WUSS 1999 Papers - Index

90 papers. Source: WUSS (Western Users of SAS Software) conference proceedings.

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Extras	Pages
1	A Logistic Regression on the Qualities of Educational Research: Characteristics of Publishable Articles	Leping Liu, George C. J. Fernandez	In educational research, especially in the field of using computer technology in education, there has been a gap between researchers and readers that was caused by poor research design or writing. This study will present some major problems that influenced the quality of research and the characteristics of a publishable research article. A logistic regression was performed to analyze six research quality variables - theme and focus, research design, instrument, findings and conclusions, references, and writing - to determine which variable(s) would influence the probability for an article to be published. The data source was an editorial management database for a referred international journal in the field of educational technology. The findings of this study suggested some useful information for researchers and researchers to improve the quality of research.	logistic distribution, response variable, regression analysis, logistic regression, predictor variable, data science	source	5
2	A Macro for Managing Long Text Strings and Producing Pretty SAS Reports	Cecilie Birmer	A 200 character text string can be unwieldy in a SAS report. SAS reporting functions truncate text strings and generally are not flexible enough to please detail oriented managers. This talk will illustrate a macro that untangles these long text strings. They will be transformed into bits which wrap at appropriate places. The paper will also cover some wrong turns and right turns taken in approaching this common report problem.	proc step, data step	source	3
3	A SAS Analysis of Some Major Economic Effects of the Asian Crisis on the World Advanced and Developing Economies	Kamal Shoukry	Recent financial crises in Asian countries have generated wide fluctuations in world financial markets and international trade transactions ',;ich in turn have imposed some ('ecessionary presssures leading to changes in macroeconomic variables and counter-economic policy measures. The	interest rate, correlation, regression analysis	source	4
4	A SAS IML Macro for Performing Koch's Stratified Test of Equivalence	Jimmy Thomas Efrid	In this paper, we describe a method for evaluating incidence rates amongst a stratified reference and suspect population with the goal of establishing the statistical equivalence between the groups. Unlike traditional surveillance or intervention methods which focus on detecting a difference in rates, the underlying premise of the equivalence method is to establish that the incidence rates between populations are the same within a predefined range of equivalence, e.g., -8 to +8. Failure to detect a difference using a comparative means does not infer equivalence, but may merely reflect a lack of power to show that a difference exists. On the other hand, absolute equivalence is impossible to demonstrate, in that equivalence is defined relative to stated error probabilities and the resultant size of the groups. Deviations in conduct that effectively reduce variation may lead to false conclusions of equivalency. A finding of equivalence does not imply lack of effect, as both groups may be equally effective.	confidence interval, factor analysis	source	5
5	A SAS Macro for Hierarchical Data Simulation	Weimin (Wiliiam) Sun, Chih-Ping Chou	Behavioral and social data usually have a hierarchical (multilevel) structure. Within the hierarchical model, each of the levels in the data structure is represented by Ii sub model. Each sub-model contains the parameters on the structural relationship. The parameters contained at the lower level are used as the outcome variables at the higher level model. A SAS Macro has been developed to simulate normal/non-normal data with hierarchical structure. Skewness and Kurtosis are used to specify the non normality.	macro definition, response variable, correlation, proc mixed	source	6
6	A SAS/AF Application for Parallel Extraction, Transformation, and Scoring of a Very Large Database	Daniel W. Kohn, David L. Kuhn	This paper describes a `SAS/AF` application to extract large volumes of data in parallel from a multiple-terabyte RDBMS and directly populate a parallel SASe data mart. During population, the application allows the user to perform CPU intensive data transformation/normalization operations in parallel. This application also allows models generated by Enterprise MinerTM software to be deployed in parallel to score the entire data mart, or subsets of it. Parallel execution is achieved using Torrent Systems' Orchestrate application development and runtime environment which , allows the application to * extract data in parallel from a parallel	data mart, sample, proc sql, parallel processing, sas analyst, normalization, by group processing	source	7
7	A Simple Fee-For-Service SAS Application Used in a Government Public Health Office	Jay Gravink	In an age when tax payers demand higher value for their tax dollar, the County of Los Angeles-Oepartment of Health Services Office of AIDS Programs and Policy (OAPP) needed to find a way to hold itself and associated public entities more accountable for each public heatth dollar spent on the rather expensive HIV/AIDS preventionlintervention service known as 'HIV Counseling and Testing.' Understanding both business and public health	proc step, if-then-else	source	6
8	An Everyday Guide to Versions 7 and 8 of the SAS System	Susan J. Slaughter, Lora D. Delwiche	The new versions of the SAS System introduce many important innovations. But with so many advanced and specialized features, it's easy to miss the fact that there are also many features to help beginners and occasional users too. This paper describes the changes and additions that we believe every SAS user should know-features that will change the way you use SAS every day. So, whether you are a beginner learning SAS for the first time, or an experienced SAS programmer wanting a quick start with the new versions, this paper is for you.	proc step, dataset, proc import, proc export, options statement, proc print, delimited file, sas output, output, ods output, by group processing, sas log, file statement, missing value, proc tabulate	source	10
9	Application of Poisson Model in Non-Market Valuation: Cave Rock Climbing Data Analysis Using SAS Macros	Yuanfang Lin	The paper focuses on the application of the Poisson model in the research of recreational economics using contingent valuation methods. User-friendly SAS macros developed by Dr. Fernandez are used to perform exploratory and Poisson models. The comparison is also made between SAS and some other statistical software, such as GAUSS and Limdep. The SAS macros (Univar & Genmod) are very powerful tools for data exploration of contingent valuation survey especially in outlier detection, distribution analysis and graphic presentation.	poisson regression, outlier, poisson distribution, binary variable, macro definition	source	5
10	Application of Threshold Models to the Detection of IgG and IgM Antibodies	Louis Munyakazi		sample, output delivery system, probability distribution, latent variable, regression analysis, likelihood function	source	4
11	Are Histograms Giving You Fits? New SAS Software for Analyzing Distributions	Nathan A. Curtis	Exploring and modeling the distribution of a data sample is a key step in many applications of statistics and data mining. This presentation will introduce you to software for creating high-resolution graphics displays of data distributions, including histograms, probability plots, and quantile-quantile plots, which have been added to the `UNIVARIATE` procedure in Version 8. Comparative versions of these displays are available, along with statistical methods for fitting parametric and nonparametric distributional models. For data invoMng multiple samples, you can create box plot displays with the new `BOXPLOT` procedure in SASlSTAr software.	histogram, box plot, proc univariate, proc step, sample, lognormal distribution, confidence interval, standard deviation, qq plot, proc boxplot, normal distribution, null hypothesis, probability distribution, sample size, output delivery system	source	10
12	Audit Trail Plug-ins for SAS Software Applications	Clark Roberts, Deborah A. Testa, Russell Holmes	Secure access and change tracking are two important factors to consider when devetoping software apptications today. A combination of SAS and operating system security measures can be implemented to easHy secure a database. Tracking changes in SAS, on the other hand, has always required custom programming, a costly task. SAS Version 7 will have some ability to track changes. but may not be enough to suit the needs in some applications. SynAudlt'· was developed with the goal of providing Plug-n-Play modules that could be easily integrated into any SAS application to track which records and fields were changed, who made the changes and when they were made. It also provides push button access to the change history of the record currently being edited, as well as, dataset level rollback capabilities The paper will discuss the steps required to implement SynAudit i.nto an application and provide a simple example for demonstration.	audit dataset, audit trail	source	6
