the implications of networked computing on the design of Version 6 applications and future directions of the SAS System | dataset, proc step | source | 10 |
| 259 | The SAS System on the UNIX Operating Systems and Derivatives: The Missing Link | J. Philip Miller | After Version 6 of the SAS system was released for execution on the PC platform, we began a migration of our the SAS System processing from centralized shared computers onto PCs 00 each staff member's desk. A number of deficiencies of the combined PC/shared computer environment were identified. During the past year we have begun to utilize the SAS System running under UNIX on a Sun Workstation as a shared compnter. The Sun has been integrated into a campus wide network and plays a critical role in sup portmg our collaborative research because of the ease with whic? it interconnects with other comp~ter sys tems. This move to the UNIX based workstatIOn envi ronment has been a productive experience and appears tq position us well for the future. The SAS System on the PC Platform Two years ago at this cooferenct' we presented a paper entitled "What Good is the SAS System for Per sonal Computers" (Miller and Parks, 1987) | batch processing, clinical trial | source | 5 |
| 260 | The SAS System under UNIX and Derivative Operating Systems: New Features, New Power | Bernadette H. Johnson | The SAS System has arrived in the UNIX@ and derivative operating system environments. This arrival brings the computing, analysis, data management, and report writing capabililties SAS users expect, plus some added features that take advantage of the power of UNIX and derivative operating systems. This paper explores these new features | proc sort, dataset, proc step, filename statement | source | 10 |
| 261 | The SAS System: An Aid in Caring for the Pregnant, Diabetic Patient | Michael Berk, Vicki S. Hertzberg, Jane C. Khoury, Philip R. Khoury, Menachem Miodovnik |
Serum glucose values are recorded four limes daily in an ongoing clinical trial of management of diabetes on the outcome 01 pregnancy. Until recently these values were recorded manually by the (foabetic subject, key·entered into the computer and subsequenfly submibed 10 the SAS·based data·management system developed for this study. In the last two years memory glucometers, as well as hardware and software, to transfer the glucose values to a PC electronically, have bean introduced. Custom modems used with the memory glucometers transmtt data via the diabetic subject·s home phone to the physician's computer. Standard summary programs are available, but converting the files into a SASfile as part of the PC database makes available additional relevant data. Using SAS, transmitted data files are read in and edited, then output 10 SAS and print files. OuUiers and contradictory infonnetion regarding timing of the sample are flagged | clinical trial, proc print | source | 4 |
| 262 | The Statistical-Model Toolbox: A SAS Macro System | David S. Frankel | The statistical-model toolbox (SMT) is a SAS macro system written in the Production Depart ment of Exxon Company, U.S.A_, that provides two powerful capabilities: a systematic way to model scattered data and to model calculated results 'that are based on the scattered data; and, a way to create and manipulate synthetic probabil ity distributions in the absence of measured data. The Production Department uses these capabi1 i ties to address problems in petroleum reservoir description, where rock properties are stochastic by nature. However, the tools are complete 1y general and can be aPfl i ed to any continuous, numeric, random variab es. The most frequently used tool calculates expected values of arbitrary functions of one or two random variables. Other tools display distributions, calculate statistics, and generate random samples. Because it is organized as a set of tools, the SMT provides sufficient flexibility to handle a wide range of applications | sample, macro definition, regression analysis, numeric functions, proc freq, keyword parameter, %macro parameters, out= | source | 6 |
| 263 | The SYSTEM 2000 Interface with the SASSystem: When to Use It to Store Your SAS Data | Carl F. Carpenter | SYSTEM 2000~ software offers users of the SAS~ System a varl~ ety of options to Improve processing per1Ofmance. CASD utilIza tion. arid USElf access of their SAS data. A tutorial approach is usEI'd to shOw how SAS Institute's SYSTEM 2000 Data Manage n'lent Software can be used as a storage vehicle for SAS data to give 1he SAS user aU of these enhancements and more | dataset, proc step | source | 5 |
