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BUGSWUSS 2000 Papers - Index
98 papers. Source: WUSS (Western Users of SAS Software) conference proceedings.
| # | Title× | Authors× | Abstract× | Keywords× | Extras | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A Beginners Guide to SAS Date and Time Handling | Wayne B. Finley | The SAS system provides a plethora of methods to handle date and time values. Correct date computation became a very important subject when the world became aware of the Year 2000 issue. Computer users now realize most applications contain date and time variables. This beginning tutorial describes how the SAS system 1) stores dates, datetimes, and times; 2) reads date/time variables from "Raw Data Files" and from SAS data ·sets. It covers when and where to use SAS lnformats and formats. Next it describes the easy | sysdate9, time variable, input statement, proc step, time, dataset, proc print, date variable, datetime variable, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 2 | A Model of Integrating Technology into Classrooms: A Logistic Regression Analysis | Leping Liu | This paper will present a study in which one hundred and two case studies relating to integrating infonnation technology into the classroom were analyzed using a logistic regression analysis. The pwpose of this procedure was to generate a statistical model that would reflect the significant components present in successful case studies. In order to accomplish this, we identified instructional components that were common to all case studies. Through this process, we identified six instructional components: Use of software, Use of Web-based instruction, Use of Web infonnation resources, Use of problem-based learning, Instructional designs, and Designing multimedia courseware. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether/which variable(s) can be used to preclict the success of a technology integration case. Three of the six variables were found significant. A statistically generated technology integration model was developed based on the | logistic distribution, logistic regression, regression analysis, response variable | source | 6 |
| 3 | A Non-mathematical Introduction to Regression Using PROC REG | Mel Widawski | This paper will help you build a competence and confidence in linear regression as a technique through simple examples. We will start with a simple 7-observation data set and see how PROC REG ferrets out the relationship between the variables. You will develop a feel for linear Regression as a technique through subsequent manipulations to this small data set. |
regression analysis, proc reg, proc step, response variable, anova, estimate, correlation, predictor variable | source | 6 |
| 4 | A Repeated Measurement of Analyzing the Qualities of Information from Different Web Sources | Leping Liu, George C. J. Fernandez |
Due to the wealth of information resources, the Web is becoming a widely used research tool. However, the over-exposure of information brings out a critical issue to our college students as they search and collect information from Web resources-whether the information is valid and reliable that our students can use it in their research. This issue is intensifying as more and more resources are distributed on the Web without editors and fact checkers (the traditional gate-keepers for print publications) monitoring them to assure the quality. The purpose of current study is to investigate the quality of information from different Web resources, and provide some guidelines for college students' research. Repeated measurements were conducted to analyze six quality items of the Web information-accuracy, authority, currency, objectivity, coverage, and verifiability, from four Web sources--web sites of (.com), (.edu), (.org), and (.gov). Significant differences were found. | data science, repeated measures | source | 6 |
| 5 | A SAS Analysis of Social and Economic Well-Being: A MultCountry Cross-Section Longevity Study | Seid M. Zekavat | This paper uses the SAS System to investigate the hypothesis that educational attainment, income, and health care service are prerequisites oflongevity. To investigate this contention a multiple regression model was developed using PROC AUTOREG. Related data of 112 countries was furnished by the Human Development Report of the United Nations. The dependent variable in the model was life expectancy and the independent variables selected were measures of education . . mcome, and health service. The influences of these variables on both genders are compared to determine if the longevity of men and women are affected differently. Other SAS procedures employed in this study include PROC CORR. PROC G3D, and PROC UNIVARIATE. The fmdings suggest that the life span of people in countries with good adult literacy programs, relatively high levels of income and health care services is much longer than the life span in countries with inadequate programs of health care, education, and low income. |
predictor variable, response variable, proc step, regression analysis, correlation | source | 5 |
| 6 | A Tale of Two Analysts: The Importance of Documentation | Beth Worrall | Onoe upon a time, In a land not so far away, an employee resigned from a company. As a resuK, many long and compleK SAS programs, which had taken years to create and modify, were left Without an owner. A new analyst was hired to modify and submit the SAS programs in the correct order so monthly reports, upon which the company relied, could be produced. But as with all stories, real or fictional, everything did not go exactly as planned. The new analyst discovered a long fist of SAS programs, In no apparent order. Each program contained numerous pages of SAS code, but no explanation for the program's purpose or for any of the program's steps! Where was the happy ending to thiS story? ThiS paper wlll explain why documenting SAS programs 16, and always will be, an extremely Important topic. | data warehouse, create table | source | 4 |
| 7 | Access to Databases Using SAS/ACCESS | Frederick E. Pratter | The SAS System currently provides many of the features of a database management system, including database views and an extended superset of ANSI SQL. One important feature of a relational DBMS that is not supported however is the ability to create and store foreign keys, that is, to determine relational integrity. For this reason, it is often impractical or just plain impossible to convert desktop or legacy databases into SAS. Consequently, the SAS System provides several procedures for access to relational databases. This paper will review how to use the various SAS/ACCESS products to link networked workstations to remote servers. Most of the examples will use the SAS/ACCESS Interface to Oracle, but the principles described apply equally to local databases in Microsoft Access 2000, as well as other client/server systems such as DB2. |
proc sql, proc step, dataset, create table, libname engine, sql pass-through, excel | source | 4 |
| 8 | Accessing & Integrating The MS Windows Win32 API in SAS Applications | Christopher A. Roper | The Win32 API is actually a collection of dynamic link libraries (DLLs), consisting of three primary DLLs, and several additional DLLs added to extend the functionality of the various Windows 32 bit operating systems (i.e. Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, etc. but not WIN3.1X). Some of these additional DLLs were added by Microsoft, and some are added by third party vendors when their software is installed. The three primary DLLs contain the lion's share of the functionality that makes up the core of the Windows operating system. These DLLs are named KERNEL.DLL, USER32.DLL, and GDI32.DLL. When Microsoft adds new functionality to their Windows operating systems, they do so by adding new DLLs, not by adding to existing DLLs. | filename statement, quality assurance | source | 6 |
| 9 | Advanced SQL Processing | Dana Rafiee | group by, order by, by group processing, proc step, select, sas programming, proc sql | source | 15 | |
| 10 | Algorithms for Actuarial and Actual Analysis | William N. Anderson | PROC LIFETEST produces actuarial estimates of ex periencing an event before ;various time points. For analyzing an event such as structural failure of a tis sue heart valve (SVD), patient deaths are treated as censored events. In effect, the algorithm estimates the probability that patients will experience SVD, assum ing they live long enough. There is also clinical interest in estimating the proba bility that a patient will actually experience SVD. In these estimates, a patient who dies before experienc ing SVD will never experience the event, and the esti mates are different from conventional actuarial analy sis. Such estimates are of interest in computing costs of future operations for valve replacement. In this paper a SAS macro for computing the actual probabilities and the standard errors is presented. The algorithms are based on the Markov Chain model of Aalen and Johansen, and the standard error is a ma trix form of Greenwood's formula. |
competing risks, proc calis, macro definition, macro loop, proc step, proc print, markov chain, sas risk engine | source | 6 |
| 11 | An Object-Oriented Expert System for the SAS Environment | Anthony M. Dymond | Expert systems are a branch of artificial intelligence that capture and automate the knowledge and performance of an expert in a particular subject area. This paper describes an expert system written in SAS/AF (Frame). This is a "shell system" that can accept multiple knowledge bases representing knowledge from separate subject areas. This expert system implements knowledge bases through objects that are interconnected within a hierarchical search tree. The expert system runs in a Base SAS environment, and the knowledge bases can be constructed using Base SAS programming techniques. Many of the considerations in designing this expert system are discussed, including object and frames, rules, forward and backward chaining, inheritance, confidence limits, and tree search algorithms. An example using a small knowledge base is used to illustrate the system. |
sas base, artificial intelligence, proc hpsplit | source | 5 |
