SEUGI 1991 Papers - Index

86 papers. Source: SEUGI (SAS European Users Group International) conference proceedings.

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Extras	Pages
1	"Power: SAS/ACCESS to DB2 Financial Analysis Environment for Investment Research	Bernard Burgin, Paul Gillis	We work in a small EOP team at the Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS). Our internal customers are the bank's investment research group who provide documents and information to the financial advisors who deal with the bank's clients. How does an investment researcher work in an ideal environment? He/she can access a broad range of data in a central database, covering investment portfolios, worldwide financial markets, and historical data. The researcher performs individualized statistical analyses on his workstation. Or, he initiates standardized processing on the mainframe, for example generating a security recommendation document ('recommendation list'). Our challenge is to meet the researchers' needs. We must provide the comprehensive financial database and the tools with which they can access, analyze, and maintain the data. The pil ot phase of POWER (Portfo1 io-Ori ented Worldwide Equity Research) started this last February	proc step, proc sql, dataset, macro variable, create table, flat file, group by, macro facility, insert	source	11
2	A Graphical Demonstration of Statistical Concepts	Marlies Lacante	This educational application is a visual demonstration of elemen tary statistical notions. The demonstration includes topics such as the influence of changing the parameters of a distribution on the shape of the distribution, the construction and interpretation of confidence intervals for the mean and for proportions, the influence of the sample size on confidence intervals, etc. The users can simulate by changing the parameters, they get the graphical output of their manipulations. The application is written using SAS software, especially `SAS/AF` and `SAS/GRAPH` software. The `SAS/GRAPH` software procedure `PROC GREPLAY` is very often used; e.g. to display new and remove old curves and lines without removing the axes and text of the graphs, e.g. to compare several graphs at the same time, etc. The demonstration is originally developed on mainframe, under CMS, Version 5 of the SAS system	proc step, binomial distribution, sample, sample size, confidence interval, proc greplay	source	13
3	An Application for the Analysis of Pain Data by Summary Measures	A. Longoni, G. Marcon, M. Sanarico, S. Galimberti		proc means, degrees of freedom	source	4
4	An Application of Multiple Correspondence Analysis to Clinical Data on Ischemic Heart Disease	Claudio Brunelli, Edoardo Bracci, Mariangela Protti, Renza Cristofani		dataset, proc step, proc corresp, multiple correspondence analysis	source	11
5	An End-User Application for Pharmaceutical Research	Guy Toulouse		data cleaning, batch job	source	19
6	An Example of the Use of Historical Information in the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Screening Trials	Egbert Biesheuvel, R. A. J. Wixley	Series of pharmaceutical screening trials often result in large collections of observations on many different compounds over an extended period of time. Efficient tools to manage such experimental processes are described. The efficient statistical analysis used also checks if the process is in control. The proposed statistical method has a covariance structure based on blocking. The variance components are estimated by REML applied to the historical database. Treatment effects estimates are obtained by inserting historically estimated variance components into GLS equations. The whole procedure has been programmed in SAS.	restricted maximum likelihood, treatment effect, maximum likelihood estimation, likelihood function, generalized least squares, outlier, fixed effects, covariance, proc step	source	9
7	An Interface Between the SAS System and the INFORMIX Database	J. B. Brown, K. A. Kelly, Kevin Kane	AMGEN Ltd., a pharmaceutical company, uses an Informix based relational database to store its clinical trials data, and performs statistical ,analysis using the SAS system. This creates the problem of data transfer between the two systems, and ensuring that the transfer is exact. A set of generic Informix-4GL programs were written to transfer automatically the data from any Informix database to a series of SAS datasets by interrogating the database system catalogue. The first 4GL program dumps the data from each database table into formatted ASCII files. The next program creates SAS code which reads the ASCII files into SAS datasets. The generated SAS code is executed, creating a SAS dataset corresponding to each database table. The procedure to ensure that the SAS datasets exactly match the data held in the Informix tables is to re-transfer the data from SAS into Informix and to compare this set of data with the original copy	clinical trial, dataset, input statement, relational database	source	4
8	An Interface to the SAS System by Yafool	Ali Mili, Hedia Mhiri Sellami, Roland Ducournaw		data science, proc step, proc princomp	source	9
9	An International Forestry Information Delivery System	Felice Padovani		data science, dataset	source	10
10	An MIS Incorporating SAS/ASSIST Software	Bernadette Ruane		call symput, proc step, dataset, batch job	source	11
11	Attributable Risk Estimation Using SAS/STAT Software	Olaf Gefellar	In epidemiologic studies devot~d to .the analysis of the relationship between an exposure characteristic and a disease the attributable risk constitutes an interesting epidemiologic risk measure. It can be interpreted as the proportion of cases of disease due to the exposure under study among all cases of disease in the study population. Thus, it indicates the impact of the exposure factor on the disease load of the population and can aid public health administrators in determining promising targets for disease preventive strategies in the population. The estimation of attributable risk from data arranged in contingency tables has received much attention in the statistical literature during recent years. However, none of the leading statistical software packages including SAS has incorporated the attributable risk in the catalogue of measures of association to be automatically calculated in some procedure	relative risk, proc step, proc calis, sample, proc freq, maximum likelihood estimation, odds ratio, likelihood function	source	8