| 264 | The TABLES Procedure as an Alternative to the DATA _NULL_ or PRINT Procedure in Generating Report-quality Statistical Tables | Patricia L. Gerend | PRot TABLES is ~ use~-written, user-supported procedure that computes descriptive statistics, tests control against experimental groups. and generates a report-quality table of the statis tics and test results. When compared to the use of PROCS MEANS or GlM combined with a PROC PRINT or a DATA _NULL_. PROC TABLES had these advantages: everything is done in one step; table is report quality; labeling columns is easier; statements are simpler; statistically-significant differences are automatically marked in the table. PROC lABLES had these disadvantages: footnotes, user-defined formats. and the missing option do not -function; triple-spacing is mandatory; the procedure is not validated by SAS Institute |
proc step, proc means, proc print | source | 2 |
| 265 | The TABSORT Procedure: A REXX and SAS System Application to Collate Statistical Tables | Bruce Wentworth | TABSORT is a REXX and SAS system application that automates the collation of presentation-quaiity statistical tables for inclusion in clinical trial reports. It was created to complement a system of SAS report writer macrru whose output must be "shuffled" to form the jinished set of statistical tables, a task that can take hours to perform manualo/. TABSORT is noteworthy for the technique by which multiple CMS input files are logically concatenated in a single SAS DATA STEP. A REXX procedure verifies the existence at the input jiles, issues a series of FILEDEF statements, and writes several sections of SAS DATA STEP code. Then the SAS part of the procedure is IWl, and the REXJ(-written sections are incorporated via %INCLUDE. 17ze resulting DATA STEP processes all of the input files as a single stream, using INFILE with the END option to control the transition between files |
data step, clinical trial, proc step | source | 6 |
| 266 | The Use of SAS/IML Software in Implementing the Coherence Property for Discriminate Analysis Variables | Joyce Bernstein, William R. Fehlner |
This paper describes a series of SASIlML modules, designed to perform a type of discriminant analysis variable selection. Given a set of p variables available for use in a 2 group discriminant procedure, the method identifies all subsets of these variables with discriminant power not significantly less than the original set. The development work was done with version 6.03 of SASIlML under PC DOS. Repnrts generated by the program are designed to display the potentially large output in a concise form. Input required to run the program is minimal. The algorithm employed is based upnn the theory of coherent subsets, which may be used to increase efficiency in a search through all possible subsets. The modules have been designed to use the coherence principle as described by Ronald McKay (1976); that is in combination with a simultaneous test procedure employing Hotelling's T'. With slight modification, however, these modules could be adapted to implement other applications of coherence | discriminant analysis, feature selection, null hypothesis, dataset, sample | source | 5 |
| 267 | The Uses and Limits of Screen Control Language: A Complex Multiscreen Application | Larry McEvoy | The introduction of Screen Control Language (SeL) with version 6.03 provides new measures of control for those developing data entry systems with PROC FSEDIT. SCL can be used to check for specific values during data entry, rather than checking only within a given range. Cursor control under SCL can provide for the conditional skipping of items, rather than advancing one item at a time. Values can be crosschecked for consistency as they are entered, rather than waiting to find inconsistencies later in a separate DATA STEP. Customized messages can provide instructions for specific situations, rather than relying on standard messages provided by the procedure. Such tools are essential in developing a data entry system for an interview containing multiple skip patterns and many possible inconsistencies. This paper explores two concerns: 1) what are the difficulties in testing and developing such a system with seL; and 2) what are the limits of control seL provides |
txt, proc step | source | 5 |
| 268 | The Version 6 MVS SAS Data Library Architecture | Brian Bowman | The Version 6 MVS SAS Data Library Architecture Brian Bowman, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC The MVS Data Library has been completely redesigned to support the I/O access features of the Version 6 SAS System and to improve the Host interface to MVS Data Management facilities. I/O device independence, multivolume Library support, and improved DASD space utilization and I/O performance are all provided by this architecture. The new Library structure is designed to be consistent with IBM's direction in System Managed Storage as well as providing a platform for future MVS SAS data management features. This paper will discuss the new architecture and provide examples of how it overcomes limitations in the existing· MVS SAS Data Library implementation | data governance, sas batch | source | 8 |
| 269 | Time Planning of Projects for Staff Members Using SAS Software | John J. DeMarchis, Jane F. Ivanschultz |