13	Beginners Guide to Flexibility: Macro Variables	Mel Widawski	Expert programmers rarely program from scratch, rather they use existing code and modify it. Use macro variables to facilitate writing code that is flexible and easy to re-use. Put information such as file locations, lists of variables, and selection criteria in macro variables at the beginning of a program and simply refer to them as needed throughout the program. You will learn how to create and use these macro variables. Please be aware that you can use these macro variables without having to learn the SAS!/!) macro language. Using macro variables is extremely simple.	macro variable, macro put, &variable, macro facility	source	5
14	Building a Data Entry and Correction System by Synchronizing the Data Table and the Data Form	Hung X. Phan	The Data Set Entry classes display the contents of SAS data sets as follows: Data Form displays one row of a SAS data set at a time using `SAS/AF` widgets to represent the columns. Data Table provides a tabular display of multiple rows of a SAS data set. This paper will illustrate a technique of combining the best of both, Data Table and Data Form, to build a Data Entry and Correction System. This system will have a Data Table widget displayed on the top half of a frame and a Data Form widget on the bottom half. When a row within the Data Table is clicked, the same record is displayed on the Data Form where data may be entered and/or modified. Buttons on a toolbar allow the users to perform various functions:	dataset, where statement	source	8
15	Building an Audit and Tracking System Using SAS/AF and SCL	Hung X. Phan	This paper describes how to build an audit and tracking system using `SAS/AF` and SCL. There will be a master data set which contains the original information and several transaction data sets which contain the new information. The audit system will take information from the transaction data sets and apply changes to the master data set. An audit data set will be used to keep track of all changes. The tracking system will display the master data set in the first data table on the top half of the screen and the audit data set in the second data table on the bottom half. To track a record the user clicks on a row within a given data table. The selected record is then highlighted and displayed in the top row of the two data tables where the user can easily compare and/or view changes made to the record-. Buttons on a toolbar, FIND,	transaction data, dataset, master data management, libname statement, proc sql	source	7
16	Calculating the Probability of Hospitalization as a Function of Time Using the SAS System's PROC PHREG	Tyler C. Smith	Objective: To analyze the differences between hospitalizations for two cohorts with incomplete data using Cox's proportional hazard modeling with censoring. This will ultimately allow for the creation of probability of hospitalization curves by cohort. Methods: Using `PROC PHREG`, two cohorts were compared for a specific hospitalization outcome over the time period of March 10, 1991 through September 30, 1995. An individual contributed to the Cox proportional hazards model until time of event, or until censoring at time of withdrawal or termination of study. The baseline option in `PROC PHREG` was used to create and output the survival estimates, which are a function of the probability estimates over time. Results: Cox modeling showed no increased risk for hospitalization among subjects in the exposed cohort when compared to the nonexposed cohort. Conclusions: The SAS System's `PROC PHREG` with baseline option is a powerful tool for dealing with attrition of subjects over a study period and for producing probability of event curves as a function of time.	survival analysis, hazard function, proc phreg, proc step, predictor variable, survival function, probability distribution	source	5
17	Combining SAS Data Sets in Educational Research	Leping Liu, George C. J. Fernandez	In the field of education, research data were usually collected from several sites. Sometimes, the observations lasted several years. And during the process of research, the researchers might consider to add more variables to analyze the relationships or differences. This caused one problem to the data analysis: the data sets - from different sites, different years, or including different variables - needed to be combined or merged into one set. This paper will present an educational study in which several SAS data sets were combined or merged to investigate the influences of several attitude variables on students' computer achievements. The processes and some problems of combining/merging SAS data sets will be discussed.	data science, dataset, regression analysis, multiple regression	source	6
18	Consorting with Questions: How Technical Support Managers Requests for Assistance	David W. Helwig	SAS Institute Inc. is recognized as having one of the best technical support divisions. Many organizations use the Institute's technical support as a model of how to deliver quality support. This paper discusses how SAS Institute's technical support tracks and manages requests for assistance.		source	3
19	Constructing a Data Warehouse as the Foundation for a Client/Serveer Application System	Curtis A. Smith	How does a developer construct a data warehouse? To be effective, a data warehouse must be well organized, easy to understand, easy to use, and easy to access. It will likely draw data from a number of sources, mu~iple business segments, mu~iple time periods, and have varying degrees of detail. The data warehouse then becomes the foundation for user applications. Often the data warehouse must reside on a large-scale computer and be accessed over a network. In this case, the user app6cations must run In a clIentJserver environment. With the SAS System the developer can build a user friendly, point-and-cllck, drag-and-drop, client/server application environment. Here the author will describe the steps he took, the tools he used, and the lessons he learned when constructing a data warehouse as the foundation fora client/server application system.	libname statement, dataset, proc step, data warehouse, raw data, proc means, macro variable, proc contents, flat file, cpu time, by group processing, sas log, label statement	source	8
20	Creating Text Output Files Automatically with SAS Macro	S. Patrick Thornton	A SAS macro program was created to produce output files using PUT statements that included all variables in a given data set. The program puts data in a chosen output file using formats predefined in the data set or temporary formats chosen just prior to macro execution. The program allows customized control of several aspects of the PUT statement including the choice of data delimiter and the temporary override of data set formats either for specific variables or for all variables of a specific type. The program was developed for use in an environment lacking more sophisticated communication protocals, thus it creates custom production text files as a basis for data exchange with other programs.	put statement, sas log, macro variable, txt	source	5
21	Creating Visual Basic Macros in MS Word and MS Excel to Manage Mainframe Output on a PC	Lynn G. Palmer	You can record macros in MSW ord that allow you to take a file of your mainframe output and reformat it at the press of a button. This paper will present how to use SAS `PROC` PRINTIO and MSVisual Basic macros to change your 11" by 17" output to 8.5" by 11" and print off your PC printer. It will also cover how to set a macro to load a mainframe text file of your data into MSExcel.	proc step, proc printto	source	4
22	Crusing to new altitudes after struggling up the Y2K hill. Lessons learnt and how to make the most of them.	Bruce Kayton	The year 2000 is fast approaching and by now systems should be in the process of final remediation if not already fully tested and compliant. In the past months many individuals have been affected in one way or the other by the coming change in century. People that are closely involved, are probably acutely aware of the "if only we had done this that and the other" syndrome. In this paper I wish to present some issues that arose out of the Y2K compliance process and how we can take that experience and work more effectively and efficiently in the future.	macro variable, staging area	source	3
23	Customer Referral Using Zip Code	Loan X. Nguyen	This pap'er presents an application that uses the SAse System for the PC to refer customers to the nearest payment office. The application uses Base SAS and SAS Macro Language to calculate direct distances among zip codes in the service area. It ranks payment offices by proximity, and the result is then uploaded to an automated voice system for access using a touch-tone phone.	macro facility, excel	source	6
24	Data Mining: An Overview of Methods and Technologies for Increasing Profits in Direct Marketing	C. Olivia Parr Rud	Data Mining is a new term for the common practice of searching through data to find patterns, which will predict future outcomes or define measurable relationships. Statistical and machine leaming methods are the favored tools of many businesses that utilize direct marketing. This paper will explore some of the typical uses of Data Mining in direct marketing with discussions and examples of measuring response, risk and lifetime customer value. The paper will conclude with highlights of SAS Enterprise Miner and its ability to, transform the Data Mining process.	sample, logistic distribution, logistic regression, missing value, regression analysis, univariate analysis, data cleaning, predictor variable, product profitability, interval variable, response variable, proc logistic, proc step, data mining, gain chart	source	6