12	Bringing High Performance SAS System to Every Desktop with X and Windows	R. A. Pereira	The technical work done at the De Beers Ore Evaluation Department has necessitated our adoption of a 'horses for courses' philosophy. If the application required runs (best) on machine W, we get machine W. And usually machine W is one of a growing number of Unix workstations. As a result we now have six Unix work stations, over and above a DOS/Windows PC on every desk. All computers are networked with thin Ethernet cable, and the PCs have acCess to a Novell file server over the same cable. Each PC runs SAS off the Novell server, and SAS is also loaded on two workstations, a SUN Sparcstation and an IBM RS6000. Wouldn't it be nice if we could sit in front of our friendly and familiar PCs, and run graphics applications remotely on the Unix workstations? With TCP/IP, Windows 3 and X.Windows, we have done just that with SAS, with all the benefits of the X Graphical User Interface (GUl) - Windows, Icons, Mice, and Pull-down menus (WIMPs)	proc sgplot, proc step	source	5
13	Communication-Analysis	Birgitta Wagner		dataset, management reporting	source	2
14	Confidence Intervals for Bioequivalence Studies	B. Jones, D. J. Nichols, P. Blood	An in-house system for pharmacokinetic data management and analysis was developed using SAS@ 6.03 version software. This system was extended to perform bioequivalence testing using analysis of variance and calculation of confidence intervals for pharmacokinetic parameters. The bioequivalence tests included were conventional 90 or 95% confidence intervals, Westlake's symmetric confidence intervals and Schuirmann's two one-sided intervals. The Anderson & Hauck test and the Bayesian method of Mandallaz & Mau, using p values were also included (1). Analysis of variance used `PROC GLM`, the confidence interval programs were written as macro's and all the programs were incorporated in a menu-driven system using SASI AP software. The user can choose which data set to study, which pharmacokinetic parameters to analyze, whether the parameters are transformed prior to analysis and which hypothesis test or tests are performed	p-value, confidence interval, proc genmod, null hypothesis, anova, degrees of freedom, crossover study, pk parameter, adpp, proc step, data science, proc glm	source	12
15	Create your own Table Look-Up System	Nicolas A. Radulovich	With SASGt software, a user can custom build a table look-up system that reads data directly rather than sequentiaUy. This system relies on a technique used to relate files, and SAS' direct access method. This relational technique consists of the designation of the value of the automatic variable _ N _ to a variable in a source or look-up table. The value of _N_for each observation then works as an index and it is saved and stored as a format. The next step· is to define a pointer variable in the target data set in terms of the format values of the source jile we want to link to. Finally, SAS' point option in the `SET` statement is used with the pointer variable to read each look-up table directly. This paper addresses the utilization of this table look-up system in the context of a reporting application in healthcare informatics	proc format, cpu time	source	4
16	CUMULUS, Graphic Representation of Factorial Plans	D. Grange, M. Ringenbach	SAS and SPADN are the main software used for factor analysis at the CNRS Computer Center in Strasbourg. But neither of them produce printouts of factorial planes that are suitable for publishing. Moreover the information needed to mterpret the results is not given on the plots, but scattered through different tables. Cumulus enables the user to obtain a high resolution graph of factorial planes. Active and supplementary.variables (or individuals) can be drawn as well as the attributes of the plane (i.e. eigenvalues, ratio of inertia). . The cloud of individuals can be split into subgroups according to the various categories of a variable or to the results of a cluster analysis. Cumulus permits : to obtain clear labels of up to 20 character'S , . to separate overlapping labels to choose symbols of points to workout all ·the graphic footnotes, axes, inertia .... ,. elements, titles; * to have full control of fonts, cJi~lfacter height. and colors. ' . , '	proc step, proc corresp, proc gplot, correlation	source	7
17	Current and Future Directiosn in the SAS Windowing System and Display Manager	Claire Cates	This paper describes the graphical and text user interface of the SAS System and how the SAS Display Man ager(DM) takes advantage of the interface. The topics discussed in this paper include: the evolution of the SAS windowing system the base windows in DM the software layering that is used to achieve portability the future directions for DM and the windowing system	sas output, sas log	source	9
18	Current Status of the SAS System in the Soviet Union	Harry Bush	SAS in Soviet Union has a long history, beginning with late 70-ties when one of versions was presented by SAS Institute to mr. Tarasenko in Tomsk city in Siberia. Since 1983 Association SILAVA was one of main centers of spreading SAS system into Soviet Union. Unlicensed use of the system was in fact the only possible way then. The situation changed with glasnost politics. Since 1990 contacts were established between SAS European headquarters and main SAS sites in USSR. Presentations of SAS system were organized in Moscow, Vilnius and Kiev. We were glad to listen to mr. Cooke, mr. Russell, mr. Doerken and other SAS European officials. Since 1986 there is something like SAS user group in USSR. All-union SAS user meetings were organized in Moscow, 1986; Kishinev, 1987; Petrozavodsk, 1988; Tomsk, 1989; and Kiev, 1990. Now there are several hundred SAS sites allover the USSR. Almost all of them hope to join world SAS community as decent users	data science, quality control	source	7
19	Data-Analysis with SAS/GRAPH Software	H.C.M. van der Knaap	`SAS/GRAP`~ software supplies a reasonable number of procedures to present the results of statistical data-analyses. For that purpose handy use can be made of the possibility to output the results of statistical procedures into datasets. Besides simple one- or two-way data structures these procedures can also present multi-dimensional structures fairly well. If SASGb software is used for doing this and one also wants indicate the plausibility or generalizability of the conclusions then the use of the ANNOTATE facility is indispensable. Moreover it appears in practice that the use of this facility makes the interpretation of 3D-plots easier. Examples of this use of SASGb software will be presented. A number of the ANNOTATE-applications are so trivial that one wonders why in relevant procedures these options are not included	data science, regression analysis	source	10
20	Developing Reporting Systems for Clinical Trials in the Pharmaceutical Industry	David J. Shannon, Mark Baillet	The aim of this presentation is to consider what Reporting Tools a Statistician (or Data Analyst) in the Pharmaceutical Industry needs to enable him to analyse and report the results of Clinical Trials effectively and efficiently using appropriate software. The focus of attention is on Clinical Trials which would form the basis of a NDA (New Drug Application) to Government Regulatory Authorities. The Clinical Trials Process will be reviewed and the Reporting Requirements of a Data Analyst in this process will be considered. Detailed consideration will be given to the specific reporting needs of Clinical Trials which would be included in NDA's. It will be outlined how these Reporting Needs can be automated to meet the Analyst's needs. This review is based on experience gained in planning the development and implementation of an Automated Reporting System using components of the SAS System * built over an existing in-house Database	clinical trial, clinical database, data analyst	source	12
21	Development of PC-based Land Suitability Analysis and Demand Distribution Model for Allocation, Forecasting and Planning	Elise Bright, Parviz Nazem		proc sort, out=, proc step, in=	source	12
22	Effective Use of Indexes in the SAS System	Steve Beatrous	Indexes can be used to improve the performance of SAS programs. However, inappropriate use of indexes can actually degrade performance of some SAS programs. This paper discusses how indexes are used and can be abused in Release 6.06 of the SAS system. It also discusses development projects that will improve the use of indexes in future releases and help limit and overcome some of the potential pitfalls of indexes	where statement, if-then-else, by group processing, subsetting if, composite key, dataset, index, cpu time, proc step, normal distribution, put statement, set statement	source	10
23	Executive Information from Hospital Information Systems Why, What and How	Jens Nielsen, Jan Mark	This paper discusses how executive information can be obtained from Hospital Information Sy stems. It describes a development project in which a framework for an unified presentation of such information wascreated and implemented using SAS Version 6.06. The implementation has features like drill down, traffic lightning, user defined entities and gra phic as well as tabular presentation. The paper also describes some of the features and the tech niques used, especially the use of SCL and SQL	proc sql, data dictionary	source	4
24	Experimenting with SAS System Release 6.04 and Windows 3	Otto Burman		data wrangling, memory usage	source	4
25	Exploiting the Hyper-Text Functions in SASAF Software CBT Screens	Henrik Dorf	The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the facilities of SASj AF CPT entries can be used for an information retrieval system for large quantities of information. The paper will present the "Hyper-text" like functions of CBT, and demonstrate some programming techniques to facilitate the data collection for these entries. ' Why am I using `SAS/AF`. SMT Data AjS is an independant consulting company for computerperformance capacity planning and accounting. Using the SAS system we provide information and reports on the usage of your mainframe system. One of our goals is to provide information about your system, using programs to collect information that is usually browsed thrugh manually, and present this information in an easier accessible way. One of the tools is SASjAF. Before we start: Please note the current SAS Institute trademarks listed elsewhere in these proceedings	put statement, macro put, sample	source	8
26	Features of SAS/PH-Clinical Software	Gerhard Held, Patrick O'Donoghue	Although SAS software has been used extensively in the pharmaceutical Industry, our most familiar users have been statisticians and clinical data processors. This paper discusses features of a new SASe product designed to meet the needs of these users as well as other important users, including physicians, CRAs, and managers. The new product, `SAS/PH`-Clinical software, enables you to quickly create patient groups for special popula tions, query to find out how many patients meet given criteria, combine across studies, and view summaries for studies. The product provides descriptive statistics including percentage change and confidence intervals, basic inference, a wide variety of graphs, an ad-hOc tables facility, and interfaces to `SAS/ASSIS`~ software and `SAS/LNSIGHT`'" software	clinical data, histogram, clinical trial, pharmaceutical industry, confidence interval, proc means, data science, data wrangling, sas syntax	source	10
27	From Insurance Data to Executive Information Systems	Bent Lysgaard-Hansen, Paul Baden		management reporting, proc step	source	8
28	Future Directions of Statistical Software with the SAS System	David M. DeLong		proc step, logistic distribution, regression analysis, proc logistic, proc genmod, proc mixed, proc univariate, covariance, likelihood function, predictor variable, maximum likelihood estimation, estimate, logistic regression, sample, proc phreg, proc calis, proc glm, class variable, proc reg	source	20
29	How to Develop Applications more Effectively with SAS/AF Software and SCL	Lennart Larsson		line chart, macro variable	source	10
30	How to use PROC CATMOD in Estimation Problems	Franz Woltering, Olaf Gefellar	The paper describes a new application of the statistical analysis procedure `PROC CATMOD`. It demonstrates how `PROC CATMOD` can be easily adapted to estimation problems in contingency tables. In particular, it is shown how estimators of measures of association and their asymptotic variances can be calculated using `PROC CATMOD`. The practical application of this approach is illustrated for the kappa-coefficient. Real data of the German Forest Decline Survey are provided in the practical example. Keywords: GSK-model, kappa-coefficient, measures of association, variance calculation	proc freq, proc step	source	7
31	Implementation of the SAS System in the Danish Fur Breeders Association	Ejner Børsting, Jesper Clausen		data wrangling, proc step, data science	source	4
32	Inferences Control in Data Bases	A. Bekhechi	Inferences are of major concern for database managers, particularly in statistical data bases. This problem became apparent when it was discovered that a number of requests on a given set of data could lead to the determination of otherwise hid den data. The search for methods to protect databases from inferences led first to "tracker" type methods (or restrictive methods), and then to data perturbation methods. The intensive use of multidimensional statistical methods on databases (linear regre ssion, principal components analysis) has resulted in another important source of inferences that are difficult to detect in data bases. The objective of this paper is to present a solution for protecting data bases against inferences using data analysis methods, specifically discriminant analysis. The solution is based on the discriminanting power of each attribute in the protected data base. Keywords Analysis. Databases, Confidentiality, 612 Security, Data Flow, Statistical	discriminant analysis, standard deviation, numeric variable, nominal variable, data science, proc princomp	source	8
33	Inside the SQL Procedure's Query Optimiser	Juliano Ginevro	ThIs paper describes the methods and strategies that the Sal procedure conliders before evaluating queries. Also discussed are enh~enIB made to tile qlHlfY optimiser mce Release 6.06 of the SAS System	proc step, where statement, correlation, proc sql	source	5
34	Interactive Debugging in the SAS System	Mark Schaffer	In Release 6.07 of base SAS software for non-UNIX platforms, a full-saeen source level debugger will be supplied for the `DATA STEP` on an experimental basis. This paper is an introductory discussion of the debugger"s capabilities	infile statement, put statement, macro facility, sas log	source	5
35	Interpretation-Driven Analysis Using SAS/LAB Software	Randall D. Tobias	A researcher has his data in hand-the results of a small study, perhaps, or the operating characteristics of a plant for the past week-and now his task is to turn that data into results. He knows he needs access to statistical methods to make his conclusions valid; but which methods, and how are they to be interpreted? He needs more than just statistics; he needs a statistical advisor. `SAS/LAB` software provides a full-screen system for data'analysis designed to meet the needs of such a researcher, as well as those of the statistician/data analyst who supports him. `SAS/LAB` software gives you quick access to numerical and graphical summarizations of your data and guidance in choosing the statistical methods which address the specific questions you want to answer. The powerful linear modelling facilities available in `SAS/STAT` software are employed, with an easy-to-understand, graphical front-end	anova, data science	source	7
36	Introducing SAS/ASSIST like IC1	Jean-Louis Dubois	As an introduct,ton, we would like to present the reasons who led us to write this application. Then, we will see some p~nels of "`SAS/ASSIST` like IC/1", and the `SAS/BASE` code generated. To follow on, we will study the `SAS/AF` and `SAS/SCL` code used for this application, and the structure of ASSIST programs, that we used here. To finish, it will be possible to get conclusions, and make propositions	proc step, where statement, proc print, sample, proc sql	source	11
37	Is EIS Easy?	Jim Thomason	This paper provides details of a SAS based EIS prototype developed for a large organisation based in Northern Europe. The effective management of a company demands that decisions be made by managers who have access to relevant and accurate information. An Executive Information System is the name for a type of system designed to address . these users	raw data, time series analysis	source	5
38	KBDS - A Knowledge Based Concept for User-friendly Selection of Data in Decision Support Systems	Soeren Selmar		proc sql, dataset, structured data	source	12
39	Kinetic Modelling with SAS Software	Henk Cuppers	Modelling of chemical or physical processes generally leads to a set of differential equations. Analytical solution of such sets is hardly ever possible, therefore we have to resort to time consuming numerical procedures. There are many integration algorithms, from the simple Euler method ~ more sophisticated ones like Runge Kutta. These methods, however, are not available in SAS~. The author has written a number of integr~tion routines as macro's that can be used for both simulation and piU'ameter estimation purposes (the latter using the NUN procedure). Applications will be shown in the field of chemical reaction kinetics and acoustic cavitation dynamics	proc freq, proc step	source	12
40	Managing Complexity in Large SAS System Applications	John Niss Hansen		sas library, dataset, data dictionary	source	8
41	Mapping Capabilities of the SAS System Version 6	Karin Essman		proc step, proc gmap	source	3
42	Method of Exact Samples for Testing Statistical Packages	Ene-Margit Tiit, M. Viil, S. Koskel		sample, correlation, sample size, regression analysis	source	5
43	Modelling the Development of a Professional Group in a Macroeconomic Environment - Exampole of Doctors in Austria	Ulrike Radosch		health insurance, raw data	source	11
44	New Publications for SAS Software	Mimi Saffer	A new library architecture for SAS· documentation was introduced with Release 6.06 giving you a variety of primary documentation tools to suit different needs and experience levels. And SAS Institute continues to expand that library. In the past year, we've published new books for specialized topics, cross-product applications, and instructional uses, bringing you additional tools to help you accomplish tasks quickly and efficiently. Upcoming offerings include new how-to books focusing on applications areas, online information products, and a technical journal, among others. User involvement has been critical to the successful implementation of the new architecture and specialty publications, and we continue to explore ways of working with users to provide the best in software documentation	sas base, sas consultant	source	4
45	New SAS/QC Tools for Quality Improvement	Reinhold Koch	ur~phic~l methods h~ve pl~yed ~ key role in st~tistial qu~lity improvement ~pplic~tions beginning with the introduction of the control ch~rt by W~lter ShewhMt in 1924. In J~p~nese industry, gr~phical displays are used by workers and engineers to analyze data and present the results of their problem-Solving activities. The most basic of these tools are the Ishikawa diagram which displays the factors contributing to a quality chMacteristic or problem, and the Pareto chart which displays the relative frequency of quality-related problems. These methods can be made even more effective through the application of computer graphics, as demonstrated by new software tools that provide an interactive graphics environment for creating Ishikawa diagrams and a	relative frequency, proc freq, quality control	source	10
46	One Year's Experience with the SAS System in the Hungarian Central Statistical Office	Eva Papp, Zsuzsanna Keki		sample, sas base	source	4
47	Operations Enterprise Model	Neil H. Howard, Richard W. La Valley		quality of service, account	source	9
48	Optimising Performance of the SAS System Under OS/2	Craig Dury	This paper discusses issues involVed in optimizing the performance of the SAS' System under 0S/~ Specifically, performance options for OS/2, SAS software, ·and hardware are discussed	proc step, proc sort, numeric variable, proc genmod	source	5
49	OS/2 and Windows Comparison	Mark W. Cates	Mark W. Cates SAS Institute Inc. As we enter into the 1990s, two operating systems are available to enhance productivity for cEersonalcomput ers and provide a future platform for PC software users. The two environments, OS/2 * version 1.3 and Microsoft Windows 3.0 provide fundamentally the same user interface and similar features, but the underly ing operating systems are radically different. Today, corporations large and small are deciding which operat ing system should be used in their organizations and for which applications. The platform for more powerful and mission critical applications is clearly OS/2. However, with the introduction and overwhelming accep tance of Windows 3.0, supporting DOS compatibility, a graphical user interface compatible with Presentation Manager, and access to extended and virtual memory, a large memory alternative to OS/2 is available. This paper discusses these two environments with respect to the SAS System		source	9
50	Performance and Tuning of Release 6.06 of the SAS System under CMS	Robert Owen	In this paper I will address installation information, system options definitions and uses of the various methods available to optimize performance of the SAS System in the CMS environment. I will discuss three major areas relative to the performance and tuning of the SAS System. Thefrrst area r address will be installation of the product. This topic is germane, for if the product is not installed correctly and with thought, then no amount of tuning will aid performance. The second area I cover will be bptions settings, with emphasis on those settings most applicable to. tuning. Finally, I will discuss how to enhance performance through installation opportuniffes and options settings. 663	error message, note	source	13
51	Pharmacokinetic Analysis with the SAS System	Martin F. Michael	Although the SASe Applications System has been used in pharmacokinetic analysis, our most familiar users have been statisticians and programmers. This paper discusses f~atures of a new SAS software product designed to meet the needs of pharmacokinetisists, statisticians and other clinical researchers that must evaluate pharmacokinetic data A new product currently. under development at SAS Insitute, `SAS/PH`-Kinetics1M software, enables you to perform pharmacokinetic analysis on plasma or urinary data in an interactive fashion. Model independent and model dependent analysis can be performed on the same data, and you have the ability to select or deselect data points and comment on data points. `SAS/PH`-Kinetics provides extensive use of graphics to enhance pharmacokinetic analysis; the product provides simultaneous display of data and graphs	regression analysis, power analysis	source	10
52	Printing your Output in a Nicely Formatted Way - The SAS System Page and all the other Pages you have to Consider	Anders Skollermo	This poster explains the relationship between the SAS Page, the SAS Text Body, the SAS Form Page, the. Printer Page etc. and all, the options that influence the printed output. Finally the poster explains how you in p;ractice proceed to define a form for your printer, " to make the. best possible use of the printers capabili tie~. The problem: If your printout does not look like the image on your screen (e.g. lines are chopped off and/or lines ar.e spi+led over to another page) the reasons may be one or more of the following: - The SAS Page does not fit into the SAg Text Body. - The SAS Form Page does not fit into the Printer Page. - The Printer Page does not fit into the Paper Page. (This is nota SAS problem). The SAS Page: The text produced by the SAS System, as output from procedures or as the result of PUT-statements and FILE PRINT in theDATA~step, is sent to the OUTPUT-window in the Display Manager System	proc step, proc freq	source	5
53	Probability Density Distribution of Airborne Pollen Grains	Danilo Manco, P. Mandrioli, S. Corsi, T. Tirabassi		weibull distribution, significance level, proc step, sample, proc transpose	source	12
54	Putting PROC REPORT into Practice	Steve Morton		proc step, proc report, proc freq, proc print, proc tabulate, data step	source	11
55	Rhythm Pattern Analysis - A Simplified Approach	Neil Atkins		moving average, proc freq	source	7
56	Running Release 6.04 of the SAS System in a Multitasking Environment MS Windows 3.0 on a 386/486 PC	Panteleo Nacci	While some of the restrictions which differentiated the PC version of the SAS System from those running on more powerful platforms have been overcome during the last years, one is still up and standing: the impossibility to do anything else while the SAS system (or some other program) is running. But now this is possible using Microsoft Windows 3.0, the latest version of this ope rating environment		source	6
57	SAS System - Version 6.06: Experiences with Large Datasets and the New Multivolume- and Index-Features	Gerd W. Krohm		proc sql, proc step	source	12
58	SAS System on PC, Workstation or Mainframe A choice or...	Ralph Eriksen		dataset, proc tabulate	source	5
59	SAS/ACCESS Interface to DB2 Version 6 Advantages and Current Inconveniences	Bernard Gerardin, C. Planchard, J. L. Blanchard		dataset, proc sql, proc step	source	9
60	SAS/ACCESS Software Enhancements for Release 6.07	Peter Waschk		where statement, format statement, variable, dataset, proc step, proc sql	source	10
61	SAS/ACCESS Software to DB2 for Decision Support in a Large Industrial Organization (Conversion, Experiences, Requirements)	P.J. M. van Kleef	Hoogovens IJmuiden are an integrated steel company, in which very modern steel technology is coupled to a high degree of automation. Decision Support is very strategic. The base architecture has been formed by DB2 of IBM for the storage of the data and by the software of SAS Institute for the exploitation of the. data. Hoogovens IJmuiden is using the combined power of IBM' DB2 and SAS. It is used bya large community of business professionals. The presentation gives an overview of the experiences in this area and explores the enhancements and requirements, which are put forwared to SAS Institute. Hoogovens Organisation Hoogovens ·Groep is an internationally oriented company with a revenue of 4 billion dollars. 28,000 employees are working for companies in many European countries and in the United States. This private company is one of the most modern European producers of high quality steel and aluminium	key, missing value, proc step	source	6
62	SAS/CPE Software for VMS	Chris Starke	System pelformance problems are often difficult to track and diagnose. This paper uses a case history approach to selVe as an exa~1e of the' use Release 2.0 of SASlCPE software to diagnOse some specific real world pelformance problems' in a VMSTM ~vironment. The iterative nature of tuning adjustments is discussed alOng with examples of how SASlCPE 'Software can b8 used to indicate the effectiveness of tuning adjustments	cpu time, raw data	source	10
63	SAS/IML Modules for Kernel Estimation of the Hazard Function from Censored Data	Olaf Gefellar	The kernel met.hod employing nearest neighbour distances as bandwidths for the nonparametric estimation of the hazard function from censored data is delineated in this paper. One particular problem in this context consists of the definition of nearest neighbour distances in the case of censored data. Different approaches are reviewed and a new method incorporating the full information of the censored observations into the calculation of the nearest neighbour distances is proposed. The implementation of the resulting nearest neighbour kernel estimators has taken place using the SAS /IML matrix language. Due to its. flexible programming features and its matrix orientation the programs could be implemented efficiently. In the paper the SAS /IML modules for the estiination' of the hazard function from censored data are provided in detail. Keywords: censored data, hazard function, kernel method, nearest neighbour distance	hazard function, censoring, cumulative hazard, probability distribution	source	7
64	SASAF Software Application Development Techniques: Experiences	Paul Spoormans, Wiel Maessen		proc step, error message	source	12
65	Simulation Methods Based on the SAS System	Karin Schlauss, Paul Muller	Theory: In this paper we investigate the test statistics of Stein estimates as a non-linear alternative to the OLS· estimator in linear models. This is due because some statistical and numerical problems arise using OLS if the model assumptions are not fulfilled or we have some correlations between the explanatory variables. , T() avoid the above problems we look at the class of impr6ved estimation functions. But these estimators are in general biased and the distribution depends on the unknown parameters. Therefore test statistics aie not directly available. ! One alternative to calculate the relevant test statistics of ' improved estimation functions especially of the Stein-estimator is the use of computer-based simulation methods in order to approximates the empirical distribution of the estimation function. Here we use the Jackknife (Tukey [13]) and Bootstrap simulation method (Bfron [3]) to derive empirical confidence inter vals for the Stein estimation function in a linear model	bootstrap, response variable, sample, standard deviation, predictor variable, proc step, regression analysis	source	12
66	Some New Features in the DATA STEP	Sarah Bell		modify statement, dataset, output, proc step, by group processing, composite key, master data management, select, set statement, leave, sysrc, do loop, macro facility, rename statement, update statement, sample, automatic variable, continue, key=, proc print, proc sort	source	7
67	SQL and SAS/ACCESS Differences and Interrelationships	Mouloud Dey	The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the features of the Sal procedure and `SAS/ACCESS` software in order to clari fy some common misconceptions about how each Interacts with the SAS System and with thlrdarty databaSe systems, such as D82,ORACLE, and SOL/OS * In addition, methods of using these procedures together to perform unique and powerful applica tions are presented. Topics discussed Include an in depth compari son of `PROC ACCESS` view descriptors with `PROC` SOL views, how each procedure interfaces with other databases, and how these two procedures can be used together to create data structures that si multaneously join data from several databases and SAS data sets. The DBlOAO procedure which is often included with `SAS/ACCESS` software, is highlighted as a means of moving data between databases and the SAS System	proc step, dataset, proc sql, create table, create view, sas library, select, proc print, sas function, sas batch, view	source	7
68	Standards: An Application to Manage Large Post Marketing Surveillance Studies	C. E. Potter, M. R. Thomson	A typical large Post Marketing Surveillance Study may comprise 5000-15000 patients treated by up to 5000 physicians. The management of such a large study poses many problems. Some of the most important of these problems are: i) keeping doctors/patients to schedule ii) paying doctors for appropriate work carried out iii) status of trial - by visit or overall . TClmanage studi~s of th.is sort only by a paper based system can be very time consuming and prone to errors. An entirely remote entry system on the other hand based in physician's offices can lack central control and validation compared to studies with paper based records. An application recently developed by MCRC called STANDERDS(*) will manage paper based records using simple barcoded documentation. The application enables the study coordinator to track every piece of documentation or indeed specific information	proc step, proc tabulate	source	9
69	STARS: Statistical and Reporting System for Clinical Research Data	A. Longoni, G. Marcon, M. Sanarico, R. Ferrara		data science, clinical research, clinical trial, proc glm, clinical data, regression analysis	source	7
70	Statistical Evaluation and Forecasting of Steel Corrosion Data	Bernhard Kienzler, Emanuel Smailos, Rainer Koester	In the Federal Republic of Germany it is planned to dispose of the heat-generating radioactive waste in a rock salt formation. Steel containers or overpacks will be a part of the engineered barrier system protecting the human environment from an exposure by radionuclides. To evaluate the long-term performance of the contain er materials, time-dependent corrosion tests were performed covering parameters such as temperature, compo sition of the corroding brines and the brine volume to specimen surface ratio. The influence of the different pa rameters on the thickness reduction of the steel was determined. The SAS procedures applied were REG for lin ear fits and NUN for non-linear tests using the corrosion time as regressor variable. The graphical output was pro duced by means ofthe `GPLOT` procedure. A long-term forecasting of the corrosion behavior requires unchanged corrosion conditions. In this case the procedure FORECAST (METHOD = STEPAR) could be applied	regression analysis, confidence interval, proc step, time series analysis, proc reg, proc forecast, response variable, correlation, predictor variable, estimate, data science, proc freq, proc gplot	source	11
71	Statistical Procedures in Testing the Performance of Crop Growth Simulation Models	Ferenc Zemankovics, Zsuzsanna Bacsi		predictor variable, regression analysis, data cleaning, significance level, anova, proc reg	source	15
72	Structuring SAS Datasets for Use with SQL	Lasse Mussaka		key, relational database, proc sql	source	4
73	Support for X-Windows, OSF/MOTIF and OpenLook in Release 6.07	Isolde Schell-Haungs, Peter Herbertz			source	3
74	Table Producing System - TAPS	Guy R. Garrett, Richard W. Sommerville		proc step, proc tabulate	source	9
75	The Marketing Information System for RAS Group Insurance Companies	Max R. Borsetti	The purpose of this paper is to present the information system developed in order to support marketing activities of RAS (Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta) Group insurance companies. After a brief description of the environment and the basic structure of the system the main functions are shown through the real interactive application developed and implemented by means of SAS software (release 6.06) and mM DB2 relational databases. The procedural flow is typical for insurance companies, but the same logic can be easily adapted to every type of commercial or industrial business. In fact the main subjects taken into account are: anagraphic information about the sales structure, territory management, national market information, sales potentials, performances monitoring, incentives, agency profitability, loss ratio, etc	insurer, dataset	source	15
76	The Role of The Andrew's Curves in Correspondence Analysis	Joze Rovan	In correspondence analysis. rows and columns of a nonnegative data matrix (e. g.. two-way contingency table) are displayed as points in multidimensional space. The coordinates of I these points are the values of generalized principal components (GPC) determined by the data matrix. The graphical representation can lead to new insights of the explored phenomena (e.g . Benzecri. Greenacre. Lebart. Morineau). In the standard graphical approach. profiles. e.g . vectors of relative frequencies of: rows and columns of a data matrix. are represented as points in a two-dimensional scatter plot. The position of points is determined by ihe values of the first two GPC. When· the pro portion of the variation of the first two GPC in total variation is relatively low. the po sition of profiles is poorly represented by its projections in a two-dimensional subspace. presented by the scatterplot. This can. of course. be at least partly misleading when making !	proc corresp, proc freq, proc princomp	source	15
77	The SAS System - Meeting Boeing's Quality Challenge	Patrick Durkin		sample, sas base	source	8
78	The SAS System as a DMBS Query/Report System Across Multiple Platforms	Wilfried Schollenberger	In every organisation there is a large quantity of data that need to be turned into various forms of information. This data is not always on the same machine. A good strategy for solving this common problem is to use a menued information delivery system to package the various data to information tasks users might have. This paper will show a prototype application that attempts to solve this problem for a large IBM environment involving PCs, mainframe and databases. The technique used can be applied to other harware and DBMS configurations	macro variable, where statement, proc step, class variable, proc means, numeric variable	source	8
79	The SAS System as an Information Delivery System	Udo Mattern			source	3
80	The Value of Missings	Aad J. van Strien		missing value, proc step, input statement, proc format	source	6
81	Tuning Considerations for Version 6 of the SAS System on MVS	Isolde Schell-Haungs	Performance and resource utilization of Version 6 of the SAS System can be affected by the use of tuning parameters. The impact and tradeoffs of various strategies will be examined with respect to small, medium and large jobs. The paper also discusses performance and resource consumption aspects of SAS application design and programming. This paper is based on two SUGI 16 papers, read in NEW Orleans at the 16th Annual Conference, February 17-20, 1991: Amitava Gosh and Leigh A.Ihnen, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC: Performance Tuning for Release 6.06 of the SAS System under MVS Daniel J.Squillace, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC: Tuning Your SAS Application under MVS		source	9
82	Use of Escape Sequences in Computer Generated Tables under VMS for Inclusion in SAS System Programs	Elizabeth S. Yake	In Biostatistical analysis the use of Computer Generated tables (CGT's) enhances the presentation of data and subsequent report production. Consequently the development of universal 'table shells' for conversion to and inclusion in the SASe software environment benefits from standardization. Under DOS, tables shell may be designed using WordPerfect v5.0/5. 1. These can be incorporated directly into SAS programs/datasets. Under VAX/VMS v5.2 the standard be used to create the table shells. SEQUENCES "ESC> ( *** ) to invoke character sets. editors (EDT,EVE) may These contain ESCAPE the VAX alternative A simple infile program converts the VMS shell to SAS dataset format. This can then be placed and filled as required via PUT, DATA `_NULL_` and FILE PRINT statements. It is possible to produce, grids, simple graphics etc., within the editing environment, all convert to SAS datasets as required	dataset, proc format, proc step	source	20
83	Using the SAS System as an Executive Information System	Claudia Cavedon	This paper gives a general overview of the concepts of Ers and how the SAS System can address them	quality control, flat file	source	5
84	Using the SAS System in a Distributed PC to VMS Environment	Thomas J. R. Emmerich	More and more, companies are faced with the proliferation of personal computer worksta'tions to meet' their computing needs. Even ,though these workstations provide a nice environment to the end· user, they also can ,have p'roblems, specifically, resource limitations -in the amount of CPU power, memory, I/O capacity, and disk space. Also, ,much of the data required by end U5ers often resides in centralized databases. These data are impractical for storage on a personal computer due to the amou'nt of" data and the need to share the 'data among many people. What would make this environment more 'appealing to both the end user and the systems administrator? The ability to share data between different systems in the company computer network maximiz'es efficient. use of storage. The ability to develop applications that execute using the most appropriate reSOUrces of- the network allows the application developer to make the most intelligent decisions about how to use the available resources	data statement, data step, libname statement, proc step	source	6
85	Utilizing 90's Technology Applied to the Management of Systems	Allan Russell			source	7
86	Why SAS Software for OPCS	Richard Somerville	WHY SAS SOFTWARE FOR opes ? by Richard Somerville	data science, proc step	source	5

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