Time planning of projects for staff members of the technical Services Area of Pittsburgh National Bank was done manually for the near future. In ·1983. the Bank joined PNC Fitutucial Corp. Since then, toe department has experienced a three-fold growth in support staff members of the data center., Le., one of the three corporate data centers. Planning for critical projects and individuals was impossible without automation. Canned time plann1ug software products were tried and none had the flexibility in database handling and customer reporting desired. An internally developed system by the Capacity Planning/TSO Software subgroup was the best solution. All requirements were met by using SAS software. The users were to be the department managers; so, it was decided that no knowledge of SAS would be required. The systec. was designed with MACROS using structured programming. Two types of of screens were developed with techniques that can be aIJplied to any onliue system | put statement, batch job, input statement, flat file, macro put, dataset | source | 6 |
| 270 | Tracking Air Compliance Permit Reviews Using SAS/AF Software | William F. Simpson Jr. | proc step, proc print | source | 5 | |
| 271 | Tricks and Tips for Supporting the SAS System Under VMS' | Thomas O. Martin | This paper describes support techniques used in the Alcoa Technical Center VAXNMSTM environment for the SAS System. SAS/AFTM, the SAS"" product for developing menu driven applications, was used to develop custom menu systems wnh an easy to use interface. Online VMS help has been provided for SAS software describing site specific information as well as the SAS HELP facility. A VMS bulletin board is available for user comments and the dissemination of information. In addition, a method for monitoring the usage of SAS software has been developed |
data step, dataset | source | 6 |
| 272 | Trouble-Shooting Version 6 SAS/AF and SAS/FSP Applications | Patricia L. Berryman, Jama Grund |
This paper win describe various ways to trouble-sIloot Version 6.03 W/N' and SAS/FSP applicalions. Common problems encountered in the writing of an application and how to avoid these problems in the future will be discussed. AJso. how 10 avoid or eliminate common problems associated with the writing of an SCL based application will be iilustrated |
source | 6 | |
| 273 | Two or Three Neat Things You Can do with SAS Software | Frederick E. Pratter | macro variable, macro facility, macro function, macro definition | source | 5 | |
| 274 | Unbalanced Factorial Data and Hypothesis Testing | Robert E. Johnson | anova, degrees of freedom, correlation, binary variable, likelihood function, proc genmod, regression analysis | source | ||
| 275 | Unlimiting a Limited Macro Environment | David S. Septoff | ,he fult macro facilitv provides SAS users with an extremely powerful programming tool. It allows for conditional execution of. DATA and of PROC steps. creation of parameter-driven appliea- . tions. pas~ng SAS variables across steps, and much more. Unfortunately, the full power of the macro faciUty is not available in some operating environments. These programmers need not despair. SAS code can be wrltten to simulate SAS macros using base SAS software available on all operating systems. This paper pres';iits an gy;:a::r:ple of e. SAS macro-based sy~tem developed in a VAX'" environment and draws some c.oncit.!sicns on how SAS software. used as a programming language, can be just as powerful in a partial macro environment as it is in a full macro environment |
proc step, macro definition | source | 3 |
| 276 | Up, Up, and Away with PC Upload | Peter S. Dillingham, Michael R. Gibson |
proc upload, proc step, txt | source | 2 | |
| 277 | Use of COMPARE and AUTOCALL to Reduce the Code Needed for a SAS System by 75 Percent | Arthur H. Hensler | proc compare, proc step | source | 2 | |
| 278 | Use of the SAS System for a Three-File Application of Patients, Donors, and Transfusions: Use of the MERGE, FIRST, and LAST Statements and the FORMAT Procedure | Alfred J. Anderson | proc step, proc print, proc sort | source | 4 | |
| 279 | User-Written Procedures and Extensions in Version 6 of the SAS System | Richard D. Langston | One of the more attractive aspects of the SAS System is its extend ability. If no available item can perform a desired function, then a new item can be written to fulfill this function. The capabif~ ity of system extension has been available almost since the SAS System's inception. This paper describes the features of the product in Version 6 of the SAS System for system extensions, and offers an introduction to Wfiting SAS procedures fortha Ver sion 6 environment It contrasts the architecture of such proce dures with those from the 82.4 and Version 5 SAS environments. Also, it describes other system extensions, such as user-written formats, informats, functions, and call routines. A final topic of discussion is a compatibilty feature of base SAS software that allows for certain user-written entities from previous versions to function withOut change under Version 6 | dataset, proc step, date variable | source | 4 |