25	Delivering Results with the Output Delivery System (ODS)	Kirk Paul Lafler	The Output Delivery System (`ODS`) in Version 7 of the SAS System controls the formatting of all procedure output. It has many great features and provides flexibility when working with output since each output is split into two component objects: a data component and a template component. The data object contains the raw data values for each piece of output while the template object contains how the piece should look.	output delivery system, file statement	source	3
26	Directing into the Millennium: Quantifying the Role of the American Director Using SAS Statistical Procedures	James D. Ryan	The role of the director is critical to any theatrical or cinema endeavor. Using the BAS Sytem this paper explores from an historical as well as statistical perspective, the growth of American theatre directors. The paper begins with an historical perspective on the Directors Guild of America. Following this, numerous SAS procedures such as `PROC AUTOREG` and `PROC ARIMA` are used to estimate, test and forecast the future number of directing opportunities available on Broadway. Gross Oomestic Product (GDP) is used as a baseline for comparison.	proc step, proc arima, proc autoreg	source	4
27	Efficiency Techniques for SAS Software Users	Kirk Paul Lafler	As SASe Software becomes increasingly more popular, guidelines for its efficient use grows greater. This paper presents a collection of techniques for gaining efficiency while using SAS Software. Areas deserving special consideration include program execution, 110, disk space as well as an often overlooked item known as program maintenance. Sample code is presented to illustrate numerous practical techniques as to why some methods are better than others.	proc sql, cpu time, proc step, drop statement, dataset, length statement, numeric variable, where statement	source	6
28	Evaluating Student Performance in Statistics Using SAS/ETS Procedures	Seid M. Zekavat, Marianna Fratkina	This paper intends to studr the semester trend of students performance in Statistics beyond the first exam. It addresses the question of whether the final exam scores, which represent the semester performance, tend to decline, remain at the same level, or improve during the semester. The study also considers the influence of gender in students' performance in terms of the three variables of declining! remaining the same or improving 1n relation to the first exam. A cursory view of the data used in this study shows that 70% of students' grades falls below or remains the same as the first exam grade. In other words, the probability that a statistics student improves his grade beyond the first exam is only 30%. The use of multiple regression procedure and relative frequency confirms the earlier presumRtion. The Pearson correlation coefficients and t tests of hypotheses suggest a strong relationship between the first 9rade and the final semester grade ln undergraduate statistics courses.	anova, correlation, pearson correlation, response variable, proc corr, proc reg, multiple regression, regression analysis	source	4
29	Exploring Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Data with the SAS Analyst Application	Stewart L. Fossceco, Nathan A. Curtis	ELISA methods are fundamental tools in the pharmaceutical industry with applications in drug discovery, animal studies, and clinical trials. ELiSAs are readily automated and thus capable of high throughput quantification of analyte concentrations. Uke other categories of bioassay, ELiSAs are often performed on a 96-well microplate in a standard 8-row by 12-column format. Response measures from microplates often exhibit reproducible row and column patterns and several levels of variability. The SAS Analyst Application provides a graphical user interface for basic statistical techniques that can be used by scientists to explore and assess the magnitude of patterns and variability sources in assay execution. The Analyst Application provides	sample, proc mixed, clinical trial, prediction interval, histogram, fixed effects, main effect, class variable, estimate, box plot, logistic distribution, response variable, anova	source	9
30	Forecasting Geographic Data	Michael J. Leonard, Renee Samy	Virtually all businesses collect and use data that are associated with geographic locations, whether it is sales, customer demand, or profits at different locations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a means for visualizing and analyzing such data. Collecting each region's time series into a vector time series forms a geographic time series. Multivariate modeling techniques can then be used to model correlation between geographic regions to improve forecast accuracy. This paper provides a practical demonstration of using a V AR model restricted by an adjacency matrix to forecast and visualize a geographic time series using SAS software. In particular, Base SAS software is used to manage and query the data and generate the adjacency matrix. SASIETS software is used to model the VAR process and forecast the geographic time series. `SAS/GIS` software is used to map the geographic regions, select the regions to analyze, and visualize the forecasts.	time series analysis, correlation, sample, autoregressive model, sas base	source	7
31	From SAS Access to E-Mail: Building an Automated Report Application	Karl Jensen, Matthew L. Greathouse	Since its inception, SAS" has been a powerful tool for creating statistical reports. For the most part, however, these reports have lacked visual appeal. With the use of BASE SAS, Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) and MS `EXCEL`, the look of reports can be substantially improved. Also, by using SAS ACCESS to ODBC, reports can be automated to pull data directly from their source using `PROC SQL`. This paper will show the beginning and intermediate SAS user how to develop dialog boxes that prompt for report parameters using the WINDOW and DISPLAY statements, import the data through ODBC with the `PROC SQL` procedure, export the desired output to `EXCEL` templates using DOE, and then directly E-mail the report to desired recipients.	excel, macro variable, macro definition, filename statement, proc sql, proc step, conditional do loop, infile statement, put statement, sample, macro function	source	7
32	Functioning With Data Step Functions	Arthur L. Carpenter	Functions provide access to powerful tools and routines that make our everyday programming life easier. However since there are so many functions, some programmers are unaware of potentially valuable tools. To make matters worse many functions have been added to the SAS System since the Version 6 manuals were first published, and consequently many of these functions are under utilized. Additionally most of the functions that were originally only available in Screen Control Language are now, with the latest releases of .version 6, available in the `DATA STEP`. Selected functions from the categories of new, under utilized, neglected, and formerly SCL are discussed through the use of examples.	sas base, character functions	source	9
33	Generating Component Documentation with SAS/AF Software	Marty Tomasi, Chris Barrett	As applications developers continue to adopt object-oriented programming techniques in their appfications, documenting those objects becomes an increasingly important task. `SAS/AF` software includes GenOoc, a documentation utility that enables you to generate HTML files that document class, interface, resource, and frame entties. You can view the HTML files through most standard Web browsers. This paper describes how to use GenDoc to create HTML pages that document the classes, interfaces, and frames you develop. This paper also presents strategies and processes for generating documentation for entire resources and catalogs.	batch processing, catalog	source	4
34	Getting Started with SQL	Kirk Paul Lafler	The `SQL` Procedure has so many great features for both end-users and programmers. It's fun, easy to learn and use, and can often result in fewer and shorter lines of code than using conventional DATA and `PROC STEP` methods. This paper will present the many reasons for learning the `SQL` procedure. Examples will illustrate how `PROC SQL` can be used to retrieve data, subset and query data, order and group data, create and modify tables, perform statistical computations, produce reports, construct views, join two or more tables of data, and exchange data between your favorite data base and the SAS System by using the SQL Pass Through Facility.	proc sql, proc step, select, group by, where statement, order by, alter table, proc contents, delete	source	6
35	Getting Up to Speed with PROC REPORT	Kimberly J. LeBouton	Learning the basics of `PROC REPORT` can help the new SAS user avoid hours of headaches. `PROC REPORT` can often be used in lieu of `PROC TABULATE` or DATA `_NULL_` reporting--two areas that have driven the new SAS user crazy!!! With the added capabilities of `ODS` provided in Version 7 and Version 8, `PROC REPORT` can look as sharp as an `EXCEL` report. This paper will show how to use `PROC REPORT` in both a windowing and non-windowing environment.	proc report, proc step, proc print, proc tabulate	source	6