| 12 | An Overview of remedial tools for collinearity in SAS | Chong Ho Yu | This paper is an overview of how built-in and customized SAS codes can remediate the problem of collinearity in regression. Collinearity may be caused by (i) too many redundant variables, (ii) the presence of latent variables, (iii) the presence of high-order interaction terms, and (vi) the dependence of variables in a polynomial model. This paper discusses how reducing variables, centering scores, partial orthogonalization, and full orthogonalization should be used in different situations. | regression analysis, r-squared, interaction effect, predictor variable, proc step, feature selection, stepwise selection, proc reg, response variable, polynomial regression, proc princomp, latent variable | source | 6 |
| 13 | An Updated Review of SAS V6 Level 1 Certification: A look at revised test objectives, test preparation, and test standards | Robert L. Chastain | This updated review of the SAS Certified Professional Exam for SAS Version 6 Level I Certification will explore: 1) test objectives; 2) test preparation and 3) test standards. The newly revised test objectives will be compared to the originally proposed and tested objectives. A review of currentiy available sources for test preparation will be provided with suggestions regarding usefulness. Certain relevant test standards from the newly revised standards for Educational and Psychological Testing will be discussed. | proc step, proc tabulate, sas programming, dataset, sas base, date variable, do loop, proc print | source | 3 |
| 14 | Analyzing Correlated oridinal reponse data using partial likelihood regression | Jimmy Thomas Efrid | Partial likelihood regression is commonly used to analyze censored time to event data. In the paper at hand, we provide an example of how this method may also be used to analyze correlated ordinal response data. | customer satisfaction, proc phreg, proc step, regression analysis, likelihood function | source | 3 |
| 15 | Analyzing Multiple Health Outcomes Using the SAS System's PROC CATMOD | Besa Smith | In the medical field researchers are constantly constructing hypotheses to be investigated. Typically, the hypothesis generated tests a dichotomous outcome. However, often times the researcher may need to look at the outcome in more detail. Using the SAS System's PROC CATMOD and polychotomous logistic regression, multiple independent variables can be modeled when a multi-level health outcome is of interest. Using optional output from PROC CATMOD and further SAS techniques, adjusted parameter estimates can be used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each of the independent. variables. This paper will discuss the ~ituations where polychotomous logistic regression 1s of value, and the method by which to use PROC CATMOD to analyze these data and create odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. |
logistic regression, logistic distribution, regression analysis, likelihood function, odds ratio, predictor variable, confidence interval, maximum likelihood estimation, binary variable, proc step, proc calis, covariance, sample | source | 5 |
| 16 | Automating Visual Reports Using SAS Graphs | Theresa E. Famolaro | Presenting data that is attractive to researchers, medical personnel, and lay users has always been a challenge. In our program, reports were generated with PROC REPORT every six months and then disseminated to the various counties. In order to provide an easier to read format for medical personnel, it was decided to provide graphic presentations of our reports to the various county health officers, researchers, and other interested parties. This paper discusses the coding procedures necessary for SAS GRAPH to display graphic representation of our data. Using PROC GCHART, the user was able to automate descriptive charts about data collected in the program. Some of the charts discussed in SAS GRAPH are the pie chart and horizontal/vertical bar graphs. |
proc step, proc gchart, vertical bar chart, bar chart | source | 4 |
| 17 | Basic SQL Processing | Dana Rafiee | order by, proc step, proc sql, select, proc sort | source | 5 | |
| 18 | Beginners Guide to Flexibility: Macro Variables | Mel Widawski | Expert programmers rarely program from scratch, rather they use existing code and modify it. Use macro variables to facilitate writing code that is flexible and easy to re-use. Put information such as file locations, lists of variables, and selection criteria in macro variables at the beginning of a program and simply refer to them as needed throughout the program. You will learn how to create and use these macro variables. Please be aware that you can use these macro variables without having to learn the SAS macro language. Using macro variables is extremely simple. | macro variable, &variable, macro put, macro facility | source | 5 |
| 19 | Bringing Rhyme and Reason to Your Data: A Beginner's Guide to Creating Reports that Communicate and Impress | Lora D. Delwiche, Susan J. Slaughter |
In the book 'The Phantom Tollbooth,' a boy named Milo sees life as a waste of time. Then one day he is magically transported to the Kingdom of Wisdom. His journey starts in Expectations, then, without thinking, he finds himself in the Doldrums. During his travels, Milo meets many interesting and unusual characters, and learns about the Princesses of Sweet Rhyme and the Princess of Pure Reason. The princesses have been banished from the Kingdom, but Milo rescues them, thereby restoring rhyme and reason to the Kingdom. And, in so doing, Milo finds meaning in his own life. When confronted with a large amount of data, and told to write a report, your journey will have many similarities to Milo's journey through the Kingdom of Wisdom. | proc step, proc tabulate, proc print, ods html, format statement, proc import, dataset, proc format, class variable, proc sort, date variable | source | 10 |
| 20 | By Hook or By Crook: Overcoming Resource Limitations | Curtis A. Smith | Have you ever had trouble getting a SAS job to eomplete, although yourSAS code is bug free? Often, especially when processing large amounts of data, your operating environment just does not have enough resources to complete your SAS job the way you have written it. Likely, a solution to the resource problems you have ormightencounterexists. Herein,the author will share some of his favorite tricks to squeeze more out of the operating environment and for working SAS code around resource limitations. These tricks will include SAS code, SAS and operating system parameters. This cover subjects such as reducing the of SAS data sets needed, reducing the SAS data sets, sorting efficiencies, optilml2:1ng data library parameters, and cleaning the work environment. | dataset, work library, proc means, by group processing, libname statement, proc sort, character variable, proc step, numeric variable, batch job, macro definition | source | 8 |
| 21 | Clinical Data Management: Building a Dynamic Application | Arthur L. Carpenter, Richard O. Smith |
You have written a series of interesting and often complex SAS* programs that perform a variety of data entry operations, data checks, exception reporting, statistical aualyses, and SUJiliiilU}' reporting. Sinoe the next study is somewhat similar to the last one, you are planning to build another set of programs based on (cannibalized from) the ones that you just used. We have been there before, but STOP. Wouldn't you rather build the programs once? The solution lies in building and using data dictionaries that act as control files. These control files are in turn used to create a series of SAS macro variables that are available as arrays to each of the various programs. All project, data set, and variable specific information is stored in the macro variables and hence never in the programs themselves. | macro variable, variable list, macro conditional, label statement, proc step, data step, macro loop, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 22 | Converting SAS Output into Great Looking Web Pages Using Output Delivery System | Kirk Paul Lafler | Have you ever wanted to tum your basic monospace SAS"' Listing output into formatted output viewable by all on the web? If the answer is "yes", then this presentation will show you how to create great looking Web pages from your SAS output using the Output Delivery System (ODS). ODS controls the formatting of all procedure and DATA STEP output and provides great flexibility when working with output. This presentation will show you how to use ODS to create an HTML file, a table of contents, a table of pages, and a frame file. This presentation is intended for SAS Software users with some PC-SAS and HTML experience. Yo.u should be comfortable using PC-SAS, an Internet browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, and HTML. |
sas output, output delivery system, ods html | source | 3 |
| 23 | Creating Case Report Tabluations (CRTs) for an NDA Electronic Submission | Anita Rocha, Paul D. Hamilton |
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now strongly encourages all new drug applications (NDAs) be submitted electronically. Electronic submissions could help FDA application reviewers scan documents efficiently and check analyses by manipulating the very datasets used to generate them. The potential saving in reviewer time and cost is enormous while improving the quality of oversight. In January 1999, the FDA released the Guidance for Industry: Providing Regulatory Submissions in Electronic Format- NDAs. As described, one important part of the application package is the case report tabulations (CRTs), now serving as the instrument for submitting datasets. CRTs are made up of two parts: first, datasets in SAS transport file formal and second, the accompanying documentation for the datasets. | create table, sas programmer | source | 5 |
| 24 | Creating HTML Output with the Output Delivery System (ODS) | Kirk Paul Lafler | Have you ever wanted to tum your basic monospace SAS Listing output into formatted output viewable by all on the web? If the answer is "yes", then this tutorial will show you how to use the Output Delivery System (ODS) to create HTML output by formatting output in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). ODS controls the formatting of all procedure and DATA STEP output and provides great flexibility when working with output. You will learn how to use ODS to create an HTML file, a table of contents, a table of pages, and a frame file. This tutorial is intended for SAS Software users with some PC-SAS and HTML experience. Before attending this workshop, you should be comfortable using PC SAS, an Internet browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, arid HTML. |