| 280 | Uses of SAS Macro Statements: %LET Statement | Reiling Lee | The %LET statement is commonly used to slelina a macro variable and assign it a value. Some SAS(B) users may be aware of the problem that a macro variable is unresolved when called outside the macro where il Is defined. This paper presents two methods to allow users \0 call %LET ·defined macro variables anywhere they want and avoid the problem of unresolved macro variables. Nina examples ara presented. One of tI1em is from tI1a SAS autocall library |
macro variable, %if-%then-%else, macro put, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 281 | Using Base SAS and SAS/GRAPH Software to Manage DASD Utilization at the United States Information Agency | Neil Lehrer | extract, sas base | source | 6 | |
| 282 | Using DATA JVULL_ and STOP Statements to Ease the Transition to the SAS System | Robert Saxe | dataset, stop | source | 2 | |
| 283 | Using Extended Tables in Version 6 SAS/AF Software | Glenn H. Itano | Exlended tables are a feature of Version 6 SASIAF. software. This tutorial describes the requirements for their use, how to create a SASe catalog PROGRAM ently Ihal can be used as an ext!)nded table, special features of screen control language (SCL) that support extended tables, and the execution sequence for an extended table program. Three sample extended table programs are presented and discussed | dataset, label statement | source | 6 |
| 284 | Using Hewlett-Packard Graphic Language as an Interface to SAS/GRAPH Software | Salvatore J. Fazzino | proc step, conditional do loop | source | 6 | |
| 285 | Using Macro Variable Lists | Kenneth R. Whitaker | A macro variable list is a SAS macro variable that contains a list of words. Although these lists are only a special use of SAS macro variables, they can be very powerful. Users can parameterize a system with them, and the system can drive itself by extracting the words from the lists, invoking macros using each word as a parameter, and by generating other fISts for itself. This paper describes how macro variable lists can be used, and supplies several useful SAS macros that build and use lists | macro variable, variable list, data step, macro function, macro definition, dataset, macro variable list | source | 6 |
| 286 | Using Macros to Develop a Flexible End User System to Access, Edit, and Produce Reports from Any Permanent SAS Dataset | Cynthia Miller | This paper will illustrate a menu driven system that allows an end user to access, edit and/or produce reports from any permanent SAS"' dataset. Origi nally designed for end users who are totally unfa miliar with programming, use of the system has been expanded to include all types of users. Pro grammers without SAS"' knowledge have found it helpful in accessing data stored in permanent SAS'" datasets for import into other systems. SAS'" pro grammers have found it to be a quick and easy | macro variable, macro put, %if-%then-%else, proc step, dataset, macro loop, macro definition, macro quoting function | source | 5 |
| 287 | Using New SAS Database Features And Options | Stephen M. Beatrous, William D. Clifford, Kevin Mosmon, John T. Stokes |
This paper describes some of the new SAS database performance tuning features and provides guidelines for their use. As is true with most performance options, many of these featUres improve the utilization of one resource at the expense of another. The benefits and costs of each new feature are examined. All of these features are optional since the system provides defaulls. Actual examples of performance improvements using the new features are given. These examples are based upon the SAS Usage Notes data set, with which you may be familiar | where statement, cpu time, proc step, missing value, by group processing, proc contents, index creation, proc sql | source | 12 |
| 288 | Using Output. for Input in CMS | William G. LeBlanc | Some SAS procedures have an option for outputting data or descrlptive statistics into SAS datasets, but many procedures do not .. Data can be read from the output file of your SAS program, either during the execution of the program or afterward~ In eMS I program output is written to a work file that can be accessed directly in the same SAS program that generated it by referring to DDNAME FT12FOOl in an INFlLE statement. The SAS log and listing files consist of variable length records that are read in using the LENGTH option on the INFILE statement together with the $VARYINGw. informat. The MISSOVER statement can be used if it is necessary to read blank lines in a variable record length file. The INDEX and SCAN functions are used for parsing input lines, eliminating the need to predict exact line and column locations | sas log, proc step, character functions, proc genmod | source | 5 |