36	Hook or Crook	Curtis A. Smith	Ever have troubles getting a SAS job to complete. although your SAS code is bug free? Often, especially when processing large amounts of data. your operating environment just does not have enough resources to complete your SAS job the way you have written H. Likely. a solution to the rellOUrce problems you have or might encounter exists. Herein. the author will share some of his tavorne tricks to squeeze more out of the operating environment and for working SAS code around resource limitations. These tricks will include SAS code. $AS options. and operating system parameters and deal wHh subjects such as reducing the number of SAS data sets needed. reducing the size of SAS data sets, sorting efficiencies, optimizing data library parameters. and cleaning up the work environment.	dataset, work library, proc means, libname statement, by group processing, proc sort, proc step, character variable, numeric variable, batch job	source	6
37	How to Use Version 7 and Version 8 Features to Optimize the Distributed Capabilities of SAS Software	Cheryl A. Garner	This paper introduces several new Version 7 and Version 8 `SAS/CONNECT` capabilities designed to facilitate and secure distributed processing. The features covered in this paper include: asynchronous compute services; multi-process (MP) CONNECT; cross-environment data access (CEDA); messaging services; remote objecting services; agent services; and encryption services. Asynchronous compute services allow you to initiate a remote submit and immediately regain control in the local SAS session to continue processing. MP CONNECT allows you to do multi-processing with the SAS System. CEDA enables direct processing of SAS data files across multiple platforms. Messaging capabilities provide both direct and indirect messaging to facilitate the development of multi-tiered distributed applications and applications that can communicate independently of time, logic flow, and location. Remote objecting provides application developers the ability to distribute objects in their applications across hardware platforms. Agent services allow both scheduled and dynamic execution of SAS source code containing built-in conditions.	sas output, macro variable, proc step, dataset, mp connect	source	11
38	HTML Table Report Using the SAS DATA STEP	Cyril Ravindra	Web publishing has quickly become an important delivery media for information. SAS Institute provides various macros for web publishing. These macros create reports similar to the reports produced by SAS output procedures. While these reports are still powerful in presenting complex information, some times they have their own limitations and disadvantages. When it comes to creating customized reports, the SAS data null step programming is the best solution. With some basic knowledge of HTML tags and the SAS data null steps, one can format a regular SAS output into a HTML document, that can be viewed in a web browser (see Figure I at the end of this paper).	sas output, sample	source	3
39	Implementing IT Service Vision: Experiences of a "Traditional" SAS Programmer	Kimberly J. LeBouton	With the implementation of SAS Business Solutions, SAS programmers are faced with new challenges. Rather than developing new, fully customized systems, SAS programmers are installing packaged applications created by SAS Institute. This paper discusses my experiences implementing IT Service Vision software for a client. Areas to be discussed: installing IT Service Vision working with the interactive interface building and maintaining a performance database generating reports and executive	sas programmer, sas programming	source	5
40	Implementing SAS/IntrNet for Clinical Information Management	Sy J. Truong	Clinical information management is a challenging and complex task in an environment of changing regulatory requirements. Rather than adding extra layers of abstraction to bewilder users, this paper will demonstrate a new system called TRIALEX'" which simplifies the process of managing a clinical trial. The TRIALEX"" System represents the next generation in information delivery since it goes beyond the client/server model and is deployed completely within the thin client model. This system was developed entirely in SASlIntrNet to deliver an intuitive Web interface for accessibility and ease of use. This paper will also address some of the unique challenges faced when developing within a thin client architecture.	data cleaning, audit trail	source	9
41	Indexing and Compressing SAS Data Sets: How, Why, and Why Not	Andrew H. Karp	Many users of SAS System software, especially those working with 'large' data sets, are often confronted with two challenges: a) how can the data set be made 'smaller,' without deleting important variables and/or observations? and, b) can the time required to retrieve subsets of these observations be reduced? Recent releases of the SAS System contain tools which address both of these problems, and this paper discusses how they can be used appropriately to accomplish the desired results. The paper also suggests instances where either compression or indexing are not the appropriate steps to take. At the outset, it should be understood that compression and indexing SAS data sets are two separate concepts. At times it is appropriate to apply an index to a data set, but not compress it, or vice versa.	dataset, character variable, where statement, numeric variable, proc step, length statement	source	5
42	Intranet development for mainframe programmers	Matthew Wallace	This presentation will describe how to utilize existing languages and utilities currently available, with no additional costs, to programmers to develop a Web based application that will extract mainframe information. The information is extracted from the mainframe and returned to the Web for access by others within the company. This is an alternate approach to creating a data warehouse. The cost of a project like this usually involves only work hours, no additional software is needed. 311 Figure 2: Trend graphs of web tool usage Milo Report Usage 4500 4400 4300 420. ~~!		source	2
43	Investigating Seasonality in BLS Data Using PROC ARIMA	Joseph E. Earley	This paper illustrates how the SAS System statistical procedure `PROC ARIMA` may be used to detect, estimate and forecast time series characterized by seasonal patterns. The series selected for analysis are maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics'. In particular, ARIMA models are developed for urate, the civilian labor force unemployment rate for workers 16 years and older (Series:LFU21000000) and for eduservices, the number of employees in educational services (Series:EEU80820001). The paper illustrates how the autocorrelation and partial correlation functions are used to detect and model seasonality in the series. Finally, results determined from this methodology are compared with those derived by using the ARIMA option from the SAS procedure `PROC` Xll.	time series analysis, proc step, seasonal adjustment, null hypothesis, moving average, proc arima, correlation, estimate, proc calis	source	6
44	Let SAS Do the Work for You: Interface SCL Classes from webAF Application	Yvonne Selby	With the new Java based webAF tools provided with AppDev Studio, it is possible to create dynamic applications that use the power of SAS! AF software classes to interface with your applets or applications. If you're familiar with creating CLASS entries in Screen Component Language (SCL), you can write interfaces to your classes to take advantage of those classes within your Java application. This paper will demonstrate the process of creating and executing remote SCL interfaces using webAF. INTRODUCfION webAF provides components which allow you to view various types of SAS files such as data sets and MDDB files. Other components provided in webAF include models (or interfaces) to non-visual SAS structures such as library lists, catalogs, and data Sets. Interfaces are also provided to allow you to submit code to SAS and retrieve the LOG and OUlPUT window	where statement, if-then-else	source	10
45	Managing a Multi-tier Data Warehousing Environment with the SAS/Warehouse Adminstrator	Darrell Barton	This paper describes a multi-tier computing environment and demonstrates the use of the SASlWarehouse Administrator software to manage the process of data extraction and data movement using different middleware products. The legacy data that is the source used to populate a data warehouse may reside in many formats and on many platforms. There are several middleware products available that can be used to extract and move that data from the source systems to the data warehouse. Some of these products include ODBC drivers, database middleware such as Oracle Corporation's client software, and `SAS/CONNECT` software. SAS software and the SASlWarehouse Administrator software can be used to build and manage the data warehousing process which exploits the existing hardware platforms, data storage formats, network topology, and middleware products while controlling the load on the network.	data warehouse, oracle, sql server, proc sql	source	6
46	Managing Your SAS Web Applications by Using Web Page Counters Created Through SAS/IntrNet Software	Heather Travel	U S West analysts use counters on many of their web pages to monitor the use of. internal reporting tools. The information from these counters indicates whether a tool is meeting the needs of the customer, and possibly whether the analyst should even continue maintaining the tool. In the move to use dynamic web reports created with SASllntrNet software as opposed to static HTML files and Perl scripts, the assumption was that counters based on Perl scripts would still be used. However, counters can be created using Simple techniques through SASllntrNet tools and base SAS software, keeping the programming consistent, and giving the analyst easy access to data that can be instrumental in determining work priorities. Data retrieved from counter data sets can easily be plotted with `SAS/GRAPH` software to find out whether usage is increasing or decreasing, and to also find out patterns of fluctuation.	data step, proc sql	source	2