sas output, output delivery system, ods html | source | 3 |
| 25 | Customizing SAS in the Windows Environment | Mel Widawski | Using the SAS default settings, buttons, and function keys provide a good work environment. But this environment may be personalized by changing some of these settings. You will be shown how to add new buttons on the tool bar, customize function keys, change the appearance of tables, and control where the automatic SAS work libraries are written. | symbol table, sas output | source | 6 |
| 26 | Data Access Between a TSO Mainframe and a Unix-based Oracle Data Warehouse: The SAS Remote SQL Pass-through Method | Dana Zhange, Jay Gravink |
As the American healthcare industry continues to drive itself towards higher levels of data collection, analysis and reporting sophistication, the use of data storage platforms, data access tools and data analysis tools has varied widely and changed often as new technology has stormed the market Because most large companies cannot afford to continuously ride the crest of the wave of new technology in this changing market, companies are challenged to find efficient methods to link old and new data technologies. The SAS Remote SOL Pass-through Method accomplishes an efficient connection between a TSO Mainframe System and an Oracle data warehouse on a UNIX server. This user-friendly application includes the use of SAS CONNECT, SAS ACCESS and SAS BASE modules. This paper describes specific data linking challenges and will offer BAS program · examples that are used by employees of varied sklll levels to meet such challenges. | oracle, data warehouse, proc sql | source | 3 |
| 27 | Data Warehousing for Data Mining: A Case Study | C. Olivia Parr Rud | Data Mining is gaining popularity as an effective tool for increasing profits in a variety of industries. However, the quality of the information resulting from the data mining exercise is only as good as the underlying data. The importance of accurate, accessible data is paramount. A well designed data warehouse can greatly enhance the effectiveness of the data mining process. This paper will discuss the planning and development of a data warehouse for a credit card bank. While the discussion covers a number of aspects and uses of the data warehouse, a particular focus will be on the critical needs for data access pertaining to targeting model development. The case study will involve developing a Lifetime Value model from a variety of data. sources including account history, customer transactions, offer history and demographics. The paper will discuss the importance of some aspects of the physical design and maintenance :o the data mining process. | credit card, sample, logistic distribution, data mining, logistic regression, insurance risk score, regression analysis, data cleaning, interval variable, response variable, predictor variable, proc logistic | source | 9 |
| 28 | Detecting Curvillnear Relationships in PROC REG | Mel Widawski | We all know the world is not flat, but many researchers continue to model their world as a linear system. Many systems encountered in research are not linear; the relationship between motivation and errors is one example. Luckily, many relationships that are not linear may be expressed as lineanelationships. We can detect these relationships with the PARTIAL option on the MODEL statement in PROC REG. I will show you how to interpret the plots produced, and demonstrate that curvilinear relationships are revealed in partial plots that cannot be detected in simple scattergrams. Finally, I will show you how to create transformed variables to represent the nonlinear terms, and the value of centering in creating Quadratic terms. |
proc step, regression analysis, proc reg, response variable, proc univariate, estimate, box plot, output, correlation, predictor variable | source | 9 |
| 29 | Documentation, How Much is Enough? The Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How of the Documentation Process | Cecille R. Birner | Have you ever been so frustrated with the code you inherited that you started over from scratch? Been extremely mad at the programmer you took over from? Worked on a project with other programmers and constantly re-invented the virtual wheel? This paper gives suggestions for coding and commenting styles that will make your programs and macros more portable. It addresses specific concerns for mainframe, PC, and UNIX operating systems and includes some useful coding tricks. This is a great primer for new programmers as well as a reminder for experienced ones! | macro variable, data cleaning | source | 6 |
| 30 | Eenie Meenie Minie Moe - What's the Fastest Proc from Go to Whoa? Comparing PROC SQL and PROC SUMMARY | Nikki M. Carroll | PROC SQL provides a straightforward, efficient way to program in SAS. Therefore, PROC SQL is currently used in the Phannacy Department at Kaiser Pennanente to calculate age-gender adjusted phannacy utilization .data. Specific feedback from fellow SAS users encouraged me to Investigate PROC SUMMARY as a more efficient alternative. This paper's goal is to compare the efficiencies and inefficiencies of PROC SQL and PROC SUMMARY to find the best method for age-gender adjusting phannacy utilization data. Resource usage such as CPU time and programmer time will be compared and actual program code will be presented. |
proc step, proc means, proc sql, cpu time, by group processing | source | 2 |
| 31 | Efficient Application Development Techniques in the SAS System | Kirk Paul Lafler | As SAs Software becomes increasingly more popular, guidelines for its efficient use are critical. Areas deserving special consideration include program execution, 1/0, disk space, and program maintenance. A collection of techniques and sample code are presented to illustrate numerous practical techniques for gaining efficiency while using SAS Software. | proc sql, drop statement, dataset, cpu time, if-then-else | source | 6 |
| 32 | Elegant Tables: Dressing up your TABULATE Output | Lauren E. Haworth | Once you've taken the time to learn the basics of TABULATE, you'll quickly discover that creating the table is the easy part. It's making it look nice that's hard. This paper will show you a number of tips and tricks for designing and formatting your table to make it concise, informative and attractive. The paper then goes on to show how to move your output to HTML and to a word processor so that your results can be easily distributed to others. | proc tabulate, proc step, label statement, format statement | source | 6 |
| 33 | Extending the Data Warehouse: An Introduction to OLE DB | S. David Riba | Now that you have your data warehoused, how do you share that information with others who need access to it? SAs* software provides a variety of tools to access and retrieve data from multidimensional databases (MDDBs). However, MDDBs are not accessible to non-SAS users in your organization. Until now. Starting with Version 7 of the SAS System, OLE DB can be used to access the information stored in SAS MDDBs and CFO VISion FOBs. OLE DB can be used to access the information stored in ANY multidimensional database that is OLE DB compliant. starting with the release of Windows 2000 Professional, OLE DB will be · installed as part of the operating system. In Microsoft Office 2000, all member applications will be OLE DB consumers. The same is true for Lotus SmartSuite member applications. | proc sql, data mining, dataset, structured data, relational database, excel | source | 8 |
| 34 | Gaining Insight Using Visualization Techniques | Curtis A. Smith, Philip A. Cosby |
Recent advancements in computer hardware and software provide the audijor with the means to analyze company electronic data in ways not possible before. For years auditors typically used company electronic data to create fairly simple report listings. Regression and improvement curve analyses consisting of manual inputs of data and printed resuHs of statistical information were about as sophisticated as auditors could get. But not any more. Within Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) we now have access to software that can do a wide variety of data visualization techniques. And we now have the hardware power to process vast amounts of contractor data using advanced data visualization techniques. For example, auditors can analyze millions of data records using linked histograms, scatter plots, surface diagrams, best-fit lines, three dimensional rotating plots, and animation techniques to discover patterns, trends, and anomalies in contractor electronic data. | histogram, proc princomp, correlation, data visualization, regression analysis, predictor variable, factor analysis, scatter plot, proc freq, covariance | source | 5 |
| 35 | Getting More for Less: A Few SAS Programming Efficiency | Arthur L. Carpenter | The old saying goes "If there is one way to do it in SAs*, there are three ways to do it." Inevitably, when this is said in a group, there will be someone (probably a Quality Partner) who will chime in with "And I will show you a fourth way." It is of course wonderful to be working with a language that has the flexibility of multiple programming solutions, but this flexibility can come with a price. Very often the most obvious coding solution turns out not to be the most efficient one. It is not unusual to find programs written by programmers with a view to the end | proc step, cpu time, if-then-else, subsetting if, proc sql, macro definition | source | 5 |
| 36 | Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC | Andrew H. Karp | Logistic regression is an increasingly popular analytic tool. Used to predict the probability that the 'event of interest' will occur as a linear function of one (or more) continuous and/or dichotomous independent variables, this technique is implemented in the SAS System in PROC LOGISTIC. This paper gives an overview of how some common forms of logistic regression models can be implemented using PROC LOGISTIC as well as important changes and enhancements to the procedure in Releases 6.07 and above of the SAS System, as well as new features available in Version 8. |
logistic distribution, proc logistic, proc step, predictor variable, logistic regression, regression analysis, response variable, odds ratio, estimate, proc reg, proc genmod, confidence interval, data science | source | 5 |
| 37 | Getting Started with Version 8 SAS/AF Software | Steven A. Wilson | This paper will be an introductory guide to the development of interactive computer systems using Frame technology in the SAS System Version 8. This paper is intended for both current applications developers as well as SAS System programmers who wish to learn how to begin developing applications using Frames in SAS/AF. In this paper we will examine the basics of Frame technology, including the Applications Development environment, SAS/AF components and their properties, and ways to add system functionality by using SCL (SAS Component Language). Finally, this paper concludes with a step-by-step exercise that walks you through building a simple SAS/AF application. |
sas log, catalog entry, dataset | source | 10 |
| 38 | Graphing the Probability of Hospitalization as a Function of Time Using Estimates and the SAS System's PROC PHREG | Tyler C. Smith | The objective of this tutorial is to explain how to analyze the differences between hospitalization probabilities over time for two or more cohorts while adjusting for other influential covariates. Procedures for comparing specific hospitalization discharge diagnoses and broad diagnostic categories of hospitalization discharges using SAS will be examined. The usefulness of the baseline option in PROC PHREG will be demonstrated with the creation and output of the survival function estimates, which are a function of the probability estimates over time. The real data example using Cox modeling will show no increased risk for hospitalization among subjects exposed to environmental contaminants when compared to those not exposed. The SAS system's PROC PHREG with baseline option was instrumental in dealing with attrition of subjects over our study period and producing probability of hospitalization curves as a function of time. |
survival analysis, proc phreg, hazard function, proc step, probability distribution, predictor variable, survival function, right censoring, proportional hazards assumption, hazard ratio, cumulative frequency, regression analysis | source | 7 |
| 39 | How I Converted a Batch Application System to Client-Server and Lived to Tell About It | Curtis A. Smith | After years of using mainframe-based batch applications, though they were user-friendly, my users wanted something GUI, something that runs on their desktop, and something that interchanges with their MS-Windows applications. So, I set out to convert my batch application system to something my users wanted. Armed with the SAS System, Base SAS, SAS/CONNECT, SAS/AF, SAS/FSP, a TCP/IP connection, Windows 98, my large-scale server, my existing batch code, and the will to succeed, I endeavored to build a user-friendly, point-and-click, drag-and-drop, client-server end-user application environment. Now my users can run their favorite end-user applications right from their desktop. They can then use interactive SAS techniques, such as data mining and data visualization, from the results of the applications. And they can import the results into their favorite Windows applications. |
macro variable, excel, sas base, dataset, data warehouse, data science, proc print, txt, regression analysis, libname statement, macro definition | source | 8 |
| 40 | How to Create Dynamic HTML and Javascript using your Data | Jennifer R. Sinodis | With increasing information technology the lntemet/lntranet offers an accessible channel for displaying and viewing meaningful information. By using SAS to generate HTML and JavaScript you can create great looking, maintenance-free, dynamic web pages for your users. This paper will show how to use SAS/BASE to build HTML output to your web site using SAS Version 7 and Version 8, with HTML formatting macros and ODS (Output Delivery System). It will also show how SAS/BASE can produce JavaScript to generate drop-down menu options built directly from your data, validate drill down options and dynamically access web output. The paper will also describe how SASIIntrNetTM software can create this output dynamically from your web site. For the purpose of this paper most of the SAS programs shown are simplifted. Some of the programs use macro code, thus basic macro code knowledge is assumed. This paper will also show HTML, but it will only briefly explain some of its code for clarity. |
ods html, sample, proc step, data step, if-then-else | source | 6 |
| 41 | How to Incorporate Old SAS Data into a New DATA Step, or "What is S-M-U?" | Andrew T. Kuligowski | S-M-U. Some people will see these three letters and immediately think of the abbreviation for a private university and associated football team in Texas. Others might treat them as a three-letter word, and recall a whimsical cartoon character created by Al Capp many years ago. However, in the world of the SAS user, these three letters represent the building blocks for processing SAS datasets through the SAS DATA STEP. S, M, and U are first letters in the words SET, MERGE, and UPDATE - the 3 commands used to introduce SAS data into a DATA STEP. This presentation will discuss the syntax for the SET, MERGE, and UPDATE commands. It will compare and contrast these 3 commands. Finally, it will provide appropriate uses for each command, along with basic examples that will illustrate the main points of the presentation. |
dataset, set statement | source | 7 |
| 42 | How to Use the DATA Step Debugger | S. David Riba | All SAS"' programmers, no matter if they are beginners or experienced gurus, share the need to debug their programs. Many techniques have been suggested over the years to solve the problem of debugging DATA STEP logic. Until now SAS programmers have never been able to interactively watch the DATA STEP execute and debug their logic as it executes. Introduced in Release 6.11 of SAS, the DATA STEP Debugger is part of Base SAS software. It is an interactive tool that allows the SAS user the ability to watch and control DATA STEP execution. The DATA STEP Debugger can be used to: + watch program logic execute + examine variable values as they change + repeat program statements + jump to other sections of the DATA STEP + modify DO loops interactively + test for "dead" code + give commands + observe the results interactively The DATA STEP Debugger is a very useful tool, whether you are a Beginning SAS Programmer or a SAS veteran. This Tutorial will demonstrate how to use the Debugger. |
sas log, sas base, options statement, data step, if-then-else, end, macro definition | source | 9 |
| 43 | HTML for the SAS Programmer | Lauren E. Haworth | With more and more output being delivered via the Internet, a little knowledge of HTML can go a long way toward improving the appearance of your output. This paper introduces some simple HTML coding techniques that are useful for SAS programmers. The paper will show how your SAS output is converted into HTML, and demonstrate HTML tricks that you can use in your SAS code to dress up your SAS HTML output. All of the examples can be produced using either SAS version 6 or versions 7-8. | ods html, sas output, footnote statement, proc print, proc step | source | 8 |
| 44 | Identifying Duplicate Observations in a Dynamic Automated Case Management Database | Michael J. Yee, Irene Dyer |
The identification and correction of duplicate patient records in a case management database is crucial to the accurate reporting of morbidity statistics. If a single incident is represented multiple times in a patient-level database, any reports generated will over-represent the true level of morbidity actually present in that population. Removal of duplicate observations is a critical part of data management and duplicate identification routines should be run at regular intervals to ensure data integrity. | data step, proc step | source | 3 |
| 45 | Implementing An E-Intelligence Information System in An Extremely Axctive Web Environment | Gina Iosue | Businesses are turning to a-intelligence solutions to harness the promise of the internet to revolutionize the way businesses and their customers interact. The internet has created an entirely new sphere of customer contact for business. This creates new challenges for the capture and transformation of the data from web logs into meaningful and strategic information. The information garnered from click-stream analysis will empower business decision makers to understand their customers, and respond to them in a much more directed and intelligent manner. Qualex Consulting Services, Inc. has developed an a-intelligence solution for one of the most popular web sites in the United States. With over 35 million lines of data collected daily from customers accessing their web site, the challenge was to collect, store, analyze, and report the data in a consistent and timely manner. These challenges proved insurmountable to other vendor solutions, but not to SAS and Qualex Consulting Service. | flat file, data mining | source | 4 |
| 46 | Indexing and Compressing SAS Data Sets: How, Why, and Why Not | Andrew H. Karp | Many users of SAS System software, especially those working with 'large' data sets, are often confronted with two challenges: a) how can the data set be made 'smaller,' without deleting important variables and/or observations? and, b) can the time required to retrieve subsets of these observations be reduced? Recent releases of the SAS System contain tools which address both of these problems, and this paper discusses how they can be used appropriately to accomplish the desired results. The paper also suggests instances where either compression or indexing are not the appropriate steps to take. At the outset, it should be understood that compression and indexing SAS data sets are two separate concepts. At times it is appropriate to apply an index to a data set, but not compress it, or vice versa. | dataset, character variable, where statement, numeric variable, proc step, length statement | source | 5 |
| 47 | Intelligently Launching Microsoft EXCEL from SAS, using SCL functions ported to Base SAS | Christopher A. Roper | The SAS Companion for the Microsoft Windows Environment illustrates one technique for opening Microsoft EXCEL from within SAS using DDE. This technique has several disadvantages. First, it does not check whether EXCEL is already open, it can unintentionally open multiple EXCEL sessions and this can be problematic. Second, it does not know with certainty when it has opened EXCEL, it relies on the SLEEP function to pause processing until a set amount of time has passed. Hopefully, the amount of time is sufficient for EXCEL to open successfully, but there is no guarantee. Finally, this set amount of time must be predetermined and sufficient for the worst case scenario (i.e. the slowest machine on which the code might possibly be run). This means the pause is always set higher than the minimum amount of time required for EXCEL to open, does not take advantage of the best resources available, and causes the end user to wait unnecessarily. |
excel, conditional do loop | source | 4 |
| 48 | Letting Firedrills Put Themselves Out on the Web with SAS Software | Robert M. Pomero, Heather Travel |
In spite of gathering requirements and developing many production reports, developers are often asked to drop everything in order to produce an ad hoc report for upper management. The continuing occurrence of these requests causes the developers to become extremely frustrated, especially if the time lines on current projects are still expected to be met. A tool that can help solve this problem Is an ad hoc query tool on the Web. With the requirement by U S WEST users that applications be on the company's Intranet, SAS/INTRNET is used to develop a tool that will allow many of these requests to be accomplished by the users themselves. In order for the tool to be successful, well thought-out data marts must be in place. The data marts must not only contain detail data sets, but summarized data sets that are grouped by all possible categories and combinations of categories. Date variables are also designated so that they can be used for the timeframes that the users want. |
data mart, date variable, excel | source | 2 |
| 49 | Long Names and Other V8 Tips: A Bit More on Job Security | Arthur L. Carpenter, Tony Payne |
With the advent of the Nashville releases of the SAS System (Versions 7 and 8), a number of new opportunities have been added to the toolboxes of Job Security aficionados. In previous presentations and papers (Carpenter, 1993; Carpenter and Payne, 1998) a series of tips and techniques have been foisted on the unsuspecting SAS user community with the objective of increasing the job security of SAS programmers by making them indispensable to their bosses. The list of tips continues to grow. And now with the added features of the Nashville releases, the list is greatly expanded. One area of special interest for job security specialists has revolved around the naming of variables and data sets. Now with the relaxed restrictions for SAS names comes a large number of opportunities. | proc step, dataset, proc format, job security, proc sort, %if-%then-%else, proc sql | source | 6 |
| 50 | Monkey Games: Analysis of Some Behavioral Toxicology Data | Richard R. Allen | Five groups of monkeys were tested on a battery of four behavioral tasks to determine if being exposed to a particular drug had any effect on their learning capabilities. They were tested on two pairs of tasks every other weekday for a period of a year and a half. This talk will center on the longitudinal analysis of the accuracy of response for the Conditioned Position Responding Task (CPR), a color and position discrimination task. The data and results of the analysis are presented in a web report built using the ODS system with drill-down graphics from Version 8 of the SAS System. Generalized linear modeling techniques were used to determine if there were any differences between the groups. |
proc step, proc mixed, regression analysis, proc genmod | source | 7 |
| 51 | ODS for Dummies | Christopher R. Ollinger | The Output Delivery System (ODS) in Version 7 and Version 8 of the SAS System provides a powerful feature set for customizing SAS output. This paper is primarily an introductory look at ODS for the person who is a beginner at SAS programming. Also included are some tips for more advanced SAS users based on feedback that we have received thus far. |
output delivery system, sas output, ods html, file statement, data step, proc print, macro variable, raw data, proc step, proc template | source | 9 |
| 52 | Patterns for Producing Web-Enabled Applications | SAS Institute (a company) | In the chess game of applications deployment, the Web has put your King in check. As you scramble to make sense of all your options, we'd like to take a few minutes to show you how using SAS software allows you to bring your game to a winning conclusion. It's the lure of easy accessibility that makes the Web so compelling. Anyone with a browser can get to your application if you Web-enable it. The distribution of the software for your application is then taken care of by virtue of the connection between your user's browser and the Web server. The data for the application, as well as the actual executables, is under centralized (read 'your') control on a server, minimizing the impact of programmatic and content changes on your user community. | sample, proc sql | source | 10 |
| 53 | Playing With String Data | David Fickbohm | This talk will introduce beginning SAS users to the idea of using string functions. Users will be introduced to several STRING functions that come with BASE SAS. Attendees will learn functions provide quick easy ways to work with STRING data. They will learn functions provide the building blocks for effective, more flexible SAS programs. Users will be introduced to the LENGTH, | character variable, substr function, translate, compress function, input statement, length statement, numeric variable, proc step, string functions, character functions | source | 6 |
| 54 | Power Indexing: A Guide to Using Indexes Effectively in Nashville Releases | Diane Olson | In Version 6 of the SAS System software, there were performance problems with some index features. This paper addresses how those problems have been resolved in the Nashville releases (Version 7 and later releases). It also supplies guidelines to help you decide when indexes will benefit your application and Increase the performance of your SAS programs. Questions answered in this paper include: D VVhatareindexes? D How do I create an index? D VVhat are the benefits of an index and when does the SAS System use indexes to access data? D VVhat additional resources do indexes use? o VVhat are the index improvements In Nashville releases? ,. Gentiles }> More User Control }> APPEND Procedure }> Expanded WHERE Optimization |
dataset, index, proc step, proc append, by group processing, set statement, proc sql | source | 5 |
| 55 | Preparing the SAS Software Programming Environment for Regulatory Submission | Sunil Kumar Gupta | For pharmaceutical companies, there ill a push to prepare SAS programs fur clinical study reporting and analysis. SAS programs are set up in advance of the study completion to facilitate the generation of the final study analysis, tables, listings, and graphs. Tbrougb!mt the study project, SAS software provides the key elements fur successful regulil.tmy submission. This paper reviews the process of establishing a standard | proc step, clinical trial, macro variable, data cleaning, sas programmer, adverse events, macro definition, data science, sample | source | 5 |
| 56 | Presenting Your Data Easily With Graph-N-Go | Curtis A. Smith | Visualizing and presenting data effectively using reports and listings can be a difficuH task. The SAS System overcomes this difficuHy by offering a wide variety of graphing capabilities with the SAS/GRAPH module. Using the SAS System you can use graphs as a data exploration technique to see patterns, trends, and anomalies and you can present your data as graphs to make data easier to understand. But hey, writing code for those SAS/GRAPH procedures is not for everyone. There is now great news for those who do want graphs but do not want to write program code. SAS recently introduced Graph-N-Go, a completely interactive interface for making several types of graphs from your SAS data sets. I know · it's a goofy name, but Graph-N-Go is anything but goofy. Graph-N-Go provides you with the facility to create great looking two and three-dimensional graphs without any programming and with a little effort. |
source | 6 | |
| 57 | PROC CALIS Multi-Sample Analysis | Diana D. Suhr | Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique incorporating measured variables (observed) and latent constructs (unobserved variables). A question frequently asked in SEM is whether data for different groups fits the same model. PROC CALIS (Covariance Analysis of Linear Structural Equations) estimates parameters and tests the appropriateness of structural equation models. Unfortunately, the current version of PROC CALIS does not provide for multi-sample comparisons simultaneously. A method to "trick" PROC CALIS into analyzing multiple groups will be shown. |
sample, proc calis, proc step, estimate, latent variable, covariance, sample size | source | 3 |
| 58 | PROC FREQ: It's More Than Counts | Richard Severino | The FREQ procedure can be used for more than just obtaining a simple frequency distribution or a 2-way cross-tabulation. Multi dimension tables can be analyzed using PROC FREQ. There are many options which control what statistical test is performed as well as what output is produced. Some of the tests require that the data satisfy certain conditions .. Some options produce a set of resulls from which one must select appropriately for the s~uation at hand. Which of the resulls produced by using the CHISQ option should one use? What is the WEIGHT statement for? Why would one create an output data set with the OUT= option? This paper (beginning tutorial) will answer these questions as many of the options available in PROC FREQ are reviewed. |
proc freq, proc step, odds ratio, sample, sample size, relative risk, chi-square test, confidence interval, exact test, cumulative frequency, numeric functions, format statement, null hypothesis, data step, binomial distribution, frequency analysis, fisher exact test, alternative hypothesis, proc format, nominal variable, correlation, regression analysis | source | 10 |
| 59 | Pruning the SASLOG - Digging into the Roots of NOTEs, WARNINGs, and ERRORs | Andrew T. Kuligowski | 'Look at your SASLOG.' You hear it from instructors of courses related to the SAS System. You read it in papers that are published in the Proceedings of SESUG and other similar conferences. But they never seem to address the next obvious issue - 'Then what?' What should you be looking for? And what should you do if you find it? This presentation will look at one message that is often found in the SASLOG: NOTE: MERGE statement has more than one data set with repeats of BY values. We will discuss - and quickly discount - a 'bandage' approach that will stop the message from being displayed. More importantly, we will discuss the creation of an ad-hoc routine that will help you understand why the message occurred, and how to revise your code to prevent its recurrence. |
proc step, numeric variable, out=, merge statement, dataset, proc means | source | 5 |
| 60 | PUT, DBLOAD and DDE: Three Ways to Export Data to EXCEL and Why to Use Them | Doug Felton, Frank A. Ferriola |
No matter how good we think SAS is, in many situations, the end user needs to take the data from SAS and use it in another format, frequently Microsoft EXCEL. This paper will present three ways to get the data to the user for use in Microsoft EXCEL and the advantage/disadvantages of each of them. Using FILEIPUf, PROC DBLOAD and Dynamic Data Exchange (ODE), you can successfully output the data and avoid the frustrations that we encountered trying to get data to our clients. |
excel, proc step, put statement, autocall macro, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 61 | Reading and Writing Data from Microsoft Word/Excel Using DDE | Dana Rafiee | excel, data step | source | 6 | |
| 62 | SAS Formats: Making the Best of a Bad Situation | Michelle L. Pritchard | A common problem for SAS programmers when working with categorical data is how to utilize SAS format capabilities that associate labels with the values of a variable. It is often hard to decide whether to permanently associate the format with the variable. Sometimes you want to work with the formatted values and sometimes you want to work with the underlying numeric values. Also, this decision could have implications for quality control. Other issues to consider are: 1) Should the original value be included in the format? 2) When is it appropriate to reorder categories using formats? 3) How can format libraries be transferred to other operating systems? and 4) What issues arise when using formats with SAS/GRAPH? This paper will discuss these common considerations, with examples, and provide recommendations. |
proc freq, proc step, format statement | source | 2 |
| 63 | SAS Information Delivery with Email and the Internet | Sy J. Truong | Email has permeated personal and professional forms of conununication. It has become the de facto connnunication method on the Internet. It is therefore a perfect combination to combine email and related web technologies with SAS to form the ultimate information delivery system. This form of communication is efficient, cost effective and can move quickly on Internet time. This paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering SAS information via email. It will also explore some of the related issues including: Combining email with HTML and web services Effective use of attachments Security Automation of email services These concepts will be demonstrated through the Trialex SystemTM and the Thesaurex SystemTM, which are implemented with SASIIntrNet. The ubiquity of email makes it an effective tool for communicating SAS information to all users at any location. | sas output, sas log | source | 6 |
| 64 | SAS Macro Application for Simulating Arrays | S. Patrick Thornton | This paper works toward a standard and reusable set of SAS macros to interface with the DATA STEP and to resolve stored values. Arrays are trequentiy simulated in SAS macro programming using macro variable naming conventions. These convensions allow the sequential transversing of the macro names, thus some degree of array functionality. The macro programs presented here store and access data set values. Data stored to the macro arrays may be accessed by order of storage or by the specific coordinate of the defined macro data matrix. The macros implement the rules of stacks (first-in last-out) and pointers to access the data. |
%if-%then-%else, macro loop, macro variable, macro definition, macro put, macro call, call symput | source | 6 |
| 65 | SAS Report Writing Over the Years: An Exploration Into the Difficult Task of Meeting Everyone's Needs | Richard C. Chiofolo | Writing reports is not a very esoteric or intellectual task. It lacks glamour. The ability to produce reports isn't something people cite on their resumes. However, it may be one of the most useful functions in any language package because programmer/analysts often need only put information on a piece of paper as a list or simple comparison of some business function or event. Whether the data is character fields in a list or data points put on a graph, the intent is the same: put information in a format for presentation. Some level of summarization may be desired, but people are rarely willing to look at final statistical results without seeing some of the detailed information first. | data step, proc step, proc freq, sas programmer, proc means | source | 8 |
| 66 | SAS STAT applications in Econometrics | Mathura Thillainathan, George C. J. Fernandez |
This paper presents the SAS procedures which are mostly used in Econometric analysis. The theory of Econometrics is grouped into linear and multiple linear regressions, nonlinear models, time series models, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, systems of linear equation models and limited dependent and duration models. Relevant SAS procedures from SASIETS and SASISTAT are described for each theoretical model, by discussing them briefly with some examples. Keywords: SASIETS, SASISTAT. PROCs REG, GLM, | proc step, regression analysis, time series analysis, logistic distribution, proc reg, logistic regression, likelihood function, proc glm, proc autoreg, proc model, maximum likelihood estimation, output, proc genmod, estimate, proc logistic, predictor variable, proc nlin, proc arima, multiple regression, response variable, conditional logistic regression, degrees of freedom, moving average, proc phreg, proc lifereg, sample, main effect, data science | source | 10 |
| 67 | SAS Version 8 Interface (Display Manager) | Dana Rafiee | proc step, proc export, proc import, dataset | source | 42 | |
| 68 | SAS, Trialex, an Intranet, and Adobe Acrobat 4.0: Could This Be an FDA Electronic Submission? | David Eber | Pharmacyclics, Inc. is a small pharmaceutical company located in Sunnyvale, CA. Although Pharmacyclics has done SAS programming for years, the Biometrics department was not truly developed until early 1999. As of that time, reports were generated, printed on paper, and then distributed to the end users of the information. As Pharmacyclics generated final reports of early clinical studies and beginning its phase III trials, it set a goal of using electronic authoring for writing and reviewing documents, and packaging FDA submissions. To meet this goal, more employees were hired; the company expanded into a second building to accommodate its growth. A major challenge for the Biometrics department was to quickly deliver more information to a greater number of users in multiple locations. | dataset, clinical trial | source | 4 |
| 69 | Scrolling & Downloading Web Results | Ming C. Lee | Since the inception of the INTERNET and Web Browsers, the need for speedy information to make split second business decisions has become part of our daily lives. However, information retrieved from the Web can be overwhelming at times due to the immense size of the data, which is only the beginning of the problem. Web Browsers allow users to access information with ease; however, the number of records a user is able to browse at one time is limited to the amount of memory and processor on their computer. One of the many ways to circumvent the problem is to upgrade their computer with a faster processor and more memory, which is expensive. Therefore, it would be easier to control the number of records the user can view at any one time, and provide an option to allow them to download all of the data if required. This will eliminate the possibility of a frozen keyboard and the need to reboot the computer and would also eliminate any frustrations. | proc step, macro variable | source | 5 |
| 70 | Security on the Web Using SAS/IntrNet Software and HTML | Ming C. Lee | The increase in INTERNET usage from both companies and from the general public h!!s caused security to become a growing concern and in tum a whole industry Is being created. Each day more and more companies bring their business closer to individuals for home, personal and business usage. Business transactions are increasing daily as we approach the paperless trail society. One way to safe guard the company proprietary information from hackers and competitors is by installing security on the web. Security can limit access to the company sensitive data areas, by granting different level of access on a need to know basis. There are many ways to provide security on the web, one of the more effective ways is through the usage of SASIIntrNet*M In conjunction with SASihtmSQLTM and HTML. | macro definition, proc sql, sas base | source | 5 |
| 71 | Simplifying a Merge with SAS Macro | S. Patrick Thornton | These macro programs create a DATA STEP, MERGE statement, IN option syntax and appropriate IF statements involving the IN variables inorder to control complex merges of multiple data sets. The programs also control appropriate variable renaming when merging data sets that have Identical variable names. The paper will discuss the use of the macros and highlight some of the techniques used to accomplish the tasks. |
macro loop, merge statement, if-then-else, macro definition, in= option, proc step, macro variable, proc contents, rename statement, %if-%then-%else | source | 5 |
| 72 | SQL and Its Applications - Problem Solving Techniques for Everyone | Kirk Paul Lafler | Techniques for solving typical data processing problems often involve a great deal of data manipulation and computing resources. When confronted with problems of this nature, you could | proc sql, right join, full join, left join, create view | source | 4 |
| 73 | Subsetting Files vs. Summarizing Files | Curtis A. Smith | Frequently, when creating files for your data warehouse or within a SAS program, it makes sense to create smaller files to work with. Sometimes subset files are the better solution: other times summary files are the better solution. Which is better when? And how do you create subset and summary files? This paper will discuss the techniques and programming code for creating subset files, where the SAS programmer eliminates observations and/or variables. This paper will also discuss the techniques and programming code for creating summary files, where the SAS programmer collapses a data file into fewer observations and variables. | dataset, where statement, proc means, by group processing, class variable, variable list, character variable, if-then-else, missing value, proc step | source | 6 |
| 74 | Summarizing to the One-Record-Pere-Oerson Using PROC SUMMARY: When to Use CLASS and When to Use BY | Jenny Yu | Many data management projects require a programmer to read and summarize very large administrative databases. Often these data are stored longitudinally, 'containing numerous assessments or observations per individual. For instance, much of the data used in health care studies (insurance claims data, clinical trials, and disease registries) fall into this category. It is often necessary to create a one-record-per-person | proc means, proc step, out=, where statement, insurance claims, by group processing | source | 6 |
| 75 | Taking Advantage of the SAS System on the Windows Platform | Gary Mehler | As the Microsoft Windows platform continues to evolve and mature, business applications can more effectively realize large-scale benefits in this relatively cost-effective environment. This paper presents a discussion of the state of the Windows platform {including Windows 2000 and Terminal Services) and how the SAS System takes advantage and integrates with the operating system. New features of the Version 8 SAS System are also covered. | dataset, sas base | source | 10 |
| 76 | Taking Control and Keeping It: Creating and Using Conditionally Executable SAS Code | Justina M. Flavin, Arthur L. Carpenter |
Have you ever wanted to selectively execute chunks of program code? Do you want to leave debugging statements in your program for future debugging sessions while preventing their execution without commenting them manually? Would you like your program to automaticaUy start at a specified time or perhaps delay the start for some period of time? Do you want to have error conditions in one step determine which, if any, of the remaining parts of the program are to be executed? These concepts and othSIS will be discussed in the context of controlling how and when all or a portion of a program runs using conditionally executable SAS code. | macro variable, interim analysis, macro facility, proc step, macro definition | source | 4 |
| 77 | Test Development: Ten Steps to a Valid and Reliable Certification Exam | Linda Althouse | The intent of a certification program is to evaluate the knowledge and skills of practitioners seeking a credential to ensure a desired level of competence. For certification examinations to serve their intended goal, the examination must assess the performanca that the scores are Intended to represent. Subsequently, each item on the examination must serve to assess the performance or knowledge being measured by the examination. The purpose of this paper is to describe the steps necessary to develop a valid and reliable certification examination which would fulfill the goal of a certification program. | sample, phase i | source | 8 |
| 78 | The Software Development Process and SAS | Robert M. Romero | Many IT organizations are using the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) to improve their software development process. Too often, SAS is used by non-IT organizations for application development. Many of the developers have little if any computer programming experience other than SAS. They do not use a lot of the good programming practices that are taught to computer scientists and software engineers. As a result, and because of the power of SAS, these groups find themselves buried in chaos in a short amount of time. This problem may also be due to the immediate demands by clients, and the ability of the developers to respond quickly to those demands. A great dependence on the heroics of the SAS programmers is developed and places the companies in jeopardy if the developers leave. On the other hand, when IT groups use SAS and try to implement all of the parts of the CMM to SAS, the projects usually do not meet the demands of the clients and the process Is known as "trying to COBAUze SAS". | sas programmer, sas programming | source | 2 |
| 79 | Tracking a Multi-Source Sampling Effort | Kathryn A. Valdes | SRI International was awarded a multi-year contract to study school-aged students with disabilities. The study will follow students for several years to learn about their experiences in the school years as they move from elementary and middle school into high school. This paper explores one of the first and most essential steps of the study: drawing a sample and keeping track of the various activities that were involved in completing that task. | sample, macro variable, excel, %if-%then-%else | source | 6 |
| 80 | Unemployment and the Money Supply: Estimating Lag Coefficients Using PROC PDLREG | Jia L. Wang | The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the PROC PDLREG procedure may be used to determine the influence that the Money Supply has on the Unemployment Rate in the United States. Using different data structures several distributed lag models are developed using the Unemployment Rate as the dependent variable and the Money Supply as the independent variable. In order to assess the efficiency of PROC PDLREG, the results of the PROC PDLREG procedure will be compared to results from PROC AUTOREG and PROC REG. Graphical display will be created with PROC G3D. |
proc step, response variable, predictor variable, degrees of freedom, proc autoreg, proc reg | source | 6 |
| 81 | Unix to RTF Macro: Producing RTF Reports on the Unix Platform | Jim Snider | Report production in SAS can be very frustrating when there is more data to display than can fit on a page. In those situations, rather than allowing report rows to flow to multiple pages, we have chosen to reformat the reports in MS Word, specifying a font and font size that allows all of the report data to be displayed on one page. The primary drawback to this solution is that it can be very time consuming, requiring human intervention to produce the final report. For automated reporting processes developed on the Unix platform, a 'hands off' solution is required. The macro that is being presented in this paper is one that has provided a solution for our needs and may meet the needs of other SAS users. | macro variable, macro definition, %if-%then-%else | source | 2 |
| 82 | Using an Application Programming Interface to Leverage SAS data | Wayne R. Wilson | SAS Institute has recognized that having open interfaces to SAS data is an important issue for SAS programmers and clients. The SAS SQL Library For C is an application programming interface that enables users to use SQL queries and statements to access data in SAS data sets and other DBMS formats. This library of C functions enables a non-SAS programmer to build small, fast applications that use SAS data. Since the C programming language is used at Barra, Inc., in particular, in the Fixed Income group, we had a need for non-SAS programmers to access SAS data without using the full power of SAS software. | source | 5 | |
| 83 | Using Macro Functions | Arthur L. Carpenter | Many macro functions are very analogous to those of the DATA STEP. The differences are in how they are used and applied. While DATA STEP functions are applied to values on the Program Data Vector, PDV, macro functions are used to create, modify, and work with text strings. Initially this may seem like a minor difference, but because macro functions deal with text, they can be used to build SAS code. This becomes the powerful advantage of the macro language. The use of various macro functions will be presented. Some of these functions return quoted results, and macro quoting functions will be introduced. Examples will include functions like 'l6SYSEV ALF and %SYSFUNC, which are new to V6.11 and V6.12, as well as, various Autocall macros. Several of the examples are adapted from ·Carpenters Complete Guide to the SAS" Macro Language". |
macro variable, macro function, macro facility, macro put, proc print, macro quoting function, proc step, automatic macro variable, character functions, macro call, macro definition, %if-%then-%else | source | 7 |
| 84 | Using of SAS Software to Develop an Electronic Events Review Process for Outcomes Adjudication by an Events Review Committee with an Electronic Data Transfer | David Eber, See Phan |
In clinical trials, assessment of patient outcomes often involves the clinical investigator's subjective judgment. This occurs because, for many disease states, a clear, objective measure of the patient's status is unavailable. When a clinical trial is conducted over multiple centers and countries, obtaining consistent determinations of these outcomes is even more complicated. The disparate opinions of investigators and regional or national clinical practice patterns impact these assessments. To provide reliable evaluation of such uncertain outcomes, clinical trials often use an endpoint review committee (ERC). Often, these committees are entrusted with determining outcomes for key trial endpoints. | clinical trial, proc step, macro variable, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 85 | Using PROC FACTOR to Conduct an Exploratory Factor Analysis of Self Reported Symptom Data | Tyler C. Smith | The objective of this paper is to compare the underlying structure of a large group of observable . variables over two populations using an exploratory factor analysis. A lengthy list of variables will be reduced to a set of unobserved latent factors that account for the intercorrelations among the observed variables using PROC FACTOR. Estimating prior communalities, determining the number of factors to keep, explaining different rotations, reading eigenvalue output, and analyzing factor scores, will be demonstrated using sen reported symptom data: This brief talk will demonstrate the use of the SAS System's PROC FACTOR as a powerful and versatile tool for reducing large sets of observable variables into sets of fewer, more meaningful variables, simplifying analyses. |
factor analysis, correlation, proc step, proc factor, factor loading, univariate analysis, regression analysis, proc princomp | source | 6 |
| 86 | Using SAS and DDE to Execute VBA Macros in Microsoft Excel | Christopher A. Roper | Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is the programming language Microsoft uses for all their desktop products, including Microsoft EXCEL. VBA allows programmatic control for virtually all the functionality of EXCEL. Because of the popularity of EXCEL as an end-user tool and the power and flexibility of the SAS System to deliver information, integration of these two resources is inevitable. One of the most popular and powerful protocols for integrating SAS and EXCEL is Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). However, SAS can not send VBA commands to EXCEL using DDE. This paper will present a technique for circumventing this limitation. A VBA macro can be recorded in an EXCEL workbook, and then that macro can be executed by a SAS application using DDE and a command from the EXCEL 4.0 macro language. |
excel, xls | source | 4 |
| 87 | Using SAS for Analyzing Website Traffic | Chong Ho Yu, Angel Jannasch-Pennell, Samuel DiGangi |
Tracking Web traffic is crucial to both corporate and educational institutions. Analysis of user patterns could provide instructive feedback for continued improvement of websites. This paper demonstrates how SAS/CORE (SAS Institute, 1990a), SAS/GRAPH (SAS Institute, 1990b) and JMP (2000a) can be programmed to extract useful information from website user access log. |
proc step, exploratory data analysis | source | 6 |
| 88 | Using SAS Software and Visual Basic for Applications to Automate Tasks in Microsoft Word: An Alternative to Dynamic Data Exchange | Mark T. Stetz | Using Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) to drive Microsoft Office applications such as Word and EXCEL has long been a technique utilized by SAS programmers. While alternatives exist (e.g., generating RTF code, OLE Automation), the use of ODE in conjunction with the native scripting languages of these applications has been appealing since implementation is simple and the macro recording capabilities of Office applications make script generation nearly automatic. Harris (SUGI 24 Proceedings, 1999) described a particularly elegant design for using the SAS System and DOE to populate Microsoft Word documents. Now that the more sophisticated Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is the common development environment among all Office applications, however, DOE only works with Office application legacy macro languages. Employing Harris' design, this paper describes a technique to simulate the ease of use of the ODE methodology while taking full advantage of VBA to automate Microsoft Word. |
macro definition, macro parameter, txt, excel | source | 6 |
| 89 | Using SAS to Calculate Kappa and Confidence Intervals for Binary Data with Multiple Raters, and the Consensus of Multiple Diagnoses | Arthur M. Noda, Helena Chmura Kraemer, Vyjeyanthl S. Perlyakoll |
Suppose you go to the doctor to get a medical diagnosis. How confident would you be of that diagnosis? If you could get a second, third, or even fourth opinion, how many positive diagnoses would convince you, and how reliable would that consensus be? If each of a sample of patients are evaluated by enough raters and are independently diagnosed as either positive or negative, we can evaluate the reliability (kappa coefficient and corresponding confidence interval), of each consensus of2, 3, 4, ... , M raters. We can select the optimal consensus, and demonstrate an increase in reliability with multiple diagnoses. Results indicate that · the majority rule does not always work, nor does any single rule, which leaves determinstion of the optimal consensus to empirical evaluation. SAS code is presented that calculates the kappa coefficient and the confidence intervals (using a jackknife technique) for these cases and determines the optimal consensus. | sample, confidence interval, weighted kappa | source | 6 |
| 90 | Using SAS to Estimate Parameters for the World Securities Markets and Related Foreign Currencies Market | Kamal Shoukry | The purpose of this study is to analyze relationships among securities markets and foreign currencies markets, since they both belong to one entity, the financial market. The European Union's currency will also be considered in order to assess its relevance as an alternative to both the French and German currencies. SAS procedures of correlation, regression, and arima modeling are utilized in this study. Relationships Among Stock Markets and International Currencies The international demand for a country's currency is both a demand for the country's exports and for its stocks and bonds. Changes in the international value of a currency because of changes in the demand for it and in the supply of it in the world's currencies market affect the country's balance of payments and the prices of stocks, bonds, and stock markets indices. The decrease in the value of a currency tends to increase the country's exports and decrease its imports and lead its trade balance toward a surplus. | correlation, interest rate, regression analysis, proc step | source | 5 |
| 91 | Using SAS/CONNECT Software in a Multi-Platform Environment | Cyndie B. Gareleck, Rodger Madison |
This tutorial provides an overview of client/server computing; discusses client/server services available in SAS/CONNECT software, gives Instructions for installing and running the SAS spawner under Solaris 2.6 and Windows NT/2000, and presents code from several applications that use SAS/CONNECT. The paper also discusses the use of scripts to Initiate and end remote sessions, and potential benefits of using SAS/CONNECT software to Improve program and cost efficiency. While the examples illustrate use on an NT /Windows 20001 system and a UNIX workstation, the concepts are appHcable to other operating environments. |
traffic data, proc step, proc sql, libname statement | source | 7 |
| 92 | Using the Data Step to Output Very Useful HTML and Tips for Making Web Pages More Accessible to the Blind | Cecille R. Birner, Charles Hixson, Barbara Rhodes |
This paper has two main parts: how we used the DATA STEP to produce very useful HTML reports and what steps were taken to assure that these HTML pages were accessible to the blind. The reports are written as SAS macros and updated frequently to display important financial data. The HTML pages produced are accessed regularly by transportation project sponsors and the general public in the San Francisco Bay Area. While technology exists for the blind and visually impaired to navigate the web via speaking browsers, there are simple steps that can be taken to insure that your pages will be easily navigated by all web users. |
data step, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 93 | Using the SAS/GRAPH Annotate Facility | Joseph L. McCormick | Since its introduction, users have sought ways to create specialized graphic output with the SAS/GRAPH product. Some have been more successful than others. Creative manipulation of data can often produce the desired picture, but the Annotate facility permits you to customize any SAS/GRAPH procedure output to enhance your graphic presentation. This paper will be a tutorial on the Annotate facility. It will also provide examples of possible applications. |
proc step, footnote statement, macro facility | source | 6 |
| 94 | Utilization of SAS Programs in the Business Environment | Sunil Kumar Gupta, Charles E. Shipp |
Business can take advantage of all the features of the SAS System. By taking a task-oriented approach to address business issues, SAS programs can be written. to support the functional requirements of business operations. The objective of many companies is to establish a data warehouse structure that incorporates total customer involvement with standards and documentation. The four main areas that will be reviewed include data access, data management, data analysis and data presentation. Critical business decisions will benefit from these structured approaches. | proc step, dataset, excel, missing value, create table, output delivery system, data cleaning, proc sql | source | 5 |
| 95 | Utilizing SAS Functions to Access Variable Information | Joleen A. Borgerding, Akiko Chai |
This paper demonstrates how to grab essential information about variables, such as the format and type, for use in producing statistical reports. Rather than accessing this informat.ion using the OUT= option within a PROC CONTENTS, some relatively new (Version 6.12) functions, |
variable, macro variable, proc contents, proc step, %if-%then-%else | source | 2 |
| 96 | Version 8 ODS (Output Delivery System) | Dana Rafiee | This presentation is designed to demonstrate the different possibilities we use when we build web based applications for clients and teach them the web publishing techniques we use with SAS Software. Actual examples are available on our web site. | proc step, output delivery system | source | 8 |
| 97 | Visiting the White House with SAS: A PROC SPECTRA Application | Joseph E. Earley | This paper describes how to use the highly sophisticated SAS procedure PROC SPECTRA to detect periodicity in a time series. The series selected for analysis is the monthly number of recreation visits to the White House in Washington, D.C. This paper illustrates how to interpret the periodogram, spectral density, Fisher's Kappa and other summary statistics output from PROC |
proc step, proc freq, time series analysis | source | 5 |
| 98 | Web Publishing in SAS System | Dana Rafiee | This presentation is designed to demonstrate the different possibilities we use when we build web based applications for clients and teach them the web publishing techniques we use with SAS Software. Actual examples are available on our web site. | proc step, proc tabulate | source | 8 |
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