| 289 | Using SAS Software for the Analysis of Reliability and Lifetime Data | Luis A. Escobar | This pa.per describes some of the <;a.pabilitie5 of SAS· for the analysis of lifetimes of individuals, pieces of equipment, or systems when they are considered as whole units. 'Ve use a.n Accelera.ted Failure Time experiment to illustrate the capa~ billties of the software to perform: nonparantetr1c and p~a metric model identification, model estimation and cOOcking, and a local jduentia.l analysis. We also comment on some desirable options not yet available in SAS· | goodness of fit, clinical trial | source | 9 |
| 290 | Using SAS Software on a Mainframe to Retrieve Data for. a PC | Edward B. Dailey, Jude L. Naes Jr. |
ledger, proc step | source | 5 | |
| 291 | Using SAS/ACCESS Interfaces to ADABAS and DATACOM/DB | Gary S. Franklin | There are two new interface products for Version 5 users, SAS/ACCESS'lnterface to ADABAS· and SAS/ACCESS· Inter· face to DATACOM/DB"" _ These interfaces give vser.il an easy way of retrieving information from ADABAS or DATACOM/DB and using the SAS· System to do analysis, "'Porting, and grapi1s from the DBMS data. The procedures provide a way to automate the extraction and analys18 of DBMS data as well as a way of pro viding ad hoc information |
proc step, dataset, format statement, where statement | source | 6 |
| 292 | Using SAS/AF Software to Generate the DATA-NULL-Statements Commonly Used in Custom Report Writing | John C. Bullard, Wayne M. Cannon |
Using PUT statements within the DATA _NULL_ DATA STEP, in conjunction with carriage control, provides a SAS user "l~imate con trol over output when generatlng custom reports. This level of regulation is not available when using packaged procedures such as PROC TABULATE. However, additional expense is incurred to attain the power and fl exibll ity afforded. Typically, the DATA NUll requires a certain degree of exper tise t -an increase in original prograIllTl1ng time and because errors are also more preva lent, additional computer time. The system we offer permits novice SAS users to easily generate otherwise complex and tedious title* header, and footer statements for the DATA NULL DATA STEP. This process will save doveloPment time and provide assurance that more programs w111 execute correct 1y on 1 n it ia 1 runs, conserving val u able computer resources. And |
data step, proc step | source | 7 |
| 293 | Using SAS/FSP and SAS/AF Software to Manage .User-defined Formats | Nancy J. Michal | dataset, proc step | source | 5 | |
| 294 | Using SAS/GRAPH Software on a Local Area Network | Gregg Ledford | source | 6 | ||
| 295 | Using SAS/GRAPH Software to Create Enhanced Dendrograms | Glen Buckner, Terry Lotz |
A dendrogram is the standard graphical rep resentation of hierarchical cluster analysis. A | proc tree, dataset | source | 6 |
| 296 | Using SAS/GRAPH Software to Plot and Annotate Data | Paul Kanciruk, Rodney H. Strand |
proc step, title statement, proc gplot, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 297 | Using SQL on Nonrelational Databases | Barbara A. Barrett, Jim Craig |
Structured Que'll Language (SQL) is a powerful tool lor relational database query expression. That is what it was designed fOf. But many developers want to use SQL for l1oofekitional databases. Speciallnter1'aoo software between the SOL COde and the data base is required because SQLhas no knowledge of hIdden Infor mation in the database. This paper describes, in Sal terms. some issues that can arise when sal queries are made against a nonrelatklnal database | relational database, proc sql | source | 7 |
| 298 | Using the GDEVICE Procedure to Customize Device Driver Output | Lelia McConnell | In Version 6 of SAS/GRAPH software, many graphics options and parameters used by device drivers are stored in device eata· log entries. By modifying extsting device catalog entries or creat~ ing new entries, you can tailor driver output to your needs without specifying a long set of GOPTIONS for each driver. This paper describes how to use the GOEVICE procedure to manage device catalogs, create new entries. and changf!! parameters to obtain desired output |
catalog entry, proc step | source | 5 |
| 299 | Using the GLM Procedure and the CONTRAST Statement: A Very Basic Approach | Donna O. Fulenwider | A lrequenUy asked question concerning the GLM procedure Is, "Why Is my contrast non· 9stimabler Ttlls tuIOriallays the oooossary groundwork for obtaining a basic understanding of the NON-EST message as p!inted by PROC GLM. It targets the novice user or site repr ... sentetive who would like a better undB<Standlng 01 PROC GLM. Examples Hlustrate methods for determining appropnaw CONTRAST statElments. Included is a very basic discussion of the patametel1zation used by PAOe GLM |
proc glm, proc genmod, proc step, class variable | source | 11 |