47	Manipulating SCL Lists Available Through EIS Classes To Customize A Multidimensional Report	Jessica M. Gallegos, Matthew E. Westover	The multidimensional report in SASlEIS provides an interface which enables the construction of a simple cross-tabulation. A classification field or a drill-down hierarchy is crossed with another and a statistic is produced from either a SAS data file or a multidimensional database (MODS). What happens when an elementary user desires to change the multidimensional report? This paper's goal is to provide examples of how to manipulate and customize the components within a multidimensional report at build time. Detailed SeL will follow on the use of methods and SeL lists available within specific SASJEIS dasses that allows customizaHon of a multidimensional report. The final result is that an end user can access a multidimensional database through a multidimensional report, and alter the components through a completely transparent process.	proc means, sample	source	4
48	Mergers & Acquistions in a Data Warehousing Environment	Demetris Papaiacovou	Since the start of deregulation in the Telecommunications Industry, mergers and acquisitions have been in the news everyday. It began with telecommunications companies around the country merging together; it expanded to telecommunications companies around the world; and it spread to every other industry. Mergers and acquisitions have become the new way of doing business as global economies open their markets to each other. With the mergers and acquisitions of companies come mergers and acquisitions of data. As companies were getting exposed to the information superhighway, they tumed to data warehousing methods for handling the large volumes of data. With mergers and acquisitions, a new element of complexity was introduced, namely a new structure of data from different systems, different industries, and different business rules.	data warehouse, data validation rules	source	3
49	Minimizing Mixed Output	Stefanie J. Silva, Dave P. Miller	`PROC MIXED` is a powerful tool capable of producing numerous statistics; however, it is often the case that only two or three key statistics per model are required to summarize the results. When many models are run involving different response variables, subsets of cases, or minor variations in the model structure, thumbing through the numerous pages of output to locate statistics of primary interest becomes tedious. The Output Delivery System (`ODS`), a feature of `PROC MIXED`, used in conjunction with `PROC DATASETS`, `PROC APPEND`, the `DATA STEP`, and `PROC PRINT` can simplify this process. Our	proc step, proc mixed, proc print, proc calis	source	4
50	Modeling Individual Utility Functions Using SAS PROC LOGISTIC: A Case Study Using the NES Data Set	Godofredo Gatus	The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the SAS System may be used to develop a model which can estimate and predict individual utility functions. Numerous SAS multivariate procedures are used such as `PROC REG`, `PROC AUTOREG`, `PROC CORR` and `PROC LOGISTIC`. The unique data set of interest to be used is the American National Election Survey (NES) of 1996.	regression analysis, logistic distribution, proc step, proc logistic, response variable, residual, proc reg, predictor variable	source	4
51	Moving to Version 8 in SAS/AF: An Application Developer's Perspective	Steven A. Wilson	Development ofSAS/AF applications in Version 8 is much different than Version 6 of tile SAS System, and much improved over Version 7. Version 8 completes the Nashville Project, representing a more robust realization of an object oriented development environment This change ~ impact all SASlAF development groups as Versions 7, 8, and 9 installed at sites throughout the globe. MAlARO Info Systems, as a developer ofSAS-based clinical software that is installed at many biotech and pharmaceutical companies, is acutely affected by these changes.	catalog entry, proc step, dataset, constraint, data cleaning, histogram	source	10
52	ODS for Data Analysis: Output As-You-Like-It in Version 7	Christopher R. Olinger, Randall D. Tobias	This paper discusses advances made in the output generated by all Version 7 SAS Software procedures. New features provided by the Output Delivery System (`ODS`) include automatic rendering of procedure output in HTML for the web, rich-text, Postscript or PCL format, output data sets from any printed output, and the ability to edit the look and feel of most output. `ODS` also supports all legacy line-mode printing and supports a document feature to allow post-procedure replaying of output. This talk introduces `ODS` features to be delivered in Version 7 and provides some concrete examples of how data analysts and statisticians can take advantage of the feature set provided by `ODS`.		source	8
53	Placing Dates in Your Titles: Do It Dynamically	Arthur L. Carpenter	Suppose you want your SAS- output to contain a date/time stamp. By default each output procedure places this information in the upper right corner on each page, this is a good start and is often 'good enough', but it has limitations. These limitations include: no choice in date format no choice in location * dateltime measured from the start of the current SAS session It is not uncommon to want to overcome these limitations by placing the date (time or date/time) in the title. To be practical, we do not want to recode the TITLE statement before each execution of the program. Recoding is avoided by placing the value dynamically (the program itself determines the correct values). A dynamic title will capture and use the actual dateltime at the time of execution and could even use the format of your choice. This means that your favorite programs can produce titles with an accurate date and/or time stamp, without any intervention on your part.	macro variable, macro function, automatic macro variable, title statement, date variable	source	3
54	Polychotomous Logistic Regression and the Creation of Odds Ratios and Confidence Intervals Using the SAS PROC CATMOD	Besa Nushi	Objective: To determine if differences in odds exist among levels in categorical independent variables with respect to a categorical multi-level dependent variable. Methods: Using a multivariate polychotomous logistic approach and the SAS System's `PROC CATMOD`, risk factors were assessed for a multi-level outcome variable over the time period of October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998. This modeling was followed by using a short algorithm created to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each of the independent variables using the adjusted parameter estimates. This provided insight into the relationship between the variables and allowed determination as to whether certain strata were at increased or decreased odds of having a response at a particular level over the reference strata. Conclusions: Multiple level response variables can be handled efficiently by using a polychotomous logistic regression technique and the SAS System's `PROC CATMOD`. This procedure will output parameter estimates adjusted for the other independent variables, which can then be used to create odds ratios and associated confidence intervals.	logistic regression, logistic distribution, regression analysis, odds ratio, likelihood function, confidence interval, proc step, predictor variable, degrees of freedom, proc transpose, proc calis, covariance, binary variable, response variable	source	5
55	Prepare to Make the Jump to Hiperspace	Curtis A. Smith	A long time ago, on a mainframe far, far away, temporary SAS data libraries were always residing on disk space. While this works, using disk space requires 1/0 reads and writes. 1/0 is slow and usually costs the user mainframe charge-back costs. To eliminate 1/0 when using temporary SAS data sets, make the jump to Hiperspace. With the advent of the MVS/ESA operating system, memory is available as High Performance Space (Hiperspace) that SAS can use to store temporary SAS data sets. When this is done, SAS does not have to expend 1/0 to use the temporary SAS data sets. The result -less 1/0 and shorter processing time. Sound good? The author will show how to use and optimize Hiperspaces under MVS.	proc means, elapsed time, libname statement	source	2
56	PROC FORMAT Provides Efficient Current Descriptions of Codes in Large Tables	Bob Romero	Relational Databases often store codes in large tables in order to save space and improve processing speed. Ubrary look-up tables provide descriptions with the codes in order to decipher what the codes mean. A table join is needed so that the description is available when the data is printed In a report. `PROC FORMAT` allows the descriptions to be printed when needed, without the extra processing of joining tables. A SAS view of a relational library table is then used to provide up-to-date descriptions of the code without using exira space.	proc format, proc step, dataset	source	1
57	PUT' SAS to an Intranet Production	Kunling Ku, Robert Reis	Nowadays, creating web pages is as easy as you can create a WORD document. As SAS professionals, we have SAS tools to produce a web site, such as SASv6.12 macro %outhtm and SASv7 `ODS HTML`. We could use SAS to prepare data, transfer them to Microsoft `EXCEL` and let Microsoft Office 97 `EXCEL` handle Web generation. We discovered it was too cumbersome and inefficient to take the Microsoft route. Using the 'PUT' statement along with other SAS tools like `SAS/GRAPH`, we were able to streamline the Web production without sacrificing web page qUality. This paper is to share our experience in producing a department Intranet site within Kaiser Permanente. We use Microsoft NT server, SASv6.12 and SASv7 under Windows 95.	macro variable, excel, put statement, macro loop, macro definition, data step, %if-%then-%else	source	5
58	Putting Executive Scorecards on the Web With SAS Software	Julie Linderman, Bob Romero, Heather Travel	Many quality and performance measures are available on U S WEST's Intranet using the SAS System. The Vice Presidents and Executive Directors have asked for their own "Scorecards" on the Web which show only their measures on one page. The scorecards were required to have the results and targets of each measure on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and year-to-date basis. This paper talks about putting the information together from different data sets onto each scorecard with the same columns. The columns with the time-based results, were computed using SAS date functions. The values were also converted to character formats in order to have percents (%), dollars ($), and numbers displayed in a column. HTML, htmSQL, and SAS programs are set up to use the `SAS/INTRNET` Application Dispatcher to produce the desired scorecard with the capability to drill down to a state level. Each row of the scorecard is linked with the web page of the measure. These pages have further drill down features that eventually show detail data. Both the summarized and detail pages have the capability to download the data to an `EXCEL` spreadsheet which gives both executives and engineers the information necessary to make better business decisions.	data step, excel	source	5
59	Quantifying Regression to the Mean Using PROC MIXED	Thaddeus J. Haight, Long Ngo, Ira Tager	In an analysis of change using longitudinal data, adjusting for the initial value can lead to biased results if regression to the mean (RTM) distorts the relationship of the change and initial value. The effects of RTM can be visually evaluated by graphically comparing the change in a variable across time to its initial value. Our aim is to assess RTM quantitatively by measuring the coefficient of reliability. This represents the amount of between person variation over total variation (between person + within person variation) in longitudinal data. We determine this quantity using `PROC MIXED`, and show its connection to the results obtained by graphing change against the initial value where RTM occurs. Using our results, we apply a method to study change adjusted for initial value which corrects for RTM (Vollmer, 1986).	proc mixed, proc step, between-subject variability, clinical trial, regression analysis, longitudinal data, restricted maximum likelihood	source	6
60	Reading an Entire Line of Data of Unknown Length Into a Character Variable	Mel Widawski	At times when reading complex files it is useful to read a data line into a single character variable and then use string functions to, parse the line of data. When the data is in variable-length records, this can cause problems. The solution is to use the $VARYlNG#. format on the input statement along with the LENGTH= option on the INFILE statement. This paper will show how to do this, and discuss implications. A small application using this	input statement, character variable, proc freq, infile statement, macro variable	source	5
61	SAS Macro Application Development: Automating the Data Step and INPUT Processes	S. Patrick Thornton	This paper discusses and outlines the application development process used by the author along with the goals of modularity, reusability, and scalability. The development and implementation of the Automated Input Interface (All) serves as an illustration. The All was created as a tool for the intermediate base SAS software user in order to facilitate batch processing of raw data through the specification of a simple set of parameters, rather than through the direct creation of syntax (Thornton, 1999). A meta-data set determines the data set names, variable names, and variable types for the conversion of raw data sets to SAS System data sets. A macro variable naming technique to simulate multidimensional arrays, the use of CALL SYMPUT and CALL exECUTE are demonstrated as techniques crucial to the implementation of the All.	data step, macro variable, call symput, input statement, macro definition, dataset, call execute	source	5
62	SAS Macro Program to Prepare Data Documentation with Tailored Descriptions of Various Variable Types	Keiko I. Powers	Knowing your data is an essential part of data analyses. However, we often find it time consuming to grasp the detailed information of each variable, particularly when the data are large and contain different types of variables, e.g., character or numeric. I have written a SAS macro program that automatically detects the variable types and provides a tailored	proc step, proc freq, character variable, variable, macro definition	source	6
63	SAS Programs Validation In a GCP Regulated Environment	Maria-Theresa S. Pangran	"(fit is not documented, it didn't happen" is a validation motto followed in Good Clinical Practices (OCP) regulated environments. GCP requires that in clinical research, any software application developed with the intention of manipulating, transforming, analyzing, anell or reporting data either in table or graphical form should be validated and adequately documented. These validations and their documentation are subject to audit and inspection under GCP principles. 1bis paper illustrates how the validation and documentation processes are performed on SAS programs used in analyzing data collected in clinical trials.	data cleaning, proc print, proc step	source	4
64	SAS's Options: An Application of SAS in Financial Option Pricing	Aaron Lai	This paper discusses how we can use SAS as a tool in solving the option pricing problem using numerical methods. The author uses a simple and intuitive approach to illustrate the essential elements of financial options and he has also explained how to do it. The user-defined function via macro processing capability is discussed and sample SAS code is enclosed. The techniques are generic and can be applied to a wide variety of situations and applications.	macro variable, macro definition	source	6
65	Seasonal Trend Analysis of Monthly Water Quality Data	Jie Tian, George C. J. Fernandez	This paper presents user-friendly SAS macro and SAS programs to check the three parts of a time series: Trend, Cyclical patterns, and Stationarity. The SAS macro KENDALL performs the trend analysis. Seasonal Kendall Trend analysis, including summery statistics; overall Tau and the P-value of the test for trend; monthly Tau values, the corresponding P-values for each month; the Seasonal Kendall estimate with confidence intervals; 3 exploratory plots by months comparative boxplot, comparative histogram, and trend plot against year. Spectral analysis program calculates Periodogram ordinates and Spectral density estimates, Periodogram plots against frequency, plots of Spectral density estimates against frequency and period, 2 tests for White Noise. Dickey-Fuller program performs a test for Stationarity using the test of the unit-root hypothesis. An example is given using I water-quality data from Truckee River, Nevada. The water-quality variable being used is total nitrogen (NTO, mgIl).	time series analysis, proc freq, trend analysis, null hypothesis, macro definition, correlation	source	6
66	Sifting through Messy Data with SAS: Creating Kaiser Permanente's Non-Formulary Report	Beth Worrall	AnalysIS are constantly ehallenged to present easily understood results stemming from a variety of distinct raw data sources. The Phannacy Department at Kaiser Permanente was interested in a report which evaluated coslS and prescription information for medications not included on the departmenfs formulary. The challenge was to link variables from text and `EXCEL` files using SAS"' dataselS, analyze cost and prescription information, and convert . analysis results into a usable format for providers. This presentation wiH first illustrate how to convert data from text and `EXCEL` files to ~ datasets. It will then show how the resulting datasets were analyzed and formatted using `PROC MEANS`, 'arrays, and the null `DATA STEP` to produce a final report for providers.	excel, proc step	source	4
67	Site Specific Reports: Comparing each part to the whole using numbers and figures	Jenny Yu	You have data that involves a number of sites, and it's time to report the information for each individual site compared to the whole. It is easy to compare each site with the whole by creating a dummy variable to indicate the individual site versus to whole. A simple trick in the `DATA STEP` allows you to make this comparison. When the number of sites is large, it is essential to automate the production of the tables and graphs. To do this, you will need a number of macro features and a lot of attention to potential pitfalls. This paper will show how to use SAS to automate a series of tables and graphs, for each site and for all sites simultaneously. The main tools are the FREQ,	sample size, sample, out=, proc step, macro variable, proc freq, proc means	source	6