| 300 | Using the SAS FSLETTER Procedure in Macro to Produce Quality Letter Output for a Sales and Marketing Department | Phyllis Jordan-Johnson, Margaret L. Molnar |
macro definition, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 301 | Using the SAS System for Controlling Distributed Processing under UNIX and PC DOS | T. Randall Betancourt | The SAS Systenl with Version 6 8uppmt for workstations and personal computers is an excellent tool for distributed processing in a multivendor environment. With workstations and personal computers as nodes in a network, efficiencies can be gained by sharing data among users as well as processing SAS jobs on various nodes. This paper describes SAS software applications for submitting, routing, and controlling interactive SAS applications in a heterogenous network environment | dataset, proc step | source | 7 |
| 302 | Using the SAS System for Empirical Bayes Estimation and Mapping of Suicide Rates in California | Joseph L. Annest, Marilyn Kirk, Kung-Jong Lui, Beverly Martinez |
maximum likelihood estimation, macro definition | source | 4 | |
| 303 | Using the SAS System for Error Identification and Resolution in Large and Complex Data Structures | Herbert C. Reynolds, Donald P. Trees |
format statement, sample, quality assurance, quality control, data cleaning, data audit, txt, normalization, proc format, error message, proc step, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 304 | Using the SAS System to Analyze Your IBM System Resource Data | Rusti Ludwick | Your operating system can supply you with valuabJe information that will enable you to make effective decisions in planning and managing your data center resources. This paper focuses on accounting records generated in the VSE environment by IBM's spooling control system, POWER. The purpose is to demonstrate coding techniques of the SAS language in evaluating the accounting data. The techniques and information discussed are applicaMe to all IBM mainframe operating systems | sample, proc print | source | 3 |
| 305 | Using the SAS System to Assess Multivariate Normality | Richard P. Steiner | Assessment of multivariate normality is an important and difficult problem for those applying multivariate statistical methods. No single graphical or inferential technique alone seems adequate for identifying the many possible types of departure from multivariate normality. Therefore. this paper discusses four tools for assessing multivariate normality. and presents easy-to-use SAS programs for their implementation | sample, goodness of fit, proc step | source | 3 |
| 306 | Using the SAS System to Generate Bibliographies from a Large Data Set | Mark A. Crook | infile statement, random sampling | source | 3 | |
| 307 | Using the SAS System to Improve Software Quality Reporting | Jon L. Bond | proc step, proc gchart | source | 6 | |
| 308 | Using the SAS System to Produce the Directory of Texas Manufacturers | Sylvia Cook | proc transpose, update statement | source | 3 | |
| 309 | Using the SQL Procedure in SAS Programs | Susan Johnston | The new SOL pmcedur-a (;()tnbine:s the ftElxlbility of the SltuCtured auery Language (SOl)wltll the power of tile SAS· System, Release 6.06. The SOL procedure uses SQl to create, modify. and retri_ data from SAS data sets and 'liews derived from those data sets. You can also use the SQL prooedure 10 join data s6t$ a,pd views with those frQ.m QthiII' databaSe management :sy$ telT1$ Ihrougll the SAS/ACCESS·softwarelnterfaces. This paper CIeSCI1bes some of the advantages and ways of using ti1e Sal procedure in SAS programs. This session takes a task-oriented approach in krtroducing the sal procedlJll3 to SAS users and In s'howing them how to use tI'le pn)¢edul'B to write more efficient programs with the latest release of the SAS System |
proc sql, proc step, dataset, group by, where statement, inner join | source | 6 |
| 310 | Using the TRANSPOSE Procedure to Effectively Present Survey Results | Karen Montefiori, Emily M. Passino |
proc step, proc transpose, proc univariate, proc freq | source | 6 | |
| 311 | Variance Component Analysis | Ronald R. Hocking | Th-e pu..rpose of this tutorial is to review the basic concepts of variance component estimation with par ticular refer",,~e to methOlh available in SAS. In ad dition, we shall introduce some diagnostic. ideas which can he wed to examine the data and the model as sumptions. These ideas will suggest a new estimation procedure. Numerical examples .are used 10 illustrate the basic concepts | covariance, restricted maximum likelihood, likelihood function, sample, proc step, proc mixed, proc genmod | source | 4 |
| 312 | Version 6 Data Library Engines In The CMS Environment | Ronald Page | This paper discusses the concept of the data library engine as it relates.to applications in Version 6 of tile SAS System. The structure of the Multiple Engine Architecture (MEA) is described. The data library engine is examined. with emphasis placed on the types of engines and examples of their use. Special consider ations are made in relating these topics to the eMS environment. Also discussed is the introduction of the L1BNAME statement as it relates to tf1e association of an engine to a physical data library | dataset, libname statement, bufsize, format statement, proc step, work library | source | 6 |
| 313 | Views - Your Window On Data | Paul Kent | Thlspaperdescribes the creation and storage of user-deflnedviews of physical data, .s Implemented by various components 01 the SAS System_ It addresses both the similarities and differences among: VJews created using the features of the native database management system (DBMS). VIews created using the ACCESS procedUfe to associate SAS names and other information with data stored in an external DBMS such as ORAClE, System 2000, or IBM's OB2~. * Views created using the SOt. procedure, SAS Institute's Implemeotation of Structured Query Language (504. PROC SOL Is avaHallIe with Release 6.06 oIthe SAS System. The SAS System Is developing "database ability". Indexes, WHERE clauses, SAS data set compression, and PROC SOL are examples of $AS Instftute's efforts to upgrade !he database·like faeRies available to the SAS user. The SAS/ACCESS~ family of products opens gateways to more and more externai databases. There Is a Jot of common ground among these diverse database systems |
source | 3 | |
| 314 | Weighted Multicollinearity Diagnostics for Logistic Regression | Brian D. Marx, Eric P. Smith |
Logistic multiple regression is a special case oT the generalized linear model utilizing the logit link function with binomial response data (NeIder and Wedderburn, 1972). Maximum likelihood estimation, via the method oT scoring~ is commonly imposed to estimate unknown parameter ve'Ctor~ 2., in the -following relationship: Iogit (H) X f!. Estimation and prediction problems, similar to those of least squares multiple regression can arise in logistic regression resulting from multicollinearity among continuous regressors in the X matrix. Traditional multicollinearity diagnostics using SAS~ software, as presented in PROC REG~ may not be relevant to logistic regression since they are based on the condition OT X'X. Further theoret i ca.l exami nat ion suggests that the condition oT the !stimated information matrix, X'VX, where V = diag {n. (l-fr~)}, is more pertinent to .the logistic regression |
logistic regression, regression analysis, logistic distribution, proc step, correlation, multiple regression, proc reg, condition index, maximum likelihood estimation, macro definition, likelihood function | source | 6 |
| 315 | What Does R2 Measure? | Steven F. Thomson | regression analysis, correlation, sample, proc reg | source | 4 | |
| 316 | What Is the SAS System? Another View | Jay A. Jaffe | dataset, sas base, macro variable, macro facility, macro definition | source | 4 | |
| 317 | Writing Efficient C Programs Using the SAS/C Compiler | Oliver Bradley | If your programs are written in C and you use the SAS/C com piler. there are a number of ways to make your programs run faster. This paper addresses ways to generate more efficient code and then discusses how to use ClIO efficiently. IMPROVING CODe EFFICIENCY Use the Global Optimizer One of the easiest things you can do to improve the effICiency of your C code With Release 4.00 requires no code changes at all. Release 4.00 01 the SASfC compiler includes a Global Opti mizer that performs optimizations such as merging common sub expressions, eliminating dead COde. constant propagation. and strength reduction. The Global Optimizer also allocates registers. placing the most highly used variables for each section of code in registers. This eliminates any need for you to select and specify register variables by hand. Take Advantage of Leaf Functions A leaf function is a function that calls no other functions. This property means that the function is always at the end of a calling sequence |
lookup, txt | source | 4 |
| 318 | Writing Portable SAS Programs | Sally J. Painter | As SAS Institute approaches a new era, it becomes increasingly important to develop software applications independent of oper ating system or SAS version. This paper introduces statements and techniques available with current releases of the SAS Sys tem to accomplish this task. As an example, the UBNAME state ment. currently available with Version 5 of the SAS System. can be used to create applications independent of operating system commands. Since this statement will also be available in a future release, using it now can reduce code changes later | proc step, dataset, raw data, proc copy, proc cimport, proc cport, proc download, proc upload | source | 3 |
| 319 | You Too Can Produce and Customize Complex Graphs Using the Annotate Facility and the GSLIDE Procedure with Release 6.03 of SAS/GRAPH Software | Ron Lovell | histogram, macro definition | source | 6 |
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