68	Statistics Without DATA _NULLS_	Michael C. Palmer, Cecilia A. Hale	Analysts attracted to SAS for its statistical capabilities no longer have to settle for its clumsy publishing capabilities. Instead, they can take advantage of the Output Delivery System (`ODS`) in version 7.0, SAS's data warehouse and data processing capabilities, and a new open-source, non-proprietary software technology, and literally never use a DATA_NULL_, `PROC REPORT`, or `PROC TABULATE` again. An analyst working with publishing software and exploiting its layout and styling flexibility creates a terse sample table. The sample, via SAS programs, directs the retrieval of data from a warehouse and the creation of publishable markup. The publishing software renders the markup publication ready without re-typing, cutting-and-pasting, or format conversion of SAS output. The new, platform independent software technology is eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Statistical analysts and their organizations will better exploit the strengths of SAS and publishing software by coupling the two via	proc tabulate, sample, data science	source	6
69	Stop Counting Those Columns: A Macro Shell for Assigning Column Locations in Data_Null_Reporting	Jonathan M. Squire	A code segment which calculates column locations within a data `_NULL_` report is presented. The optional ability to center the output is aslo discussed.	macro variable, macro definition	source	2
70	Study of Genotype x Environmental Interaction Effects - Using SAS MACROs for AMMI and Tai's Stability models	Mathura Tillainathan, George C. J. Fernandez	This paper discusses the applications of AMMI and Tai's stability methods, which are used to analyze the genotype x environmental interaction (GEl) effects when both genotype and environment are considered fixed. Stability statistics, AMMI, and Tai's stability plots are obtained by using SAS MACROs and user-friendly SAS MACRO CALL windows. Previously published winter rapeseed yield data (Shafri et al. 1998) is used for validating the SAS MACROs developed. To select the high yielding and relatively more reliable genotypes, an informative 3-d plot is used, which is based on the Tai's alpha, the slope from the regression of genotype means of GEl component on environmental index; and lambda, the deviation from the linear response in terms of error variance and the mean response. The different impacts of taking the year effect as a fixed or random effect in the AMMI and Tai's analyses are also discussed here.	macro definition, proc mixed	source	6
71	Summarizing Data Using PROC REPORT	Theresa Famolaro	Many data sets are composed of muHiple records for one unique identifier. For example, in a public health database, a patient may have had mUltiple clinic visits to a single health care provider. The short-term solution would be to utilize `PROC FREQ` to display a cross-tab on the frequency of visits for each patient. However, this method is often very cumbersome and confusing as output for the end user, and does not make a very efficient report bot .in appearance and usage. The client wants to view this information in a manner they can understand. To meet these needs the developer utilized `PROC REPORT` as the method to summarize the number of visits by each unique patient and then display this information by provider. Some of the tools of `PROC REPORT` discussed are the COLUMN statement, DEFINE statement. and how to create COMPUTED variables.	proc step, proc report, unique key	source	5
72	Taming External Data: Lessons Learned in Importing External Data into a SAS Database	Kathryn A. Valdes	In social science research, we have met and mastered data in many forms. Occasionally, we have the opportunity to specify file formats, but most often we receive data that is someone else's structure and design. Files may arrive in AScn, Microsoft `EXCEL`, Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, dBASE, or other file formats. Often, we are handed data collection instruments, such as forms and questionnaires, and must design a file structure to fit the forms. The ultimate goal is to build a SAS database for analysis that we can use with relative ease. Trial and error have taught us some hard lessons. The following includes some macros that are routinely used in our research group. In this paper, I specifically address file formats on the PC; our current SAS license is SAS System for Windows, Release 6.12.	excel, input statement, macro loop, macro variable, macro definition	source	6
73	The Autocall Macro Facility in the SAS for Windows Environment	Karl Jensen, Matthew L. Greathouse	The autocall macro facility allows users to access the same macro code from multiple SAS" programs. Rather than have the same macro code in each program where the code is required, with an autocall macro the code is in one location, which permits faster updates and better consistency across all programs. This paper will briefly discuss using the SAS autocall macro facility in the Microsoft Windows environment.	autocall macro, if-then-else, macro facility, macro definition	source	2
74	The Basics of SAS Validation, a Primer on the Mechanics of Re-engineering Code and Documentation for Rapid Software Validation and Delivery	Edzel Cabanero	SAS software continues to be a great tool to bring about a full complement of information analysis solutions. Due in part to its fleJdbUity and a cadre of self-taught practitioners, typical information systems software development life cycle practices are seldom Implemented In the SASworld. But like any IS concern, the SAS group is tasked with delivery dales. Quality is expected, and professionalism demanded. Yet, it is far more difficult to achieve these with SAS mainly because of the lack of know how to organiZe work effectively.	data cleaning, dataset	source	2
75	The Lost Art of Annotate	Richard O. Smith, Arthur L. Carpenter	The ANNOTATE facility is a useful tool that adds to the capabilities ofSAS/GRAPH and related procedures. We will briefly examine some of the common uses and expound on some of the more advanced uses of annotate. We will also discuss how ANNOTATE works in versions 7 and 8.	proc freq, histogram	source	5
76	Use FORMATS to Make Your Reports More Informative	David Fickbohm	This talk will introduce beginning SAS users to the idea of using formats. Users will be introduced to several formats that come with BASE SAS. Attendees willieam that formats provide the necessary building blocks for effective, more flexible SAS usage. Users will also be introduced to `PROC FORMAT` as the key to creating refined SAS reports. Several features of `PROC FORMAT` will be discussed, including ranges, exclusion ranges, LOW, HIGH, OTHER, and PICTURE.	proc step, proc format, date variable, data step, sysdate9, sas base, decimal, sample	source	5
77	Using ANNOTATE Macros as Shortcuts	Arthur L. Carpenter	ANNOTATE macros can provide a shortcut when creating an ANNOTATE data set using assignment statements. To be used properly you need to understand how they work and what they will do for you. They will not abrogate your need to understand how the process of creating the data set works. Indeed you need to have a good understanding of how the ANNOTATE data set is constructed before you should attempt to use these macros. Keywords ANNOTATE, macro, annomac, `SAS/GRAPH`	proc freq, proc step, if-then-else, macro call, histogram	source	6
78	Using JMP for Technical Analysis of Stocks in highly voloatile markets	William Gjersen	We live in a world of high uncertainty. Internet related stocks that appreciate 300% with no earnings to report have, in some instances, lost 25% in value in the morning and rebound to positive ground before the close! Some day traders are having a field day and are saving the airfare to Las Vegas! Others of us need some sensible rules of when to sell and when to buy. Technical Analysis (i.e. trend lines and oscillators) when properly tuned can help us establish sensible trading rules. This paper shows how you can generate and test your own trading rules with JMP.	moving average, excel	source	7
79	Using PROC EXPAND with Time Series Data	Andrew H. Karp	`PROC EXPAND` performs important operations on time series contained in SAS System data sets. Among the key functionalities of this procedure, found in the Econometrics and Time Series (ETS) module of the SAS System for Information Delivery, are: conversion of observations from one sampling frequency to another; interpolation of missing values in a time series; and changing the attributes of a time series observation. `PROC EXPAND` creates an output SAS data set. It does not create printed output.	proc step, proc freq, time series analysis, missing value, dataset, sysdate9, sample, time variable, date variable	source	4
80	Using PROC SQL to Calculate Age-Gender Adjusted Pharmacy Utilization Data	Nikki M. Carroll	The Pharmacy Department at Kaiser Permanente provides quarterly detailed, individualized reporting to approximately 640 physicians. In order for peer comparison within departments and between facilities, an age-gender adjustment of utilization was needed. SAS's `PROC` SOL provided a straightforward, efficient way to achieve the programming required to directly adjust the pharmacy data. This presentation shows how age-gender adjusted data are used in pharmacy and how this measure is calculated using `PROC` SOL. The actual program code is presented as well as the final output	create table, proc step, group by, proc sql	source	4
81	Using SAS Macros to automate external file identification and manipulation - The Power of %sysfunc.	Timothy A. Kenney	This presentation discusses details of an approach to automate selective processing of varying data feeds into a moderately complex scheduling. system. The context of the general application (developed using SAS 6.12 on a PC platform) will be briefly described and then we will discuss in detail how features of Base SAS and the SAS Macro Language were utilized in building the automation. Examples will illustrate use of the SAS Macro function %SYSFUNC, and SAS functions DOPEN,	macro function, macro variable, sysrc, proc step	source	4
82	Using SAS/CONNECT Software in a Multi-Platform Environment	Cyndie B. Gareleck, Rodger Madison	This tutorial provides an overview of client/server computing; discusses clientlserver services available in `SAS/CONNECT` software, gives instructions for instaIBng and running the SAS spawner as an NT service, and presents code from several applications that use SASICONNECT. The paper also discusses the use of scripts to initiate and end remote sessions, and potential benefits of using SASICONNECT software Ie improve program and cost efficiency. While the examples illustrate use on an NT system and a UNIX workstation, the concepts are applicable Ie other operating environments.	traffic data, proc step	source	7
83	Using the Data Step to Output Very Useful HTML and Tips for Making Web Pages More Accessible to the Blind	Cecilie Birmer, Charles Hixson, Barbara Rhodes	This paper has two. main parts: how we used the `DATA STEP` to produce very useful HTML reports and what steps were taken to assure that these HTML pages were accessible to the blind. The reports are written as SAS macros and updated frequently to display important financial data. The HTML pages produced are accessed regularly by transportation project sponsors and the general public in the San Francisco Bay Area. While technology exists for the blind and visually impaired to navigate the web via speaking browsers, there are simple steps that can be taken to insure that your pages will be easily navigated by all web users.	data step, macro definition	source	6
84	Using Views and Queries with DB2 and MS ACCESS Databases to Employ Your Business Rules	Lynn G. Palmer	With new and easier ways to access data, more users are attempting to get their data directly from the organization database. Data often requires some knowledge of the organization's "rules" for summanzmg and presenting information. These rules may not be readily available to or known by all staff. One way to set up and mange these rules is to set up views which govern how the data is reported. You can create DB2 views; SAS `PROC SQL` views, queries, and in-line views; and MSAcess queries that are transparent to your users and allow you to enforce your organization's data rules.	proc sql, proc step, create view, sas library	source	4
85	Using VIEWTABLE in SAS/AF Application to View and Edit SAS Tables	Kirk Paul Lafler, Charles E. Shipp	When developing SASIAF applications, it is often necessary to identify effective techniques for displaying and editing data. The VIEWTABlE window provides a powerful interface for viewing and editing tables of data. This paper explores how to use the VIEWTABlE window in any SASIAF application. It shows how SASIAF and Screen Control Language (SCl) were employed to standardize data displays in a user friendly application.		source	3
86	We Enabled Government Billing Using SAS/IntrNet Software	Tom Ivons	Our clienfs Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) Public Voucher Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) billing process could not support all contracts due to limitations inherent in the enterprise accounts receivable process. Prior to the Web implementation, only those contracts not requiring detailed accounting information could be sent electronically. Since there is a substantial cycle time reduction in the payment process for electronic invoices, it was imperative that all invoices be sent electronically. We were asked to create a Web interface that would allow accounting information to be added to invOices after they had been generated by the legacy billing system. We chose SASllntrNet as our implementation tool because it runs on all our enterprise platforms and allowed us to wrap a Web front end around our existing SAS software based electronic invoicing process. This paper addresses the challenges we faced during development and implementation.	dataset, macro variable	source	5
87	What can SAS Certification do for you or to you? A multi-faceted look at objectives and their functional relationship to job performance	Robert Chastain	This paper will explore the stated objectives of the SAS Certified Professional V6 (Level I) Exam, the 'comerstone" of the SAS Certified Professional Program (www.sas.com/certification). What do these objectives have to do with job performance? Can these objectives help you perform better technical screenings, market your services more effectively, train others more efficiently, better support your clients, or get a better job with more money or responsibilities? This paper is an initial attempt to describe these objectives in terms of skills that relate to on-the-job performance from different perspectives.	proc step, sas programming, dataset, proc tabulate, sas function, proc sql, date variable, do loop, proc print	source	3
88	What Fiscal Year Is This and When Does It Start and End?	Wayne B. Finley	Until SAS version 6.07, I usually wrote several code lines to compute what was a date's fiscal year start and end dates. If a SAS date was in a current Year first six months the State of California's fiscal year started in the prior year's July 1st and ended in the current year June 30th. When the date is the last 6 months, then the fiscal year started in the current year's July 1st and ended the next year on June 30th. The resultant code, besides being hard to read, in several places we found it created Y2K errors. This paper demonstrates the INTNX function's new features to shift the interval starting point from normal start point to another staring point. Specifically the paper shows shifting the year start point from Jan 1st to July 1st (the state's fiscal year start).	macro variable, data step	source	2
89	Working with SAS Date and Time Functions	Andrew H. Karp	Many SAS applications require that operations be performed on data collected in the time domain. Among these types of operations are: determining the frequency that a phenomenon of interest occurs in time; determining the time interval which has elapsed between two phenomena (e.g., length of stay between admission and discharge from the hospital); conditional operations on observations in a SAS data set based on date and/or time values; aggregation of observations from one time frequency to another (e.g., daily to monthly); and interpolation (i.e., estimation) of lower frequency observations from data collected at a higher frequency (e.g., estimating monthly values from data collected quarterly). The SAS System Software provides a wealth of tools for users who need to work with data collected in the time domain.	sysdate9, datetime variable, date variable, datepart, raw data, numeric variable, dataset, time variable, proc freq, proc step, time series analysis, if-then-else, datetime, time, subsetting if	source	8
90	Year 2000 Triage For Your SAS Applications	Mike Kalt	You had every intention of finishing all of your Year 2000 testing and remediation early and spending January 1, 2000 lying on the beach. But it's just a few months before the miUennium and you still haven't tested your SAS applications! Even if you don't have time to do complete testing of all of your SAS applications there are a number of things you can do to find and eliminete potential problems. This paper will discuss the most effective techniques for evaluating your SAS applications and making them compliant in the shortest amount of time. Some of the topics to be covered include: Tools to locate potential problems in your SAS applications What to look for when testing your SAS applications Testing your applications in a Year 2000 environment Using the YEARCUTOFF= option to handle two-digit years	date variable, sysdate9, proc step, dataset, raw data, character variable, sas log, catalog entry, excel, data cleaning	source	7

Back to Conf go 2000 go 1998

This site serves as a convenient hosting location and does not work as a publisher. All copyrights belong to their respective owners.

The information on this site is provided for general reference purposes only. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the site is up to date and accurate, no warrant, nor any responsibility or liability for, the accuracy or completeness of the content or for any loss which may arise from reliance on information contained in this site is provided. Links to other sites are provided for your convenience but no responsibility or liability for the content of those sites or of any external site which links to this site is accepted. References to any specific commercial product, process, service, or corporation are also for information only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation or favoring.

SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc. SAS, Statistical Analysis System, and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration.