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BUGSSUGI 1995 Papers - Index
240 papers. Source: SAS Users Group International conference proceedings.
| # | Title× | Authors× | Abstract× | Keywords× | Extras | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Dot Maps" Made Simple | Robert E. Allison, Moon Suh |
This paper describes a simple method to create dot maps with SAS/GRAPH software. The data values are represented as dots, with the area of the dots scaled proportionally to the data values. The code was developed at North Carolina State University College of Textiles to visualize data in the Textile and Apparel Business Information System |
create table, proc gmap, proc step | source | 6 |
| 2 | 50 Ways to Bolster Your SAS Users Group | Sally A. Roberson | The number of SAS users groups in the United States and canada has grown from 70 to 280 in the last five years. If you are interested in organizing a group in your area, or you are looking for some new ideas for an existing group, this presenta tion is for youl Get advice and recommendations from users who have been involved in successful SAS users groups. Hear new ideas on programs, membership drives, finances, leadership, and more. The discussion will include local, in-house, and special-interest SAS users groups. The presentation will include a panel of experts from the user community | source | 3 | |
| 3 | A Birdseye View of the Market: A Method of Organizing, Combining and Dissecting Your Data for Market Analysis | C. Olivia Parr Rud | Direct marketing has moved from a product driven, mass market approach to a market driven, custom product | if-then-else, loss ratio, sample, proc step | source | 8 |
| 4 | A Comparative Evaluation of Selected Statistical Software for Computing Various Categorical Analyses | Nancy McDermott, Cynthia White |
logistic distribution, logistic regression, regression analysis, poisson distribution, proc step, binary variable, nominal variable, predictor variable, confidence interval, response variable, odds ratio, estimate, proc genmod, binomial distribution, proc logistic, proc freq, interaction effect | source | 6 | |
| 5 | A Comparison of the MODULE Routines with S-PLUS Extensibility | Richard D. Langston | This paper compares an extensibility feature of S-PLUS with the capabilities of the MODULE routines supplied with Release 6.10 of the SAS System | missing value, character variable | source | 4 |
| 6 | A Macro to Output the Statistics from the TTEST Procedure to a SAS Data Set | Erik S. Larsen, Daniel DiPrimeo |
The SAS System provides the statistician with a useful tool in determining if there is a difference between two population means. The procedure, PROC TTEST, can perform the comparison with or without the assumption of equal variances or equal sample sizes. A drawback of PROC TTEST is that you can output the statistics only to hard copy and not to a SAS data set. Often, it may be necessary for the statistician to output these values in a form other than that which SAS provides. The macro TTEST will output the statistics computed by PROC TTEST to a SAS data set. There are other statistics used in computations which are output as well, such as tests for equal variances with different sample sizes and p-values. The macro also has the capability to process the t-test by classification variables |
proc step, proc ttest, sample, sample size, dataset | source | 4 |
| 7 | A New Approach to Outer Joins with More than Two Tables | Howard Levine | When using SQL to join tables together when all of the rows from all of the tables do not match up to at least one row in every other table, you must use outer joins. This situation is rather common; an insurance policyholder with no claims records, a potential customer who has not yet placed an order, and an employee who has not yet had an evaluation are all examples of outer join situations. Currently, when doing outer joins of more than two tables, it is necessary to first join two tables together and then join the result with another table. This process continues until all tables are joined. In comparison to the code for an inner join using the same tables, the code for an outer join is extremely complicated. Also, changing the order of the joining process can affect the rows of an outer join, but will not affect the rows of an inner jOin. The algorithm that will be presented avoids the problems of standard outer joins | proc print, data merging, proc step, proc sql, inner join, create table, ansi sql, proc sort, data integrity, dataset, full join | source | 10 |
| 8 | A Primer on Poisson Regression using SAS/STAT Software Methods and Interpretation of Results | Richard McNally | Poisson regression is an analysis technique primarily for modeling polychotomous count data. The data can be thought of as being generated by independent Poisson processes. A simple method of transforming the data so that it can be fit to a log-linear model using the LOGISTIC procedure is presented. The estimates derived from these models are Maximum Ukelihood Estimates. The interpretation of these estimates is discussed via an example. There is also brief explanation of why this method works. There is also a brief description of the GENMOD procedure, a new procedure that fits generalized linear models, of which Poisson regression is a class. Ke}"NOrds: Poisson regression, generalized linear models, PROC |
poisson distribution, logistic distribution, regression analysis, poisson regression, logistic regression, odds ratio, estimate, proc step, proc logistic, proc genmod, data step, likelihood function, maximum likelihood estimation, anova | source | 4 |
| 9 | A SAS Macro for Estimating Power for ROC Curves: One-Sample and Two-Sample Cases | Richard Zepp | A SAS Macro for estimating the power of statistical tests involving the area under ROC curves is presented. The maao handles single reader ROC curve testing scenarios, including comparison 01 two areas estimated from either paired or unpaired data and comparison of a single area to a null value. The maao considers both continuous and discrete confidence scales and anaNS both one and two-tailed hypothesis tests | roc curve, sample, correlation, sample size, auc, diagnostic accuracy | source | 3 |
| 10 | A SAS Macro for Evaluation of Survival Time Data Involving Treatment Conversion Using the Mantel-Byar Method | Eric T. Sun, Ching-Chang Hwang |
The Mantel-Byar method has been used to compare survival data for different groups in certain situations in which the group membership of an individual can be varied during a study. A modified life table, which is often difficult to program, is constructed to reflect such changes in an individual's status. The associated measures of relative risk and statistical significance of the group comparison, which are not provided by SAS/STAT" software, can then be easily calculated based on the modified life table. The code was written for use with SAS software version 6.07 in VM/CM~ to construct the table and perform the associated analysis |
life table, relative risk, degrees of freedom, clinical trial, proc means | source | 6 |
| 11 | A SAS Macro for the Assessment of Variability in Bioequivalence Trials | Emmanuel Mohandoss, Shein-Chung Chow |
In bioavailabilitylbioequivalence studies, the standard 2X2 crossover design is often used to assess bioequivalence between a test and a reference formulations. For the assessment of bioequivalence, although the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only requires evidence ofbioeqnivalence in average bioavailability (FDA, 1992), the assessment of equivalence in variability ofbioavailability has received a tremendous attention (see e.g., Liu, 1991; Liu and Chow, 1992). The Pitman-Morgan's adj~ F test (pitman, 1939; Morgan, 1939) is the most commonly used statiatical test to examine the equality of intra-subject variabilities between the test and reference formulations. However, the demonstration of the equality does not imply that the formulations are equivalent in intra-subject variability. Liu and Chow (1992) proposed a procedure, which they referred to as Pitman-Morgan's two one sided tests procedure, by testing interval hypotheses to assess bioequivalence in variability | f-test, macro definition, macro call, correlation, sas output | source | 5 |
| 12 | A Workstation Risk Information Tool Using Release 6.08 of the SAS System under Windows | Beth Bednarek | This application is part of a Risk Manager Workstation which provides various views of claim data through components initiated from the desktop. It reads files that have been downloaded from the existing mainframe system and provides the user the abimy to: -Subset the data that has been downloaded -View the detail information from the claim record -Run standard reports using the selected data -Create Ad Hoc reports using the selected data -Create graphical charts of the top causes of loss -Graphically drill down through their organization levels to the claim level based on cause of loss codes This paper will discuss the purpose and function of this tool and some of the underlying design direction. Business Purpose of Application Many larger businesses have a need to do risk management functions which requires access to claim data and the capability to answer questions on an ad hoc basis | where statement, record count | source | 4 |
| 13 | Accessing Data Faster Than a SAS Index | Daniel Dower | Subsets of a large SAS data set can quickly be accessed through the use of a SAS index. However, other programming techniques can be applied at certain times to obtain greater efficiency than SAS indexes when accessing subsets of large data sets. An alternative to SAS indexes is zoned-index pointer data sets. Depending on the type and amount of data being accessed, the zoned-index pointer data sets allow subsets of large data sets to be extracted faster than it would take with a SAS index. Usually substantial savings in computer resources are also realized. This paper focuses on the concept of a zoned-index pointer data set. Code will be given showing how to create and use this method of accessing large data sets. The advantages and disadvantages of the zoned-index pointer data set method will also be presented | index, dataset, master data management, macro variable, obs, where statement | source | 4 |
| 14 | Accessing Large Databases on an AS/400 with the SAS System under OS/2 Using SAS/ACCESS Software and Experimental Procedure AS400: Hardware Insights | Charles Weyhenmeyer, Richard Schomburg |
This paper represents IBM'" Mechanicsburg lnfonnation Technology group's efforts in benchmarking a SAS·· running under 0$2- environment interfacing with large database tables (80 rng or above) on an AS/400* platfonn acting as a super setver. Two coding methodologies were tested over a period of months on a variety of ASl400 configurations and platfonns: these tasks culminated on the final benchmark on tbe AS/400 Client Series macwne employing SAS! ACCESS· with an interface to the ASl400 and an experimental procedure PROC AS/400 as supplied by SAS Europe. Significant findings aftbis study were apparent in both hardware and software domains. Hardware benchmarks indicated that the optimum configuration would have SAS! running under 052 on a 486 PC with 66 MHZ or bigher interfacing with a Client/Series AS/400. Software benchmarks provided run time comparisons ofSAS! ACCESS with an interface to tbe ASl400 and experimental procedure PROC AS400 |
proc sql, proc step | source | 7 |
| 15 | Accessing Your Databases with the SAS System | C. Michael Whitney | This paper will discuss SAS 6.07's improvements to ACCESS and Sal and how they eliminate the need to manually create access and view descriptors in order to retrieve from and update DB2 databases. Techniques described can be applied to other relational databases. Several of SAS Sal's other features will also be covered, including Sal and macro variables, summary functions, the case expression, and multi-table seleds | proc sql, macro variable, proc step, create table, macro put, variable, relational database | source | 6 |
| 16 | Adding Value to SAS Data with SGML | John Barnum, Craig Sampson |
This paper contains three parts. The first part, 'An Introduction to SGML~, provides an overview of SGML concepts. The second part, 'SAS and SGML n , describes some of the techniques that we have developed to convert SAS output to SGML. The third part, 'A DTD for SAS Output', proposes a common oro for SAS output which could be used to convert SAS output to SGML or other proprietary formats | sas output, sample | source | 10 |
| 17 | Adjusted F-Tests for Repeated Measures with the MIXED Procedure | S. Paul Wright | covariance, f-test, proc mixed, proc genmod, restricted maximum likelihood, repeated measures, missing value, sample, degrees of freedom, repeated measures anova | source | 6 | |
| 18 | Advanced Features of PROC REPORT | Kim L. Kolbe Ritzow | PROC REPORT is a powerful new Base SAS' PROC which combines the functionality of other BASE SAS PROCs such as PRINT, MEANS, FREQ, and TABULATE into a single PROC STEP. This paper is designed for users with existing knowledge of PROC REPORT's more basic report writing features and who are interested in learning additional techniques to generate more sophisticated reports. This paper will focus on customized breaklines, grouped or stacked column headings, and advanced tricks for improving the appearance of reports. GROUPing Data in PROC REPORT Data can be aggregated or grouped in PROC REPORT by defining the variable as a GROUP variable on the DEFINE statement. Also within PROC REPORT we have the ability to control the appearance of the report through the use of options on the PROC and DEFINE statements, such as HEADLINE, HEADSKIP FORMAT ~ WIDTH~, ORDER~, in addition t~ many othe; available options |
proc step, proc report, proc format, character variable, sas base, date variable | source | 10 |
| 19 | An Integrated System for Graphical Data Review | Scott Scheleur, Julia L. Bienias, David Stachurski, David Lassman |
regression analysis, data review | source | 6 | |
| 20 | An Interactive Program of the GEE Method for the Analysis of Longitudinal Data | Masakazu Andoh, Tohru Uwoi |
The generalized estimating equations method (GEE) proposed by Liang and Zeger (1986) is a potential tool of modeling the relationship of an outcome variable with independent variables, incorporating a correlation structure among responses without strict distribution assumptions. In this paper, an interactive program by SASIIML and SASIMACRO" is presented. In this program you can add or eliminate the independent variables interactively on the screen. Moreover it is possible to change the correlation structure during analysis. The parameter estimation is performed by one step iteration to get approximate | correlation, feature selection, predictor variable, proc calis, generalized estimating equations, logistic distribution, regression analysis, dataset | source | 6 |
| 21 | An Introduction to JMP Software, Release 3.1, SAS Institute's Statistical Visualization Software for Both Macintosh and Windows | William R. Gjertsen | regression analysis, correlation, dataset, histogram, outlier, proc princomp, anova, likelihood function | source | 7 | |
| 22 | An Introduction to Partial Least Squares Regression | Randall D. Tobias | Partial least squares is a popular method for Soft modelling in industrial applications. This paper intro duces the basic concepts and illustrates them with a chemometric example. An appendix describes the experimental PLS procedure of SAS/STAT software |
regression analysis, data cleaning, proc step, sample, latent variable, proc princomp, ridge regression, proc freq | source | 8 |
| 23 | An Introduction to PROC FSEDIT and FSVIEW | Marge Scerbo, Alan C. Wilson |
PRoe FSEDIT and FSVIEW are procedures in SAS/FSP software which allow for interactive, real time maintenance and modification of SAS data sets on a record level. This workshop will allow attendees to perform simple modifications of a SAS data set, including addition, update and deletion of observations. Manipulation of the default edit screen with display screen modification and use of field attributes and general screen parameters will be performed to develop application-specific screens. While screen control language (SeL) provides additional power to application development, this portion of FSEDIT will not be covered |
proc step, where statement, dataset, character variable, numeric variable, libname statement | source | 7 |
| 24 | An Introduction to the Power of PROC FSEDIT | Michael S. Lajiness | PRoe FSEDIT is a powerful and versatile data editing tool available in SASlFSP software. This interactive procedure can be used to creale new datasets, faciitate data entry, allow modification of existing entries, and retrieve data based on ad hoc queries. This tutorial will provide an introduction to this procedure and will cover the following topics. The PROC FSEDIT statement and selected options; CustomiZing screen appearance to facilitate accurate data editing; Assigning special attributes to data entry fields ; Modification 01 general parameters to customize the FSEDIT environment; Searching for data in a SAS dataset using FSEOIT commands; Using simple Sel statements to create pop up windows to aid data entry; Many examples will be shown illustrating the indicated topics and the ease with whk:h you can gain access to the power of PROe |
proc step, numeric variable, where statement, character variable | source | 6 |
| 25 | An OS/2 Help File for SAS | Tracy L. Lord | This paper describes a documentation | sas programmer, dataset | source | 3 |
| 26 | Analytic Modeling in SAS/INSIGHT Software | Heman Robinson | Analytic modeling software has evolved from batch-oriented systems to graphical, exploratory systems with friendly user interfaces. SASflNSIGHT software provides a dynamic environment for exploratory data analysis and model building. This paper describes capabilities of SASflNSIGHT software, including exploratory graphics, distribution analysis, and the generalized linear model | scatter plot, regression analysis, logistic regression, sas output, histogram, logistic distribution, proc genmod, covariance | source | 6 |
| 27 | Approaches to the Nonparametric Tests for Samples Location Comparison in SAS Software | C. J. Tian, S. Shiue |
The p-vatues of the nonparametric tests for multiple samples Jocation comparison can be obtained by using one of the three procedures: NPAR1WAY, FREO. or IML in SAS·. It is observed that the results from these approaches are different. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the differences of the three approaches. Moreover, the comparison of the three S~ approaches with the slatistical software StatXacf is also included. I. Statistical Background As one of the basic statistical techniques, the non parametric testing methods of multiple samples location comparison are often used in the applied fields. Especially in the pharmaceutical industries. \he technique is widely used to perfonn analys!s on ranked data. These tests, such as the Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, median test, are frequently appeared in the statistical reports of clinical trials for comparison among treatment groups. let ~. i=1.2 ... nJ , j=1, |
sample, kruskal-wallis test, proc step, sample size, proc npar1way, proc freq | source | 3 |
| 28 | Are Strings Tying You in Knots? | Deb Cassidy | If the answer to the title question is "YE", then this presentation is for you. You'll learn how to make sure you get the entire string "YES" when creating a new variahle. The presentation will also walk through examples of analyzing character data where youll need to use SAS functions such as SCAN, TRIM, LEFf, INDEX and COMPRESS to clean up your data before you can use procedures such as | proc step, proc contents, sas base, length statement, proc freq, proc print, if-then-else, character functions | source | 10 |
| 29 | Around the World with the SAS System | Liz Simon | This poster shows a display of flags depicting wol1dwide locations of SAS subsidiaries, regional offices and distributors. For many users, annotating specific locations on a SAS map data set has not been a very simple task, primarily due to the fact that the data is not in latitude and longitude coordinates. Currently under developement, is the effort to convert all map datasets into latitude and longitude. The programs used in this poster is an example of how one will be able to use a converted map dataset to annotate cities for example | macro variable, proc step | source | 6 |
| 30 | Automatically Updating Copies of a SAS/AF Catalog among Users on a Local Area Network | Todd C. Folsom | proc sql, proc step, macro variable, macro definition | source | 2 | |
| 31 | Bartlett Correction of Binomial Regression Analyses of Small Samples | Lawrence Moulton, Roy St. Laurent, Lisa Weissfeld |
likelihood function, sample, regression analysis, logistic distribution, logistic regression, maximum likelihood estimation, binomial distribution | source | 5 | |
| 32 | Batch Processing in SAS/INSIGHT Software | Heman Robinson | Graphical user interfaces have replaced batch statements for many data analysis tasks. However, batch processing is still the best way to automate repetitive tasks. Batch statements also improve product integration for applications development. SAS/INSIGHT software provides dynamic graphics and modeling in a point-and-click user interface. This paper describes how to automate the user interface, creating the same graphs and analyses from batch statements |
scatter plot, proc step, dataset, batch processing, by group processing, if-then-else, binomial distribution, likelihood function, regression analysis | source | 8 |
| 33 | Batch vs. Interactive - Why You Need Both | Janet E. Stuelpner | On the mainframe, a great number of people write their programs and then use batch submission exclusively to run and test them. As we all know. at times this can be very frustrating. Others use interactive sessions exclusively. This paper will show the user the reasons why a combination of using batch submissions along with an interactive sessions are beneficial to developing new programs | batch job, batch processing | source | 5 |
| 34 | Be Bullish with SASe Financial and Investment Analysis with Ease | Paul J. Ratnaraj | Financial and accounting data (stock prices. market information, balance sheets) are widely available for a fee on most commercial networks (Compuserve, America on-line). Recent regulations have made much of the above data freely available on the Internet as well as through the modem. The electronic dissemination of information is enabling the average user to analyze data independently and make more informed investment decisions. This paper introduces some fundamental theories and concepts of modern financial analysis. Where appropriate, SAS procedures to accomplish these analyses will also be presented. The paper concludes with a discussion on SAS/EIS and its use in financial analysis. Sample EIS building methodology will also be presented |
covariance, standard deviation, correlation, dataset, sample, expense ratio, interest rate | source | 10 |
| 35 | Blind Dates and Other Lapses of Reason; Handling Dates in SAS | Alan Dickson | proc print, proc step | source | 7 | |
| 36 | Bootstrap Cox Regression Using SAS Procedures | Chikuma Hamada, Junji Kishimoto |
In the analysis of biomedical studies variable selection is often necessary because of too many explanatory variables that are highly correlated. The stability of model selection should be evaluated because of variability across repeated experiments. Wi th Cox regression, an analytical approach to checking stability is very difficult: ho,\"ever. the jackknife or bootstrap method implemented with a high-speed computer can be a practical alternative. We illustrate how to do bootstrap Cox regression using SAS(~ procesures PROC MULTTEST and PROC PHREG, and apply the |
bootstrap, regression analysis, sample, proc phreg, best subsets, proc step, proc calis, feature selection, sample size, proc freq, stepwise selection | source | 5 |
| 37 | Broadening Your Choices in Desktop Solutions: The SAS System for Macintosh | Terrie Linker | Release 6.10 of the SAS System for Macintosh brings the world of SAS software to the Macintosh platform. This paper will discuss several technical topics, such as why the SAS System requires System 7.5 of MacOS, how AppleScript is supported, drag-and-drop issues, and how to create a double-clickable SAS "application." Also discussed are technical aspects of several features that are unique to the Macintosh version of the SAS System, and some future directions | source | 6 | |
| 38 | Building a Client/Server EIS | Greg Shanker, David Hand |
proc sql, sample, proc step, where statement, data science, relational database, macro definition, dataset, %if-%then-%else | source | 10 | |
| 39 | Building a Data Warehouse with SAS Software in the UNIX Environment | Karen Grippo, John Chen, Lisa Brown |
A common trend in corporations today is "downsizing" - moving applications from expensive mainframes to more affordable mid-range platforms. The Information Center of Dun & Bradstreet Information Systems, faced with the challenge of moving fulfillment off the mainframe, has chosen SAS software not only as the vehicle for its data analysis and delivery but also as its database management system. Twenty gigabytes, extracted from mainframe legacy databases, have been loaded onto an HP-UX platform as indexed SAS data files. Two data structures (a table mapping the data files to file systems and a data dictionary mapping data elements to data files) and a set of SAS macros have been developed to give the Information Center developers and business users transparent access to the data, freeing them from the need to know data file or data element locations. In a future release of the SAS System, SAS Institute plans to support an integrated data dictionary | dataset, macro definition, proc step, data dictionary | source | 6 |
| 40 | Building an Application Using SAS/GRAPH Graphics Object | Faith Durham | Graphs are an effective means of communicating the Important aspects of a large amount of Information. This paper will center on how to best use the Graph Object to present Information and will cover some of the newer enhancements to the Graph Object | source | 5 | |
| 41 | Calculating Confidence Intervals on Proportions of Variability Using the VARCOMP and IML Procedures | Annette M. Green, David Umbach |
A common problem in study design is determining the consistency between measurements taken on different occasions. In other words, do you need to get several readings on a subject and then take the average of them, or is the variability low enough between readings that one reading is a valid indicator of the true response? Using confidence intervals on proportions of variability can be an effective | confidence interval, covariance, likelihood function, sample, proc calis, maximum likelihood estimation, proc mixed | source | 6 |
| 42 | Calling External Software within the SAS System | Jan W. Buzydlowski | Occasionally there is a need to run an external software package to perform some special routine that is not available within the SAS System. This presents a major inconvenience, especially if data needs to be shared, as either you must, 1) prepare the output of a program for use by the external software, exit the SAS System and run the package, and then read the output back into the SAS System; or, if possible, 2) re-write the algorithm using macros within the SAS system. Such a situation presented itself at the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) when the frequent need arose to create a SAS System data set, run a FORTRAN program to compute the cumulative incidence of competing risk events, and then graph the results using SAS/GRAPH. Rather than chose one of the two methods mentioned above, an alternate method was successfully chosen and implemented |
%if-%then-%else, proc step, macro definition | source | 3 |
| 43 | Changing Titles on Graphs With Minimal Processing | Deb Cassidy | proc step, proc greplay, batch job | source | 6 | |
| 44 | Chart Smart: Design Graphs for Effective Communication | LeRoy Bessler | The time and attention of a communication recipient are valuable resources. This paper explains how to create powerful presentation materials, and graphic reports that are digestible at a glance. Though SAS/GRAPH' references are made, almost all ideas are software-independent. Emphasis is on design principles and illustrations. But, due to the page-count limit for publication, only a few of the illustrations are included. On Communication "Put it before them-- briefly ... so they will read it, clearly ... so they will appreciate it, picturesquely ... so they will remember it, and, above all, accurately ... so they will be guided by its light." |
bar chart, proc step | source | 10 |
| 45 | Choosing the Best Colour Hard-Copy Output Device far SAS/GRAPH Software | Andrew Kopras | This paper will evaluate most of the different colour output devices that can be used to produce hard copy output from SAS/GRAPHO. The devices which will be evaluated include pen plotters, ink·jet printers, thermal wax transfer printers, phase change printers, dye sublimation printers and colour laser printers. The paper will outline the advantages and disadvantages of each device, special media needs, device's performance on transparencies as compared to paper and approximate costs per page of output |
source | 4 | |
| 46 | Click, Click, Click: Redesigning a Business Process Using FRAME Objects in SAS/ AF Software | Deborah A. Testa, Karen M. Michiels, Thomas K. Lim |
clinical research, data governance | source | 4 | |
| 47 | Client/Server Applications: Experience from the Management Information Systems Department at SAS Institute | Ria Poole | In an effort to keep up with changing technology, applications developed. by the Management Information Systems Department at SAS Institute have had to evolve rapidly in the past few years. Many applications began on mainframe computers and have successfully made the transition to the desktop. Others use the power of the mainframe to serve clients on other platforms. This paper will give an overview of the evolution of Client/Server applications developed for internal use at SAS Institute,. The main focus will be on the Account Management System used by the sales organizations | management reporting | source | 3 |
| 48 | ClinAccess: A Client/Server Approach to Clinical Trials Data Management and Regulatory Approval | Martin J. Rosenberg | Motivated by the desire to better manage an ever increasing volume of information and to reduce the length of time required to introduce new drugs around the world, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have sought to facilitate the drug development and approval processes through innovative uses of computer technology. One such effort that has received great attention is the computer assisted NDA or CANDA and its cousin for biologicals the computer assisted PLA or | clinical trial, crf, data review, clinical data, audit trail, data validation rules, clinical research, pharmaceutical industry, key, dataset, data cleaning | source | 7 |
| 49 | Combining Spatial and Attribute Data to Create Vertical SAS/GIS Software Applications | Mark Brown, Sarah Darden |
With the production release of SAS/GIS , .. Software, organizations will be acquiring spatial and attribute data that is best suited for their particular industry segment and application needs. Spatial data is available in a variety of coverages including streets, zip codes, address ranges, census tracts, and block groups. Demographic data is one popular form of attribute data and is readily available for various industry segments such as health care, insurance, retail, and banking. ThiS paper examines the spatial and attribute data that is available for use with SAS/GIS'" Software from Geographic Data Technologies and Claritas Inc. It describes how both types of data can be used to create a Business Geographic system with industry specific examples |
dataset, proc step | source | 6 |
| 50 | Comments and Special Characters | Deb Cassidy | sas base, macro facility | source | 2 | |
| 51 | Communicate Effectively in Color with SAS/GRAPH Software | LeRoy Bessler | Though color printing has been available fifteen years or more for computer graphic applications, only in the last year or two have major print hardware vendors been delivering moderately priced (under $10,000) full-color laser printers that use toner (not wax or wax transfer) and standard paper. The Poster reports the benefits of communicating with color, presents software-independent graphic design principles, and illustrates effective color communication with examples. (Only a few Poster illustrations can be included in this paper.) It also covers color-related matters in the context of, or unique to, SAS/GRAPH software. Always Remember These Facts about Color Prof. Jay Neitz of the Eye Institute of the Medical College of Wisconsin: 8 out of 10 males have some form of color blindness, but, due to genetic differences, women rarely suffer color blindness. * The commonest form of color blindness cannot distinguish red from green |
proc gmap, sample | source | 6 |
| 52 | Comparing the SAS GLM and MIXED Procedures for Repeated Measures | Ming Chang, Russell D. Wolfinger |
Repeated measures analyses in the SAS GLM procedure in volve the traditional univariate and mukivariate approaches. The SAS MIXED procedure employs a more general co variance structure approach. This paper compares the two procedures and helps you understand their methodologies. A numerical example illustrates many of the key similarities and differences |
proc step, proc mixed, proc genmod, proc glm, covariance, fixed effects, degrees of freedom, repeated measures, likelihood function, covariance structure, compound symmetry, restricted maximum likelihood, missing value, sample, dataset, proc reg, anova, correlation, proc calis | source | 11 |
| 53 | Conditional ENDSAS Statement | Erik W. Tilanus | ENDSAS; is not a statement that can be executed conditionally. This paper discusses two methods to circumvent this limitation | macro facility, abort | source | 1 |
| 54 | Conducting Linear Growth Curve Analysis with the SAS System | Laura Ichikawa, William E. Barlow |
In longitudinal studies, the change in the response variable over time is often of interest. Linear growth curve analysis allows you to estimate the mean slope as a function of time. Analysis becomes more difficult when there is individual variation about the mean slope and repeated observations are not independent. The MIXED procedure in the SAS/STA-r soltware can model random effects which allows for individual variation. This procedure allows various models for the random effects component as well as for the error component. The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) provides a robust covariance matrix even when the correlation structure of repeated observations is misspecrried. A SAS macro is available that applies GEE to longitudinal data analysis. The macro does not explicnly model random effects, but provides valid results when data actually contain random effects |
proc mixed, correlation, likelihood function, compound symmetry, longitudinal data, confidence interval, proc calis, repeated measures, covariance, covariance structure, proc reg, fixed effects, data science, response variable | source | 6 |
| 55 | Controlling Page Breaks When Using PROC REPPORT | Cynthia A. Stetz | proc step, proc report, sample | source | 2 | |
| 56 | Controlling Sealed-Source Inventories Using the FRAME Entry in SAS/ AF Software | Ralph Royce | A major goal of application development is to provide a user· friendly environment. The application should have an intuitive look and feel. Navigation through the application should require only a recognition of the variable names and values. By requiring little or no understanding of the inner-workings, the application is easily accessible by all who use it. This is important because you do not need to have any knowledge of the underlying programming language. The menu structure should follow a logical sequence, having related topics listed under each menu. The menus and controls of the various windows should supply options and buttons that are dynamically-created. By using these guidelines, you are more likely to use the application and obtain the desired information with the least difficulty. 'PORTS - Radioactive Source Control Program' meets these goals | where statement, return, proc report, proc step, raw data, proc printto | source | 6 |
| 57 | Controlling Your Programs with Data: An Example in Pharmaceutical Laboratory Data Reporting | Paul C. Wehr, Albert Mo |
Two of the arguments for object-oriented programming are: 1) The distinction between data and the functions that control data is largely an artificial one, and 2) The real-world is not static, so neither should the programs that attempt to manage it be static. While an object-oriented base language is not available, we can still make use of this object-oriented philosophy. Using a limited amount of macro language programming, we moved a great deal of our programming logic into data sets. This may seam to be an unnecessary leval of complexity at first glance, but especially for dynamic applications, the benefits of this approach will become clear. We use clinical laboratory reporting in a phannaceutical research environment as an example. This environment is constantly changing, with the introduction of new assays, equipment, units and accuracy. Any program that is entrusted to manage this environment must be as active as its real-world counlerpart | clinical significance, data cleaning | source | 6 |
| 58 | Costs Down 80% - Error Rates Down 75%: Applying the SEI Model to the SAS Programming Environment | Jeffrey Phillips, Robert G. Hall |
The Software Engineering Institute's Software Maturity Model has been measured to reduce costs by 80% and error rates by 75%. It provides a programming framework which offers significant time/cost savings to application development efforts. These savings are effected through the use of standardized procedures for all software activities. The paper describes the SEI model and offers some examples of the types of procedures that are traditionally developed. This paper then describes the applications of the SEI model to two esc projects: a classical fixed-duration and fixed-cost application development effort and a broad-based data processing support effort. We will describe what procedures we implemented and how well they worked within each situation. The paper will describe where we achieved the most success in implementing the model and the impact it had on the software teams | sas programmer, quality assurance | source | 13 |
| 59 | Creating a Cumulative Area Plot | Thomas A. Miron | dataset, proc gplot | source | 4 | |
| 60 | Creating a Daily Forecast to Improve Short-Term Business Planning | Barbara Ledwith-Crosby | Depending on the requests of senior management, a forecast can be either short term or long term, reflecting a time range from days to years. Often, these forecasts are arranged in periods smaller than the entire forecast horizon to provide a basis for monitoring, analysis and revisions. For example, a yearly forecast may be broken down to an outlook for each month within that year. As each month passes, a simple analysis can determine if there are possible problems with the yearly forecast. If this forecast is the basis for the business plan, revisions to the business plan may be needed that can impact the decisions that determine the future direction of the company. In the following case, the business problem that needed to be resolved was how to improve short-term business planning by predicting the outcome of a month during any day of the month in question | proc step, proc forecast | source | 4 |
| 61 | Creating New Variable Names from Old Variable Names | Julia L. Bienias | In this tip I describe how to automatically create a set of variables with new names and values, where the new names are derived from a set of variables already on the file. For example, one might want to take a set of variables and create a set of new variables that are the logarithms of the original values. The new variables might have names like "L_SALES" and "L_INCOME" to indicate they are logged values. One can write a simple macro that will do this for a particular specified variable name. but several steps are required to do it automatically for a set of variables whose names are riot pre·specified in the macro call. The macro code presented here uses array statements and the "vname" function. which retrieves the name of a variable as a character variable. These variable names are placed in macro variables (via the CALL SYMPUT function) and can be retrieved in a subsequent DATA STEP and assigned values |
macro variable, macro loop, macro definition | source | 2 |
| 62 | Data about Data: An Introduction to Dictionary Tables | Frank C. DiIorio, Nancy J. Michal |
dictionary tables, dataset, out=, proc step, options statement, proc sql, proc contents, macro variable, proc print, sas programmer, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 63 | DATA Step Reporting | Marge Scerbo | put statement, file statement, proc step, set statement, by group processing, options statement | source | 7 | |
| 64 | Database Specifications and Data Dictionary System | Ala Majid Sweidan, Bernd Doetzkies |
The development of the Clinical Data Management (COM) Database Specifications & Data Dlctionary System (db Specs) at Parke~Davis has improved the SAS database development process by applying current technology in constructing the database specifications. The COM db Specs system uses SAS/AF and Screen Control Language (Sel) as application development tools for the user interiace. SAS/FSP procedures, FSEDIT and FSVIEW, provide the user with a direct and easy way to edit and maintain the database specifications and corresponding documents. By normalizing the output from PROe CONTENTS the system provides the user with a flexible way to store and process the data elements needed to support data dictionary and database spedfications functions. db Specs stores the database specifications in a SAS library, rather than in a word processing document file |
sas library, data dictionary, clinical database | source | 4 |
| 65 | Datalog: Motorola's Advanced Semiconductor Fab Data Collection and Control System Using SAS/AF and SAS CL | Fred Berneche, James Gutt |
Collection of data in a state-of-the-art Integrated Circuit manufacturing area is a large and important task. Data are collected from more than sixty (60) different operations, and may be used for statistical process control (SPC), correlation with product yields. process improvements and debugging of process anomaties which arise from time to time. It is imperative that the data collection be handled in a cost-effective, real-time manner which allows quick ard easy data analysis. DataLog is an application using SASJAF and SASJSCL produc1s. written by Motorola, Inc., which meets these requirements. Its is currently employed in nine (9) different semiconductor tabs at Motorola sites in Arizona. Texas and Japan. DataLog performs collection of data. with immediate SPC and availability for on-line analysis. In addition, paper logs are eliminated from the clean-room facilities | correlation, anova | source | 6 |
| 66 | Debugging SAS Macros | Thomas J. Winn Jr. | The SAS macro facility is a powerful tool which greatly enhances the functionality and flexibility of the SAS programming language. However, the complexity of programming code which utilizes SAS macro language statements sometimes also makes it difficult to debug. The SAS System includes some programming statements and options which can be used in the process of correcting code that is not working properly. This tutorial will describe a strategy for using. the MPRINT, MLOGIC and SYMBOLGEN options, as well as %PUT statements, for debugging purposes, including examples of the interpretation of diagnostic messages pertaining to the macro facility |
macro variable, sas log, macro facility, options statement, error message, macro call, proc step, macro definition, put statement, &variable, macro put, proc print, macro debugging, macro parameter | source | 7 |
| 67 | Demand Forecasting: Do You Know Where Your Products Are Going? | Robin Reese, D'Arcy Dittmer, Daphne McCarley, Don Waddell |
This paper presents how the Chevron U.S.A. Products Company used the SAS System to solve inventory problems caused by inaccurate forecasts of expected demands. The final solution was an automated forecast system delivered on a desktop PC running SAS for Windows 6.08. Base SAS, SAS/AF, SAS/ETS, SAS/FSP and SAS/GRAPH were all used to present a system that could easily be integrated with existing Chevron Information Systems. The application, Demand Forecasting, is used to forecast gasoline and distillate sales at Chevron's distribution locations in the U.S.A |
time series analysis, dataset, proc step | source | 4 |
| 68 | Designer Graphics: Anatomy of Some SAS Macros for Statistical Graphics | Michael Friendly | proc step, proc freq, proc greplay, macro facility, odds ratio, proc iml, macro variable, macro definition, proc gplot, proc sgplot, sample, main effect | source | 8 | |
| 69 | Designing a USABLE Application: User Interfaces and Usability Testing | Jason Thomas | The increased availability of graphical user interface (GUI) tools for application development calls for techniques to ensure that the applications are USABLE, and not just pretty or fancy. GUI tools. such as those available in SASI!I application development using SAS/FSP· and SAS/AF" software with FRAME, .have been created to develop better user interfaces for applications. This paper presents techniques and principles to aid the application developer in designing a usable interface. What Is an Interface? aT 0 the users, the interlace is the system" [Hix & Hartson 1993]. An interface is a means by which a person interacts with something to perform a desired function. We encounter such interfaces repeatedly in our day-ta-day lives. For example, your telephone, your televi$ion remote control, your car stereo controls, your keyboard, and the buttons in an elevator are all interlaces that you encounter daily. Interlaces are evolutionary beasts, where survival of the fittest reigns |
error message, proc freq | source | 7 |
| 70 | Designing Complex Systems Using SCL Data Objects | Andrew A. Norton | audit trail, dataset | source | 8 | |
| 71 | Developing Cash Flow Forecasting for Service Contracts | William S. Calvert, Margaret Calvert |
Development of fmancial forecasting applications for service contracts is discussed with particular attention to the use of modular algorithms, validation. and table driven architecture. The general approach for developing and implementing the cash flow forecasting algorithms presented is applicable to a wide range of contracts or long term service arrangements where the income generated depends on the delivery of units of service. Two basic algorithms are presented and discussed in the context of validation and perfonnance concerns. The prototype application discussed was developed under OS/2 hut the code and principles presented are generally applicable to other platfonns | data cleaning, macro variable | source | 6 |
| 72 | Developing Custom Training Solutions | Chip Rhodes, Claire McCullough |
A well-developed training program Is essential for users to gain the skills they need to maximize the full power of the SAS System. Recognizing the diversity of users and their training needS, SAS Institute offers a broad curriculum of training span ning several media: self-paced SAS/TUTOR online training software, video-based courses and tutorials, and instructor based training. There are obvious advantages to a training pro gram utilizing multiple media. Formats can be effectively mixed and matched to allow users to meet their personal training needs. Cost-effective training mixes can also help you stretch your training dollars. Examples of mixed media solutions to training needs are presented for consideration. Efficient use of the SAS System is the common denominator for all organizations seeking training, but each organization has unique elements of operation |
source | 5 | |
| 73 | Development Facilities and Tools for SAS Applications | Philip H. Van Dusen | SAS Consulting Services has an application development environment (ADE) that centers around a collection of generic SAS programs we call Toolbox. Components of the Toolbox include SAS/ AF subclasses, utility programs, applications, SAS macros, and SAS sample code. The organization of, and access to, Toolbox itself is controlled by an AF program. This paper will describe the infrastructure of our Toolbox using example Toolbox screens and Toolbox entries | macro variable, sample, data integrity, dataset, catalog entry, macro definition | source | 10 |
| 74 | Displaying the Results of an Employee Survey and a Balanced Scorecard Analysis to Non-Statisticians | Palmer Morrel-Samuels | This paper provides a brief outline that will assist those who present the results of employee sUlVeys and attitude assess ments to audiences that lack formal training in statistics. The analyst is urged 1) To provide proof of reliability and explain its importance; 2) To provide evidence of validity and explain its importance, and; 3) To provide evidence of direct business utility and to show how that information can be used to improve the organi zation. Guidelines are offered for A) Accomplishing those three goals; B) Responding to common criticisms; C) Following conventional rules for legibility; D) Accommodating the cognitive strengths and limitations of audience members; E) Using graphics pulled from JMP" software written by SAS Institute, and; F) Conducting a Balanced Scorecard Analysis according to Kaplan and Norton's (1992,1993) methodology | source | 3 | |
| 75 | Distributed Processing: Using Remote Library Services to Bring Storage to the WorkstatiJn | Daryl R. Hoffman | macro variable, proc sql | source | 5 | |
| 76 | Diving into SAS Software with the SOL Procedure | Kirk Paul Lafler | Joining two or more tables of data is a powerful feature found in the relational model and the SQL procedure. Often, the need to analyze or process data that resides in two or more tables is necessary. When this is the case, a common or connecting column is used from each table to form the basis for the join. Consequently, it is possible to discover new and exciting relationships between data. This paper illustrates what a join is, why joins are necessary in data analysis, the concept of joins and the Cartesian product in relational theory, and the numerous types of joins that can be performed. In particular, participants willieam how to perform basic join operations on two or more tables (inner joins), specify join conditions, and perform left, right, and full joins (outer joins) using SAS System data sets (tables) |
proc sql, data merging, proc step, right join, left join, proc sort, length statement, where statement, inner join, full join | source | 6 |
| 77 | Don't Be RoadKiII on the Information Superhighway: Using the Internet to Support SAS Software | Nancy Hill | sample, sas log | source | 5 | |
| 78 | Double Data Entry for Novice Users | Terry Shaffer, N. Paige Groninger |
We present a SASIAF application for validating data entry using double-entry techniques. Our application is designed with the non-SAS programmer in mind and does not require manipulating SAS code to tailor the application to a particular data set. You define the variables, enter observations into an initial data set, and then reenter to validate. During validation, each value entered is compared against the corresponding value from the initial data set. If discrepancies occur, the field is flagged and you are prompted to enter the correct value. The application keeps track of validated observations so that the validation process can span multiple data entry sessions. The application also allows for the possibility that observations may be omitted or duplicated | data cleaning, validation set, master data management | source | 6 |
| 79 | Downsizing: Client/Server Computing | Joseph Wang | Client/Server "fever" is spreading across Corporate America like wild fire. Does your company want to get on the bandwagon? Can you really save money by using Client/Server technology? How much productivity can you gain when you migrate your system to the Client/Server platform? This paper gives answers to six key questions of "Downsizing". It also provides practical advises on selecting a Client/Server model which best ms your shop and your SAS applications. 1) Why do you want to downsize? 2) What is client/server? 3) What is the best Client/Network/Server Operating System? 4) Is SAS portable? 5) What are the success factors? 6) What are the potential problems? - With PC SAS - Without PC SAS | api, sas log | source | 5 |
| 80 | Driving the SAS System Along the Information Superhighway | Orion V. Hanger | More and more computer based professionals and the businesses that employ them are turning to telecommut ing as an alternative to additional office space, congested highways and wasted time. In addition, the growing 'Information Highways' provide businesses with a greater region from which they can build their work force. In the next few years, users of the SAS System of Software (researchers, analysts and programmers) could very well find themselves as being likely candidates for telecom muting based employment. Indeed, many probably al ready have two offices (work and home). With the avail ability of high speed phone lines, SAS for OS/2, Win dows, WindowslNT or UNIX and powerful desktop (even laptop) computers, a SAS user can easily perform much their work remotely from the actual business site | proc step, sas base | source | 8 |
| 81 | DrugA v.s. Comparator % Complete Response by Dose | Lori D. Griffin | complete response, proc step | source | 20 | |
| 82 | DSGI: Some Helpful Hints | Deb Cassidy | sysrc, character variable, proc step | source | 10 | |
| 83 | DSGI: The OTHER Way to Do SAS Graphics | C. Michael Whitney | This paper will discuss the use of the SAS DATA STEP Graphics Interface (OSGI). QSGI provides a flexible means of creating graphics and is able to handle most of your special graphic needs. This paper will discuss the basics of DSG and show complex graphs can be created using simple shapes |
macro definition, proc freq, proc step | source | 6 |
| 84 | Effective Data Encryption Algorithms using the SAS System | Annette I. Ladan | It is desirable to disguise sensitive data, such as name and social security number from scrutiny or unauthorized access when using a shared SAS data set. A simple encryption/decryption algorithm to scramble key data solves this data security issue. Many SAS System character functions are available to support unique, simple, and keyless data encryption algorithms. The cryptographic ciphers (SUbstitution/translation schemes) presented for SAS character data are based on the monoalphabetic, polyalphabetic, and transposition | dataset, sas base | source | 2 |
| 85 | Effective Poster Presentations for SAS User Group Conferences: Recommendations and Techniques | Helen-Jean Talbott | Poster sessions at SAS@ User Group Conferences provide an excellent opportunity to present information such as detailed code and output in a display format, yet they can challenge those who may be uncertain about poster preparation. The | ascii, txt | source | 9 |
| 86 | Efficient Techniques for Random Access to SAS Data Sets | David Sommer | The standard technique for random access in SASe DATA STEP coding is the use of the KEY = option of the SET statement to read observations from an indexed dataset. Also well known as a random access technique is the use of formats created by the FORMAT procedure. But when millions of accesses must be made, the indexed dataset technique is often very slow. And although very fast in execution, the format technique is tedious to implement. This paper gives performance results on the indexed, format, and a hybrid technique, with some guidelines as to when each is appropriate. Macros presented here make the use of any of the three techniques easy and as efficient as each can be |
macro variable, set statement, proc format, proc step, index | source | 6 |
| 87 | Empower Your User Community with a SAS Information Warehouse | Stephen C. Scott | The idea of an Information Warehouse composed of SAS datasets and present on your platforms of choice offers many benefits to end-users, application developers and system administrators. Performance benefits include CPU savings of 65% to 99% over conventional DBMS such as DB2 and elapsed time savings of 90% compared to DBMS products from Oracle and Sybase. Whether your Information System is small (3 meg) or large (30 + gigabytes) you can achieve improved performance and improved business processes through the concepts of an Information Warehouse. This paper explores the author's experiences with Information Warehouses, summarizes the most recent writings on the Data Warehouse and reviews some of the corporations using the SAS system as an integral part of their Information Warehouse strategy | dataset, proc sql, cpu time, data governance, proc step | source | 10 |
| 88 | Encrypting SAS Data in Release 6.11 | William D. Clifford | Are outsiders accessing your SAS data? Not for long. A new data encryption/decryption feature will be available in Release 6.11 of the SAS System to increase your ability to prevent unauthorized access to data in your SAS data files and indexes | proc print, proc step | source | 3 |
| 89 | Enhanced Graphical Output from Nonlinear Regression: Moving from Vision to Reality | David F. Smith | Enhancing graphical output often means more than just choosing attractive text fonts and line types. If our goal is to present clear, concise graphical information, then we may need to add items to the graph -- lines, labels, annotations, even tables of numbers. The SASe System provides tools to do this, but finding and using the tools may be a formidable challenge. This presentation shows an example of the process of turning a vision of the ideal graph into reality. The situation is nonlinear regression of some laboratory data in a study of the effect of an inhibitory drug on a cell culture | confidence interval, proc step | source | 2 |
| 90 | Enterprise-Wide Performance Management Using SAS/CPE Software | Tricia Dudley, Tim Rowles, Robert Chu |
Performance analysts should invest their time and expertise in analyzing system periorrnance rather than spending their time inventing or learning new tools. SAS/CPE Software can simplify collection and management of performance data from multiple platforms. including OpenVMS, Open Systems and MVS. Examples of analyzing CPU, memory, 1/0 and network utilization on each platform will be shown as well as combining data for some general management reports. Also included will be pOinters to specific features of the SAS System, such as client·server support, which can make the job of performance analysis easier |
cpu time, network utilization | source | 5 |
| 91 | Estimating Effects of Transparency on Market Quality: A SAS/OR Application | Barbara B. Okerson, Dominique Vacheron |
A key issue in market research is whether transparency. or the real time public dissemination of quotes and trades, improves market quafity. Previous studies have focused solely on the American stock market. This paper uses Pree LP in SASIOR to formulate a linear programming model to test the effects of transparency on the market quality in the Paris Bourse. A simplified model is used here to demonstrate the methodology. In this simplified model, two portfolios are constructed with a common attribute (number of trades). Based on a sample of 14 firms from October 1, 1993 to October 30. 1993, the LP model compares the transparency of portfolios using the bid-ask spread in French Francs. Wrthin the model, the mean of the common attribute is held constant, while the difference in transparency is maximized | sample, linear programming, proc step, proc freq | source | 3 |
| 92 | Examples Using The MODULE Routines in PC Environments | Richard D. Langston | This paper discusses various applications that use the experimental MODULE routines that were released starting with Release 6.10 of the SAS@ System of the various Personal Computer platforms | decimal, input statement | source | 5 |
| 93 | Expanding Your EIS Capabilities | Don Stanley | sysrc, catalog entry | source | 12 | |
| 94 | Experiences Using SAS Transport Libraries | Michael Coen, Michael Fiola |
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the methodology of transporting SAS data sets without the benefit of the SAS/CONNECT" product. The process was complicated by differences in system file structures and communication protocols. The ftle transfer package used was FTP and transfer capability was sought between the Microsoft Windows (PC), DEC OpenVMS (V AX) and IBM" VM/CMS (IBM) platforms. Specific code examples are provided including recommendations for subdirectory usage |
dataset, proc copy, error message | source | 5 |
| 95 | Exploiting MS Windows for SAS Version 6.10 | John Price, Mark W. Cates |
This paper describes features of the SAS System in Release 6.10 that allow the exploitation of the features available under the Microsoft Windows operating system. The goal of the paper is to show users of the SAS System for Microsoft Windows the features and customization options that enable the SAS System to work natively on PC platforms | sas output, sample, catalog entry | source | 10 |
| 96 | Exposing a 4GL Property of the SAS System | Paul J. Waldowski | In today's data processing environments, software engineers are continually striving to exploit the fourth generation language (4GL) characteristics of programming languages available within the corrputing industry. One of the many capabilities 4GLs have over third generation languages is the ability to generate more source code from the input without recompiling any code. The generated source code can then be executed from the code which created it by sirrply invoking a built-in property of the language. This paper exposes this 4GL property of the sAS'" System through the use of the sAS'" Macro Language in a data-driven sAS'" program | macro definition, proc step | source | 5 |
| 97 | Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Efficient Filtering of Large Data Sets | Daniel R. Bretheim, Ryan K. Carr |
proc format, proc step, lookup | source | 6 | |
| 98 | Functions to Facilitate Decision Making: A Flexible Approach for Screening Data | Robert Chu, Susan Tideman |
Performance analysts (and business decision-makers, researchers, and anyone else working with large volumes of data) need to screen the data for exceptions and interesting patterns. Screening techniques need to be extended to detect a greater range of exceptions and patterns than those that can be detected by use of traditional functions (mean, maximum, minimum, and so on). Also, the extensions need to be more flexible than those available in current tools and need to be supported by a flexible environment that can provide ad hoc and automated runs against the data. This paper describes some flexible, non-traditional, screening functions and describes a flexible support environment. The screening functions and environment described in this paper can be implemented in SAS code. The examples in this paper are geared toward performance analysts. But the functions and environment described here are applicable to screening any large volume of data | where statement, outlier | source | 8 |
| 99 | Fuzzy Joins using SOL | Jack N. Shoemaker | The MERGE data-step statement provides a convenient method to join the information in two or more tables provided the tables share a common set of key values and no more than one of the tables contains duplicate key values. When this is not the case, alternate strategies are required. This paper provides SQL-based solutions for many-to-many merges and merges where the key values are close, or related, but not exact as the MERGE statement would have. These needs often arise when the tables contain time-stamped data requiring the link of a single value to a range of values - a special case of a many-to-many merge often known as a point-to range merge; or, when key values are not exactly the same because the underlying recording devices are not synchronized - an example of ciose-but-not-qnite-exact merging |
proc sql, select, where statement, proc step, create view, merge statement, data step, insurance claims, dataset, observation, missing value, sample, proc contents | source | 10 |
| 100 | Generating Bivariate Random Numbers from Normal, Log Normal, and Gamma Distributions Using SAS Software | Laurie T. Elstun | SAS provides functions which generate random numbers from various univariate distributions but does not provide functions for generating random numbers from bivariate distributions. This paper provides | gamma distribution, covariance, macro call, normal distribution, proc step, proc print, macro definition, correlation | source | 3 |
| 101 | Generating Student Class Rolls: From a Mainframe Environment to MicrosoftExcel | Lisa P. Wayte | Test Scoring is a section within Computer Services' Instruction & Research Support, at the University of Central Florida that provides computerized exam grading. This service is available to instructors who need computer generated class rolls in a spreadsheet format or computer·graded NCS Scantron exams. The test scoring section handles over 1,500 requests a year with an average of 5 requests per day. Also, test scoring provides individual student and overall class statistical summaries for each graded exam, including final exams. The class roll is generated from a student database that is downloaded once at the beginning of the semester after all class schedules have been finalized. The class roll is an on-line system called Class. The previous version of Class roll was written 10 years ago in COBOL and REXx<' on an IBM 4381 running under VM/CMS@ The current system utilizes a student database with over 35,000 entries and several records of information per student | dataset, excel | source | 4 |
| 102 | Getting Started with SAS/GRAPH the Easy Way | Hany Aboutaleb, Genevieve Kearse |
No single statistical tool is as powerful as a graph. Using graphs we can display a large amount of information, look for patterns and relationships, support or disprove a proposed hypothesis and discover new ideas. This article will describe and illustrate a graphical methodology for data analysis using basic rules and principles. The following dossier of statistical graphs illustrates the methods and principle elements of graphing data using SAS/GRAPH software. The SAS system and SAS/GRAPH software provide basic tools for statistical analysis and graphical display |
proc step, data science, macro facility, proc gplot | source | 7 |
| 103 | Granger-Sims Test for Causality | Ashok Mehta | The purpose of this paper is to explain the Granger· Sims test for causality and to provide a SAS macro to perform the test. L INlRODUCTION Do changes in the exchange rate cause changes in the domestic interest rate!' Or changes in the domestic interest rate determine changes in the exchange rate? Or both of them are endogenously determined? In economics there are conflicting theories regarding the causal relationship between these two economic variables. Similarly, there are other instances in social sciences where the causal relationship is not unambiguously determined. Such problems can be addressed empirically by performing a statistical test of causality developed by Granger (1969) and Sims (1972). The present paper briefly explains the logic behind the Granger-Sims test and a method to perform the test in Section II Section III is devoted to developing the SAS macro code for the test. In Section IV. an example is . given to illustrate the use of the macro | regression analysis, interest rate, null hypothesis | source | 6 |
| 104 | How to Retrieve Information from a Print File or a Log File and Pass It to a Later Step of the Same Program | Hugh Geary | The procedures UFETEST, PHREG, FREQ and others produce a SAS data set and a print file, but do not put some information in an output SAS data set that is found in the printed output. For instance, PROC LIFETEST puts Chi-Square values, confidence inter vals, etc. in a print file but not in a SAS data set. Also PROC FREQ did not put such values into a SAS data set until after ver sion 6.06 of SAS. However these values are often needed for display in tables and graphs. You can copy these values, by hand, from the print file and run a second program producing the ta ble or graph -OR- yoU can design your program to extract the needed values from the print file, put them in a SAS data set and pass them to a later program step without risking miscopying numbers. In this paper we examine a simple means of extracting data from a print file, then a more complicated example and finally incor porate the whole process into macros to process a sequence of print files |
dataset, proc step, proc freq, input statement | source | 4 |
| 105 | Human Resources Management System Architecture | Steve Beckner | By definition, a Human Resources Management System (HRMS) includes functionality that covers the entire span of an employee's relationship with a company. A partial list of functionality would include applicant tracking, hiring, employee tracking, training, skill inventory, job analysis, career planning, government compliance, benefits, and HR-specific reporting. With the increasing importance of human resources management and its technical applications, a flexible architecture is needed to insure a responsive and dynamic system that will serve the organiiation successfully. An enterprise-wide HRMS architecture consists of three major components: Operational, Information Database, and Decision Support. This paper will discuss each of these components. Operational Component: The operational component is fundamentally the transactional applications of the HRMS | structured data, data governance | source | 4 |
| 106 | I'm Executing! What's My Name? A SAS Macro to Generate the VMS SAS Program NAME | Faith Reneé Sloan | Have your clients ever been presented with SAS output and decided that they would like to generate the very same output using updated data. Or maybe they simply want you to make a few cosmetic changes to a report that you or someone did 'on the fly' some time ago. Did you go back and wonder, "Where in the world is the SAS program that generated this baby?" Well, here is a macro that will allow VAX/VMS SAS programmers with a tool to generate the SAS program's FILENAME, user id, system time, and system date as a part of the output generated from an executed SAS program |
macro definition, %if-%then-%else | source | 2 |
| 107 | Identification of Data Errors Made Easy | Paul E. Pope, J. Reynaldo A. Santos |
This paper presents a macro that simplifies the process of identifying and resolving user defined data errors. The macro includes error detection, diagnostic aids, and execution of action conditioned on the results of error detection | proc step, proc print | source | 3 |
| 108 | Implementation of the FREOP System - The Quality Solution Provided for Northrop Grumman Corporation | Donna O. Fulenwider, Bradley W. Klenz, Lorraine Schacht |
The Georgia Production Site of the Northrop Grumman Corporation produces frames, doors, and subassemblies for the 747 fuselage as a supplier to the Boeing Commercial Airplane Group. In an effort to improve the quality of their manufacturing process, the Georgia Production Site chose SAS Software and Telxon radio·frequency technology to implement a statistical process control (SPC) data collection and analysis system. The FREOP (Frame·End·of·Part) System provided the solution for automating the SPC data collection and analysis process, which includes the immediate validation of data according to engineering tolerances, and real-time SPC analysis and reporting. This paper focuses on the implementation of the FREOP System at Northrop Grumman Corporation. The FREOP System Version 1.0 was developed by Meridian Software, Inc. using SAS Version 6.08 and Microsoft C Compiler· Version 6.00A in the Operating System/2 environment | proc freq, data science | source | 6 |
| 109 | Increased Productivity Through the Use of the SAS Display Manager System | Jim Anderson | The SAS Display Manager System provides an interactive, full screen option to SAS System operation, often offering mUltiple alternatives for accomplishment of the same task. Through the exploration of a selection of Display Manager windows, primary consideration is given to features and commands that will be of greatest benefit for session management and will most expand user productivity. While various SAS products extend the features of Display Manager, attention is limited to a Base SAS implementation. The weight of observation is applicable to all SAS installations, however, limited comments specifically address MVS or Microsoft Windows | sas output, sas log | source | 7 |
| 110 | Integrating the SAS System for Personal Computers into Your Enterprise | David F. Kolb | To utilize the full potential of SAS System software on the personal computer, your PC must be fully integrated into your enterprise. PC workstations are now key tools for developing an enterprise wide computing solution. SAS System products for the PC provide many client/server architecrures that Information System designers can use to access, update and analyze the entire spectrum of enterprise dara. SAS System client/server products are introduced in different PC based scenarios and several PC, network and SAS System configuration suggestions are presented to help you get better rerurns from your hardware and software investment | dataset, proc sql, traffic data, proc step, where statement, sas base, sql pass-through, excel | source | 22 |
| 111 | Integrating the SAS System with Microsoft Excel | Bruce Nawrocki | excel, dataset, proc step | source | 4 | |
| 112 | Intelligent Query Tools for Querying and Reporting | Beverly Dudley, Henrietta Cummings |
The SAS System is continually expanding to offer additional functionality for users. Recent product development has focused on our customers who need to easily access and query data. The SAS System provides a variety of methods that allow you to access and query your data, ranging from SOL (Structured Query Language) editors to GUI-based query tools to natural language tools-you choose the tool that's right for your users. In this paper, we'll focus on three query tOOls-the Sal Query Window, Query and Reporting from DB2 (Q&R), and SASIENGUSH software. The intent of this paper is to introduce these query tools-the information is not comprehensive of all features | proc sql, proc report, dataset, select | source | 4 |
| 113 | Interactive Analysis of Survey Data Using SAS/AF and SAS/EIS Software | Robert Hood | The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts numerous surveys to garber and disseminate agricultural statistics. NASS's Agricultural statistics Board (ASB) is responsible for setting estimates for a variety of agricultural commodities. Currently the process of reviewing survey data and other information in setting estimates is a heavily paper oriented process. Shuffling through papers to review and analyze data can be a hurried and frustrating process when the time to publish estimates is limited. With SAS/EIS and SAS/AF Frame software you can build practical information systems using object oriented programming. These applications are graphically oriented and allow you to navigate through the application, making choices and analyzing data simply by pointing and clicking with a mouse. A prototype executive information system was created to incorporate some of the procedures and information used by the ASB in setting estimates |
outlier, sample, catalog entry, bar chart | source | 6 |
| 114 | Interactive Applications (CANDA) Development with SAS for Windows | Frank S. Palmieri, Rob Rosen |
proc sql, data step, dataset, sas base | source | 4 | |
| 115 | Interactive Visualization and Statistical Interpretation of Market Share, Competitive Price, Stock and Mortgage Loan Data Using JMP 3.1 | James Daughtry, Jonathan Pinder, Edwin Tang, William R. Gjertsen |
The Information Age is here! The "Information Highway" and all of its features including market data retrieval, the downloading of text and images, real time payment via credit/ debit CARDS and just in time production and inventory control are part of our current business world. However, whatever the source, we will still be presented with business and market data that needs to be visualized, analyzed, and understood before it becomes meaningful information. New interactive computer tools, such as }MP, make this visualization and understanding possible. This presentation will draw on dynamic linking of screens, the 1, 2, 3 and N-dimensional representations of outliers and the analytic discovery tools available in}MP. Included will be examples for 1) Market Share and Competitive Price Analyses, 2) Stock Tracking and Selection and 3) Mortgage Loan Portfolio Analysis using Multinomial logit analysis |
logistic regression, interest rate, likelihood function, response variable, predictor variable, outlier | source | 14 |
| 116 | Interoperability Features of SAS System: Administering and Using SAS/CONNECT and SAS/ACCESS | Steven A. Wilson, Joseph Terdiman |
Cooperative processing is the running of applications that utilize resources on more than one CPU. V'vIth the SAS System increasingly available on multiple platforms in a computing environment, this type of processing is becoming more common. This paper examines the impact of cooperative processing, as well as the resulting need to access various non-SAS data structures, from two perspectives. First, there will be an examination of SAS/CONNECT and SAS/ACCESS software from a system administrator's perspective. This part of the paper will focus on getting these SAS System products implemented and established in an environment consisting of an MVS mainframe, a UNIX workstation, and PC workstations running DOS and V'vIndows in a Novell Local Area Network. This will include a |
proc step, dataset, sas library, catalog, proc copy, filename statement, proc sql, create table, macro variable, proc download, proc upload, variable, view, sample, macro definition | source | 10 |
| 117 | Introducing the Market Research Analysis Application | Wayne E. Watson | Market research focuses on assessing the preferences and choices of consumers and potential consumers. A new com ponent of SAS/STAT" software in Release 6.11 olthe SAS" System is an application written in SAS/AF" that provides statistical and graphicaltechniques for market research data analysis. The application allows you to employ statistical |
proc corresp, conjoint analysis, feature selection, multiple correspondence analysis, scree plot, proc freq, response variable, sample, proc princomp | source | 8 |
| 118 | Introducing the Sample Library File Contribution Server | Richard D. Langston, Gregory S. Barnes Nelson |
This paper discusses the repository of user-contributed SAS applications software that will reside on an FTP file server accessible via Internet This paper describes the various tools that allow for uploading and downloading SAS macro code, SAS programs. and SASITOOLKIT modules | data cleaning, sample | source | 6 |
| 119 | Introduction to Arrays and Array Processing | Earl R. Westerlund | Arrays are a very useful part of the SAS"' DATA STEP. With arrays, you can do repetitive processing on a number of SAS variables. You can also set up temporary arrays to hold wodcing values that you would not want stored in a data set, or to hold constant values. This paper will begin with a simple introduction to arrays: what they are good for, what they cannot do, and how to set one up. From there, we will discuss how to use them to group sets of SAS variables and to set up temporary wod< spaces. Fmally, we will discuss some more advanced features of arrays, including multidimensional arrays, array bounds, and related DATA STEP functions. This talk is intended for SAS users who have some experience with the DATA STEP, and little or no experience with arrays. Why Use Arrays? Sooner or later, everyone who· does DATA STEP programming encounters a situation where a group of variables must be processed in the same way |
array, dataset, array bounds, variable, variable list, temporary array, do loop, proc step, macro variable | source | 4 |
| 120 | Introduction to FRAME Entries in SAS/AF Software | John C. Boling | dataset, return, conditional do loop, response variable, date variable | source | 8 | |
| 121 | Issues in User Data Access and Reporting | Becky Smith, Emily P. Wallace, Art Conklin |
Users are relying on computers to help them become more 5elf sufficient in getting their job done. They want to extract information from the company's enterprise systems with minimum intervention from the Information Systems (IS) staff. The solution to empowering these users and eliminating the impact on your enterprise databases is to provide them with access to a separate data repository of infonnation to use for business intelligence purposes. This paper examines the role of the SAS System, specifically SAS/ACCESS software and SAS/CONNECT software, in building a data warehouse of decision support information in a client/server environment. To illustrate the power of the SAS System, we explore the use of SAS software in decision support and management information system applications at Aetna Health Plans (AHP), a business unit within Aetna Life and Casualty |
data dictionary, dataset, business intelligence, data warehouse | source | 8 |
| 122 | Karnaugh Maps, Interaction Effects and Creating Composite Dummy Variables for Regression Analysis in SAS Software | Lawrence C. Marsh, Karin Wells |
Using multiple sets of dummy (binary or indicator) variables in a sin~le regression may lead to substantial multicollinearity problems especially when providing for interaction effects. For example, agriculmral output may be affected by type of soil, method of soil preparation, type of seed, type of fertilizer, metJ:1od of weed and insect control, and other discrete factors that may involve significant interaction effects. This paper demonstrates how to use SAS 1 programnring to completely elinrinate these multicollinearity problems while at the same time fully providing for all possible interaction effects among the characteristics represented by all of the original sets of dummy variables. In addition, we apply this approach to the dependent variable in a regression model explaining the joint decision of multiple decision makers | binary variable, interaction effect, proc step, proc freq, regression analysis, correlation, likelihood function, response variable, predictor variable | source | 10 |
| 123 | Let's Wrap for a While! A SAS Macro to Output Text | Faith Reneé Sloan | A request from a client to output text fields to a SAS report and have it look pretty and readable is a rather common request. More times than not, we need to coerce a seemingly enormous amount of text into a pre-defined report column. The problem with simply using a "PUT" statement or a PROC PRINT is that we end up with ' sloppy' output due to word endings being truncated at the most inopportune times. Here is a macro that was designed to make this task easier by giving you more control in formatting your text output |
proc print, macro call | source | 1 |
| 124 | Macro Development and Centralization: A Modular Data-Driven Approach | M. Kumar Sagar | This paper addresses the issue of developing centralized macro libraries. The traditional approach of developing macros is discussed to illustrate the current process and its weaknesses. Macros generated by the traditional approach are inherently less generic and more hard-coded in nature, coupled with the loss of flexibility and structure over time. The new approach, titled Modular Data-Driven Macro Development (MDMD), counters these weaknesses as well as imparts new strengths and structure to the pro gramming process by means of the modular and data driven construction. The modular construction aims at segregating the generic and the specific code into separate modules. As far as the data-driven aspect goes, both the generic macros and the sub-macros are designed such that they are data independent. It is hoped that this approach will help SAS programmers to be more productive and efficient | macro call, proc sort, sample, phase i, proc step, macro facility | source | 6 |
| 125 | MACRO Facility Enhancements for Release 6.11 | Jeffrey A. Polzin, Susan M. O'Connor |
This paper summarizes the major changes and enhancements that have been added to the macro facility of the SAS System in Release 6.11, These macro enhancements are experimental in Release 6.11. Examples of these enhancements will be given in the paper. Additionally, sample macro examples are available for access using SAS institute's Internet gateway | macro variable, dataset, macro function, macro definition, macro put, macro facility, automatic macro variable, decimal, call symput, sas log, %sysevalf, error message, sas function, put statement, run, character variable, missing value, numeric variable, sample | source | 10 |
| 126 | Macroitis - A Virus or a Drug | Margaret K. Schrempf | In early May 1994, the disease which had been infiltrating SAS programs for more than a decade was finally identified. Named Macroitis, the disease was classified, with results of preliminary research being presented at SUGI 19 in Dallas. Since the discovery and initial analysis, the original research team has not only identified a possible cure but is now well advanced in Phase II clinical trials. In addition, guidelines are being drawn up to help the afflicted achieve the appropriate balance of good macro coding while avoiding Macroitis. This paper will deal with the results obtained from the clinical trials. It will also propose a drug free therapy designed to avoid the disease altogether. Including coding standards and validation methodologies, the therapy also deals with the adverse effects of Macro Deprivation Syndrome | data cleaning, clinical trial, proc step | source | 5 |
| 127 | Mainframe to Windows in a Snap: Moving a SAS Application Among Operating Platforms | Beth Witmer, Daniel Dower |
This paper discusses how a mainframe based forecasting application was converted to a local area network (LAN) based system within the Windows environment. A forecasting system at AMP Incorporated was moved off the mainframe and is now accessed through a LAN-based Windows application using the SAS System for Windows. First, an overview of the forecasting system is presented, including why there was a need to convert it to a personal computer (PC) application. Next, the details of converting the system from the mainframe to the PC are covered, including the front end Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) that are popular with Microsoft Windows applications. Advantages from both a user perspective and a system perspective conclude the paper | proc step, proc download, libname statement | source | 5 |
| 128 | Maintaining Blinding in the Presence of Blocking and Identifiable Treatments | Sharon Barker | In planning for a clinical trial, it is common to study several different concentrations of a particular compound and often placebo is included as a control. A particular trial involved studying three active dose groups and placebo, The active dose groups being considered had the characteristic that the tablet sizes were a function of the dose of active drug. That is, the higber the dose of the compound, the larger the tablet. Potentially, Ibis may become a problem in keeping the investigator blinded to what treatment the patient is taking. SAS software has been used to investigate different ways of assigning a single dummy tablet to active and placebo treatments to preserve the treatment blind | randomization, clinical trial | source | 3 |
| 129 | Managing Information Access and Updates | Daryl R. Hoffman | audit trail, proc step, data cleaning | source | 6 | |
| 130 | Managing Information for the Delivery of Quality Health Care | Greg Rodgers, Sarah Luker, Glen McBride, Glen Buckner, Carey Boldenow |
The one-trillion-dollar health care industry is the latest major US industry to experience dramatic changes in the way business is run. The reinventing of health care brings a great many challenges for controlling the costs, and improving quality of the delivery of care. At the heart of this change is the health Care organization's ability to successfully implement information technology as the key enabler. Organizations are discovering the importance of managing a successful infonnation technology strategy in a complex, changing health care environment. In this paper, we explore the major trends in the health care industry today and the role of information and technology. Next, we discuss how the SAS System provides information delivery solutions, concentrating on specific application areas | case management, business intelligence | source | 8 |
| 131 | Managing Information Overload with InfoTap Software | Bryan Wolfe | The amount of information available to your business today is staggering and increasing on a daily basis. More and more information is available online from both external and internal sources. Numerous electronic news wires and databases are now available to provide real-time or histori cal information related to your business. The typical busi· ness generates large amounts of reports, memos, E-mail and other electronic documents. These documents repre sent valuable corporate intellectual property. It has been estimated that over 90 percent of this online information is in textual form. Almost all businesses main tain databases of key inlormation, but the traditional data· base management systems used in most cases are not suited to textual data. The vast majority of this online data is not readily accessible. Accessing the information hidden in this mass of textual data requires specialized tools | source | 4 | |
| 132 | Matching Observations on Both Continuous and Categorical Variables: A Simple Application of the FASTCLUS Procedure | Manuel Lombardero | Data analysts in the area of biomedical research often need to match observations from tv/o different data sets according to one or more factors. The data handling capabilities of BASE SAS provide the analyst with flexible tools that facilitate the matching of observations, even when this matching prooess is complicated by the presence of a large number of matching factors, or by the inclusion of continuous variables among the matching factors. However, when perfect matches cannot be attained, observations may need to be matched on the basis of how close they are, and not just on whether they are identical. This report presents a SAS macro that finds perfect matches when they exist, and otherwise it finds the closest matches available. This macro relies primarily on the FASTCLUS procedure which regards observations as points in a multi-dimensional space. The use of the macro is illustrated by means of examples, and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed |
proc step, interval variable, sas base, proc fastclus, regression analysis, binary variable | source | 6 |
| 133 | Maximum Likelihood Estimation with PROC NLP and SAS IML Software | Wolfgang Hartmann, James J. Ashton |
maximum likelihood estimation, likelihood function, proc step | source | 7 | |
| 134 | Memory Management Mysteries of the SAS System for PCs | Julie A. Maddox | PC operating systems have primarily evolved around user interface enhance ments and memory management improve ments due to computer chip arch~ectural advances. These technological advances have allowed application software to access greater amounts of memory. Even w~h these enhancements, large scale applica tions such as the SAS System place high demands on the memory available. This paper provides a summary of the PC mem ory management archttecture and an over view of how memory can be managed by the SAS System for optimal performance. This paper covers SAS system Release 6.10 on the Windows and OS/2 operating systems | proc genmod, memory usage | source | 6 |
| 135 | Modeling Variation in Repeated Measures Data | Ramon C. Littell | Statistical analysis of repeated measures data has been a problem because of covariation among measurements on the same experimental unit. Until recently, analysis techniques available in computer software only permitted the user to ignore or avoid covariance structure rather than incorporate it into the statistical model. Ignoring covariance structure results in erroneous inference and avoiding it results in suboptimal inference. The MIXED procedure provides a rich selection of modeling structures through the RANDOM and REPEATED statements. Examples will illustrate how to choose a covariance structure, and the effects on significance tests and confidence intervals |
covariance, correlation, proc calis, covariance structure, proc mixed, proc step, estimate, proc glm, proc genmod | source | 5 |
| 136 | Most Effective Use of PROC GMAP: Design and Programming for Professional-grade Statistical Maps | LeRoy Bessler | macro loop, proc step | source | 10 | |
| 137 | Multi-project Development and Multi-program Execution: Client/Server Computing | Joseph Wang, David Postma, Walter Grech |
In August, 1993, the multi-program execution mechanism was implemented for the SAS Server project (paper #115 of SUGI 19) at the Upjohn Company for a major drug project to prepare statistical tables for NDA submission. Due to the success, we are expanding the SAS Server to handle all drug projects using the same SAS programming environment. This paper is intended for system developers who want to move SAS applications from a mainframe to a Microsoft Windows Client/UNIX Server environment. It covers | dataset, sas log, macro definition, proc step, sas programming, macro variable | source | 9 |
| 138 | Multimedia in SAS Applications | Ken Ellis | This paper describes the multimedia offerings that will be available with Release 6.11 of the SAS System. The first section of the paper describes the SASIAF" Video Player Class. The Video Player Class allows users to embed digital video and audio directfy within FRAME based applications. A detailed first look at the Video Player _Class methods is included in this section. The next section of the paper describes the Video Editor found in the SASIGRAPH" Video Extensions. The Video Editor allows users to edit multiple video and audio clips in a non-linear domain. A basic understanding of SASIAF and Screen Control Language (SeL) is assumed in the programming examples. The reader should also be familia( with the basic concepts of digital video and audio. However, the paper introdUces key topics including the supported video formats. non-linear editing, and compositing | sas base, file statement | source | 4 |
| 139 | Multinomial Logit Models | Ying C. So, Warren F. Kuhfeld |
Multinomial logit models are used to model relation ships between a polytomous response variable and a set of regressor variables. The term "multinomial logit model" includes, in a broad sense, a variety of models. The cumulative logit model is used when the response of an individual unit is restricted to one of a finite number of ordinal values. Generalized logit and conditional logit models are used to model consumer choices. This article focuses on the sta tistical techniques for analyzing discrete choice data and discusses fitting these models using SAS/STA"f software |
source | 8 | |
| 140 | MultiVendor Architecture - Supporting Feature Rich Platforms with a Uniformly Architected System | Mark W. Cates | Multivendor Architecture (MY A TM) is the foundation of the cross-platfonn portability and interoperability of the SAS System, Version 6. This architecrure provides customers with hardware independence and a flexible implementation. In 1993 alone, the Institute's MV A strategy delivered the SAS System on an unprecedented thirteen operating systems. However, with continued divergent development of operating system software in areas such as the graphical user interface, graphic and print driver managers, hypertext viewers, editors, and other services that are integral to the operating system, users are faced with a dilemma: They can develop well integrated applications on individual operating systems, or concentrate on applications that are less well integrated into specific platfonns, but port easily and unifonnly to many operating environments | proc sql, data step | source | 7 |
| 141 | MVS Data Set Allocation - What Can Be Done From Within SAS | Walter H. Hufford Jr. | A Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) data set must be allocated before it can be used during a SAS session. The MVS operating system provides two command languages, Job Control Language (JCL) and Time Sharing Option (TSO), which can be used to allocate data sets. JCL allocates data sets during batch mode processing, while TSO allocates data sets during interactive processing. The SAS system also provides tools capable of allocating data sets within the MVS environment. In fact, the SAS tools LIBNAME and FILENAME are better suited than their JCL and TSO counterparts to allocate data sets that will be used during a SAS session. This article provides examples of allocating new and existing data sets in the MVS environment, and shows how allocating a data set using a SAS tool is more efficient than allocating using either a JCL statement or a TSO command |
dataset, filename statement, libname statement, macro definition | source | 4 |
| 142 | New Electronic Services Offered by SAS Institute's Technical Support Division | Janice R. Kolb, John Hansen |
The Technical Support Division now offers two new electronic support services available to SAS software installations. These two new features, in addition to the other electronic services announced at sum 17, offer a full range of electronic support services. The new electronic support services available are: SAS Notes E-mail server SAS Institute World Wide Web Site The other electronic services introduced at sum 17 are: * SAS Institute Bulletin Board Systems | note | source | 7 |
| 143 | Object-Oriented Programming with the SAS/AF FRAME Entry: CANDA Experiences | Barry R. Cohen | The FRAME entry enables a sophisticated graphic user interface in applications by providing graphic screen objects that are manipulated using object oriented programming techniqnes. The GUI is briefly defined, including explanation for why it provides a superior interactive environment. The basic concepts of OOP are then presented, including a concrete OOP example. Explanation is given for why OOP is so effective for programming interactive applications with a GUI. The SASI AF FRAME entry is then introduced, with comments about its use in CANOA system development. More broadly, this paper is about the value of SAS/AF with the FRAME entry to development of interactive applications in general. It is an outgrowth of my experience using the SASI AF FRAME entry for CANDA development in the SAS for Windows environment |
sample, sas base, data science | source | 9 |
| 144 | Obtaining and Verifying Optimal Designs for Nonlinear Regression Models Using SAS Software | Timothy E. O'Brien | This paper shows how the NUN procedure of the SAS@ System and the GPLOT procedure of SAS/GRAPH can be used to find and verify D-optimal, subset, or Bayesian D· optimal designs for univariate nonlinear regression models (possibly with heteroskedastic errors). This algorithm uses the General Equivalence Theorem, and has been applied to numerous datasets taken from the applied literature |
proc step, proc nlin, regression analysis, predictor variable, proc gplot | source | 6 |
| 145 | ODBC: Windows to the Outside World | S. David Riba | proc sql, excel | source | 10 | |
| 146 | Optimal Distribution of Army Officers with SAS/OR Software | Douglas L. McAllaster | This paper provides a comprehensive | proc step, dataset | source | 6 |
| 147 | Partnerships at Work | Karin Edwards, Cheryl Walker |
The Bank of Montreal and SAS Institute (Canada) Inc. have collaborated 00 the development of an IS system which supports the sales and executive arm of the Co!porate and Institutional Financial Services Group. Key coosiderations of the project, from both the business user and development/support perspectives, included: Business User Intuitive Graphical Interface Cost Effective Faster Development Cycles Systelll< Development/SUWOrt Modular DesignlExtensibility Solid Data Warehouse FOWldatioo Platform IndependencelPortability Better Use of Existing Progrannning Resources Data Driven!Reduced Maintenance Solid PerfO!IlJ3llce Stability | proc sql, macro variable | source | 5 |
| 148 | Path Analysis with the CALIS Procedure: A Step-By-Step Approach to Writing the Program | Larry Hatcher | This paper illustrates a simple, structured approach for writing PROC CALIS programs that perform path analysis with manifest (observed) variables. The process begins with the development of a program figure: a figure that graphically illustrates the researcher's theoretical model and identifies the parameters to be estimated. This program figure is then converted into a PROG CALIS program that represents the model as a series of equations. A set of 14 rules guides these tasks |
covariance, response variable, predictor variable, proc calis, proc step | source | 4 |
| 149 | PCs and SAS Software Applied to Public Health Surveillance | Philip J. d'Almada | Since the cholera epidemic of 1854 in London. England, public health surveillance has incorporated the latest in technological advances. Information technology, in the form of SASiII software. release 6.04, and lap· top personal computers, has led to the development of the Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Applications Facility (FASAF) which was used in the surveillance of foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FASAF is an application product that allows end-users with minimal knowledge of SAS to create and maintain SAS relational data sets. FASAF features dats entry quality control through warning messages and either on-screen or "pop-up" 'help' windows using SASIFSP software and Screen Control Language (SCl). Characterised by a menuing system using SASfAf software and SCl. FASAF can interact with a dBASE 1\1 Plus "stand-alone" product. ANTHRO. to compute and save various paediatric anthropometric measures in the same SAS database | dataset, catalog, call symput, catalog entry, proc freq, proc step, macro variable | source | 7 |
| 150 | Performance Tester | Jerry E. Plaatje | Have you ever had the occasion to design and build an interactive application only to find the response time lacking? Application users today expect quick response to their queries. Timely delays in returning information may cause you to quickly discard an application that would otherwise have been a useful tooL Display 1 Welcome Window | regression analysis, data visualization | source | 4 |
| 151 | Plots for Influential and Poorly Fitting Covariate Patterns in the LOGISTIC Procedure | Mark Moss, William C. Murphy |
Logistic regression is a popular tool among epidemiologists and other data analysts and while the SAS~ system is widely used, few investigators make use of the readily available plots that assess model fit. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the steps necessary to generate these plots. We provide a brief | logistic distribution, regression analysis, logistic regression, proc step, proc logistic | source | 6 |
| 152 | Plotting Confidence Intervals and Prediction Bands with SAS/GRAPH Software | Huixing Tang, Kerril S. Bauerly, David Swift |
This paper presents a method for generating a regression plot with shaded confidence intervals and prediction bands using SAS/GRAPH~ software. The method involves running regression analysis with PROC REG to generate predjcted values, confidence intervals and prediction bands, and using PROC Sal to compute the mean of the observed values at each level of the predictor variable. PROC GPLOT is used to generate the graph with different shaded areas to display the confidence intervals and prediction bands along with the predicted and observed values |
confidence interval, proc step, regression analysis, proc reg, predictor variable, proc gplot | source | 3 |
| 153 | Point and Click Your Way Through DB2 Data (or SAS Data, or ORACLE Data, or ) Efficiently! | Michelle Buchecker | The Sal Query window is a point and click interface that enables you to easily access your data. As a component of SASIASSIST software, it provides a syntax-free way of writing code and producing reports. You can also create new SAS data sets, both SAS data files and SAS data views, to be used later. In this paper, working on a Microsoft Windows platform, you'll see how to join MVS DB2 tables without having to know the column names in advance. You'll also see how to create SAS data sets from the results and store those data on a Windows or MVS platform | proc sql, dataset, where statement, create table, relational database | source | 5 |
| 154 | Power Tools for Visualization of Information | Ali Dogrusoz, Nitin S. Patel, Ronald E. Stogner |
The sheer volume of data now confronting the scientist or analyst has grown to a point where traditional tools have been rendered obsolete. To glean subtle trends that might be hidden in the mass of multivariate data demands the usage of new tools designed to handle these situations. This paper will describe the functionality of SASISPECTRAVIEW software and how it can be used for visualization of data. This paper will also discuss new possibilities in three dimensional visualization and interaction with data using VisualSpace software | interest rate, sample, data science | source | 5 |
| 155 | Prevent Pane - Moving from MENU &PROGRAM Entries to FRAME Entries | Loretta Golby, Serge Dupuis |
New releases of SAS software provide greater flexibility for the application developer. No one can argue the merits of moving to Screen Control Language(SCL) from the triple pound macros found in Release 5.18. This time, the transition from program entries to FRAME entries requires modification to both user screens and SCL source code. This paper is intended for the developer supporting applications in Release 6.06 who wish to take advantage of what Release 6.08 and later have to offer. This paper focuses on moving a MENU entry to FRAME icons, changing a BLOCK program entry to push buttons, and moving from drill-down EXTENDED tables to multiple extended tables on one screen | proc step, conditional do loop | source | 5 |
| 156 | Printing the Contents of Macro Symbol Tables | Derek Drummond | For years, macro programmers have wanted a function that has been available to DATA STEP programmers: the equivalent of a PUT ALL statement for macro variables. Version 7 promises many thi~gs including the ability to dump the macro symbol tables. But, for the many users who cannot wait for Version 7, there is a way to accomplish much at the same functionality using little k.nown consequences of features currently in Version 6. This paper will show how to dump the macro symbol tables using Version 6.08 of the SAS language |
symbol table, macro variable, local symbol table, put statement, global symbol table, macro put | source | 2 |
| 157 | Printing with the SAS System under OS/2 or Windows - It's a Snap | Jeffrey M. Abolafia, Sally M. Muller |
sas output, options statement | source | 8 | |
| 158 | PROC REPORT: An Introduction to the Batch Language | Ray Pass | proc report, proc step, sample, proc print | source | 10 | |
| 159 | PROC TRANSPOSE and "Double Transpose " | Erik W. Tilanus | PRoe TRANSPOSE is controlled by three specification statements. Their contents can be determined by answering three simple questions. After presenting the principles of PROC TRANSPOSE, a method is described to transpose two arrays of variables like X1-X20 and Y1-Y20 into mo variables X and Y. This is called a -doUble transpose' |
proc transpose, proc step | source | 2 |
| 160 | Proportional Fonts with SAS Software - Yes You Can! | John W. Laing | These days, with the proliferation of graphical user interfaces, producing presentation-quality reports is becoming a required feature for any software tool This paper will illustrate a technique for creating this type of report from 8AS p~ocedures. by using the 8AS macro language to insert text fonnattlUg codes mto TITLE and FOOTNOTE statements. The code shown in the paper assumes a PCLTM 5-compatible printer such as the Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4, but the method of inserting printer control codes should be the same no matter which printer is used. A technique for using FSFORMS to control the output on the printer will also be shown, as well as drawing attractive boxes around tabular output in both the OSJ2and Windows environments | macro variable, macro definition, options statement, macro facility | source | 7 |
| 161 | Reducing LAN Traffic for SAS Data Sets: The Skinny File Approach | Richard D. Langston, Meade Morgan |
This paper describes an approach used by the Centers for Disease Control to reduce the LAN traffic on a group of very large SAS data sets. This approach, implemented as an engine using SASfTOOlKIT Software, involves dividing a single SAS data set into many single-variable data sets. The user specifies which variables to access, and the engine handles the building of program data vectors consisting of only those variables. Also, each single-variable 'skinny file' can be further reduced in size using various compression techniques. Thus the engine allows for a very significant reduction in disk usage, network traffic and throughput time | dataset, cpu time, traffic data, keep statement, proc step | source | 3 |
| 162 | Reengineering the Applications Development Process | Ellen Joyner, Lee Edwards |
As companies search for ten times versus ten percent levels of process improvement, more and more corporations are turning to business process reengineering as a methodology for accomplishing those gains. While engaging in reengineering, companies have discovered the important role that application development and . client/server computing play in providing the portability and flexibility that is necessary for IT improvements. These discoveries have caused many companies to reevaluate their current IT and application development environments in order to become more efficient and effective. In this paper, we first will explore some of the problems many companies have encountered when using a more traditional approach to IT and using their current application development process. Next, we will discuss some new and more productive and effective approaches to applications development and how the SAS System has been designed to address this more efficient approach | batch job, flat file | source | 4 |
| 163 | Reinventing the Pie Chart: Improved and Reliable Communication for This Popular Business Chart | LeRoy Bessler | horizontal bar chart, bar chart | source | 6 | |
| 164 | Resampling Using the SAS System | Kelly Hood, Sylvia Miller |
This paper shows how to calculate jackknife and bootstrap estimates using the SAS System By us ing some simple DATA STEP manipulations and by tak ing advantage of the SAS Macro facility, it is fairly simple to calculate these estimates for complex data sets |
sample, bootstrap, macro definition, proc means, proc step | source | 6 |
| 165 | Reusable, Extendable, Maintainable, and Reliable Application Development: Using Software Intelligence to Build an EIS with only SAS and SAS/GRAPH Software | LeRoy Bessler | autocall macro, macro definition, macro conditional | source | 8 | |
| 166 | Robust Analysis Adds M-uscle to Data Analyses | E. Charlene Drago, Tom Filloon |
We often analyze data sets which are heavy-tailed or contain extreme values that cause one to be suspicious of least squares analyses. Using M-estimation (via an iteratively reweighted least squares approach), we have been able to resolve this dilemma. Integrating SAS/IML code with SAS/STAT procedures. we show how to perform "robusf' analyses for both 1-way ANOVA and simple linear regression. * This approach/code is easily modified to handle any general linear models setting (ANCOVA, 2-way ANOVA, inverse regression for ED50- like calculations, etc.). Most importantly, all of these "robusf' results can be obtained via standard PROC GLM (or PROC REG) output This weighted least squares |
proc calis, anova, proc genmod, regression analysis, proc glm, one-way anova, estimate, proc step, proc reg, covariance, robust estimator | source | 6 |
| 167 | Safety on Our Roads | Christopher Walker, John Sliogeris |
proc step, dataset | source | 4 | |
| 168 | SAS ARRAYS: A Basic Tutorial | Bruce F. Gilsen | array, temporary array, dataset, do loop, numeric variable, missing value, array bounds, sample, drop statement | source | 10 | |
| 169 | SAS Macros Useful in Imputing Missing Survey Data | Barbara Lepidus Carlson, Brenda Cox, Linda Bandeh |
After survey data are collected, data items for which no response was given must be dealt with. In one commonly used procedure, hot deck imputation, a value from an item respondent is donated to a similar item nonrespondent for whom the value is missing. Using this procedure, nonresponse bias can be minimized for point estimates produced from the imputation-revised data set, and the underlying distribution of responses can be maintained. This paper describes algorithms for carrying out the steps necessary for the hot deck imputation procedure. The first two sets of algorithms relate to how initial values can be assigned for the hot deck and how the data can be sorted prior to the imputation procedure. The third set of algorithms comprise the hot deck procedure itself. SASe code is provided for the three procedures | imputation, class variable, missing value, macro variable, by group processing, sample, proc step, binary variable, proc freq, macro conditional, sample weight, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 170 | SAS Software and the Evolution of an Information Delivery System | Hugh G. McCabe | This paper describes the use of the SAS System by a nationally accredited managed care organization to meet its ad hoc reporting and decision support needs. The paper will provide executives with an example of how an organization can use the SAS System to manage the problems aSSOCiated With diversity in its data sources, applications, computing environments, and user requirements. Discussion will focus on the evolution of methods to deliver information in the organization during the last six years, and current work on the development of a corporate data warehouse. Emphasis will be placed on the conceptual framework for infonnation delivery and the emergence of the data warehouse in the data base management industry | data wrangling, data warehouse | source | 5 |
| 171 | SAS/AF Frames under Windows: Images, Sound, and Action | Serge Dupuis | The SAS System for the Microsoft Windows environment has the capability of embedding Windows objects such- as images, sound objects and video clips as well as SAS/GRAPH objects within a SAS/AF FRAME. This tutorial describes how to use these objects to build a SAS/AF application and how to build a graphics drill-down application using available Screen Control Language{SCL) routines. The tutorial is targeted for application builders who wish to enhance user friendly front-ends on their systems |
vertical bar chart, bar chart | source | 5 |
| 172 | SAS/AF Software - Pushing the Limit: Implementing a Complex Graphical Data Entry Screen Using the FRAME Entry | David Waldron, E. Jaderlund, M. J. O'Nuska III |
The Form gO-A, adapted from the Form 90 developed for Project MATCH (1993). is an interviewer-completed, calendar-based survey instrument designed to assess client alcohol consumption. The SAS/AF FRAME environment of the SAS system was used to develop a graphical user interface for data entry, using object-oriented techniques to facilitate development and modification time. Due to the level of complexity involved, development of the calendar structure proved to tax the abilities of the SAS/AF environment. The calendar consists of thirty-seven Container Boxes with Graphic Texts. Limiting the boxes to display only the dates was necessary to allow the application to run; the difficulty was then in programming, since Test AF was not able to execute the application while PROC BUILD was active. Initial testing with real situations have shown SAS/AF to be an effective data entry solution. Users have reported a vastly improved ease of data entry |
dataset, proc step | source | 6 |
| 173 | SAS/GRAPH Odds and Ends; Little Things That Make a Big Difference | Arthur L. Carpenter | SAS/GRAPH is very flexible and at times it can be very frustrating. Often it seems that those little things that ought to be the easiest take the longest to 'get right'. This paper will deal with an eclectic set of topics that sometimes cause confusion and difficulties. It is not unusual that the little things, the topics that should be easy, take the longest to code, and that a little hint or a trick is what is needed. Topics will include: options for text handling in titles, footnotes, and labels AXIS statement options to dress up a scatter plot SYMBOL statements options and how they are accessed GREPLA Y and TEMPLATES to display banner titles This entry level presentation is designed for those users of SAS/GRAPH that are able to generate a graph, but have difficulty getting it to look the way that they want it (or the way the boss wants it) |
proc step, cluster analysis | source | 6 |
| 174 | SAS: The Complete Solution for Medical Data Analysis | Diane E. Brown | With health care costs out of control, the importance of health care information is crucial to making apropriate revisions in the health care system. A wealth of information is held by large insurance companies, but it is often stored in large databases in a format that is hard to use for analysis and reporting. This paper discusses an application that was built for employer groups, physicianlhospital organizations, and insurance companies to analyze health care data for purposes of fraud and abuse, benefit reengineering, identification of preventive health care programs, identification of case management areas, competitive pricing, and provider profiling. Technical features of this system include a relational SAS data base, SAS reporting and analysis, and a SAS/AF front end. The SAS data base contains claims tables which are indexed and several look up files to support medical coding systems and provider information |
insurer, insurance claims | source | 6 |
| 175 | SELECT ITEMS FROM PROC.SQL WHERE ITEMS > BASICS | Alan Dickson, Ray Pass |
proc sql, proc step, dataset, select, group by, order by, by group processing, where statement, proc print | source | 10 | |
| 176 | Settling Domestic Disputes with Designed Experiments and JMP | Lucia A. Ward-Alexander, Melvin T. Alexander |
One day Mel and Lucia had an argument over the quickest route to drive between their home and a nearby shopping center. Mel suggested that statistics could be used to settle the argument. However, Lucia felt the issue was too complicated to be resolved using statistics because of the numerous factors affecting travel time. Mel countered that argument by pointing out that a statistically designed experiment could be used to settle the issue conclusively. This paper will show how SAS software (in particular JMP) assisted the couple in answering the key questions posed by the argument. An important lesson learned from this exercise was: statistical thinking not only works well in science, business, medicine, and industry, but it can also improve domestic relationships | one-way anova, anova, dataset | source | 8 |
| 177 | Show Them What's Important: Design and Construct Tables, Lists, Reports, and Other Displays for Effective Communication | LeRoy Bessler | Too much information is itself the biggest barrier to information delivery/absorption. Pulitzer's first rule for journalists was: "Put it before them briefly so they will read it." This is a tutorial about design and construction of data presentation for effective communication; The tutorial explains and shows how to emphasize, order, rank, and subset information, and how to handle the viewer's concerns when presenting partial information. Though my original intention had been to discuss only tabular presentation of data, graphic techniques for showing what's important are illustrated as well. Many of the design principles require no special programming tricks. For others, the tutorial provides working SAS' macros, readily usable for your data presentation applications. Make It Easy To Read Unless you have no other way to emphasize a word or string of text, never use all upper case. Mixed upper and lower case is the printed communication standard | horizontal bar chart, bar chart | source | 8 |
| 178 | Simplifying NDA Programming with PROC SQL | Aileen L. Yam | proc sql, adverse events, proc means, select, macro call, proc step, group by, order by, standard deviation, create table, macro variable | source | 7 | |
| 179 | SOL Joins - The Long and the Short of it | Paul Kent | This talk discusses joining tables with PROC SQL. When joining small tables one can just "go with the defaults" and not worry about performance~ these defaults do not always scale well to large tables. The issue is clouded even further when one or more of the tables reside in an external DBMS. Understanding the choices made by the PROC SQL query optimiser helps people decide on a course of action they might embark on to improve the join performance of their queries. This talk presents useful information on the SQL Query Optimiser, and includes cases studies that demonstrate a * 'cookbook" strategy for improving SQL Join performance. Joins The conceptual model of an SQLjoin is easy to understand. Simply compute all combinations of the rows from the contributing datasets and then eliminate the rows that don't "match" the WHERE clause. This allows users to specify what they want in the SQL query, without becoming overly involved in how to get it |
proc sql, proc step, create table, where statement, cross join, create view, in=, data merging, unique key | source | 10 |
| 180 | Some Clever Things to Do with User Defined INFORMATS | Ronald P. Cody | missing value, proc step, proc format, input statement, if-then-else, proc freq | source | 6 | |
| 181 | SPC OnLINE-Automated System (OASYS) | Michael Renella, Michael R. Gibson, Amy Vicioso, Christy Garrison |
dataset, if-then-else | source | 7 | |
| 182 | SQL Query Window | Michelle Buchecker | Do you want to create listing or summary reports? Create new variables? Create new SAS data sets? Combine SAS data sets and sort the data? Simultaneously? This Sal Query Window Hands-On Workshop teaches you how to accomplish these tasks in a point-and-click or tab-and-press-ENTER environment, regardless of operating system. The Sal Query window is new to SASfASSIST software starting with Release 6.08. No prior Structured Query Language (Sal) knowledge is needed | sas output, where statement, group by, proc sql, order by, dataset, options statement | source | 10 |
| 183 | System Development - Financial/Operational Database | Charles Longua, Steve Hansen |
This project involves the development of a financial I operational database and executive information system for a property and casualty insurance company. Underlying the corporate planning process is the need for an historical decision support database. This data base contains financial I operational management information needed to quantify the results of planned actions and to support the development of a quantified business plan. The flow of information outlined in the following is being developed as an Executive Information System project, utilizing various SAS" Software products, designed to provide executive management with timely and accurate management information. Access to this operational flow of information will enhance executive managemenfs ability to monitor, identify, and prioritize business issues as they relate to the underwriting statement of income of a property and casualty insurance company | property and casualty, casualty insurance, sas base, insurer, loss component, management reporting | source | 7 |
| 184 | Taking Advantage of the SAS System Release 6.11 for Personal Computers | Carol Williams Rigsbee | This paper describes enhancements to the SAS System for Release 6.11 that utilize the features. available with Microsoft Windows and OS/2. Interapplication operability through OLE 2.0, ODBC and the continuing support for electronic mail through products such as Microsoft Mail and Lotus Notes are discussed. An overview of new user inter face features such as the new Libraries dialog is presented | excel, sample, proc step | source | 7 |
| 185 | Techniques for Efficiently Accessing and Managing Data | Steven A. Wilson | This paper explores a number of SAS System data management and coding techniques for improving efficiency. After efficiency is defined and a number basic efficiency techniques are listed, some SAS System features - are discussed from an efficiency viewpoint These features include PROC SOL, SAS data set compressing, the Stored Program Facility, and SAS Views |
proc step, dataset, elapsed time, view, proc print, macro facility, macro definition, character variable, proc sort, where statement, stored macro, dictionary tables, format statement, sas library, sas programmer, %if-%then-%else, proc sql | source | 10 |
| 186 | The ACCESS Procedure from a Batch Perspective | George Matthews | As an avid user of PROC DBF in the SASe System for PCs, I was somewhat dismayed, when I migrated to SASe for Windows, !bat this procedure would no longer be available. Although SASe Institute has since made this procedure available to licensed users of the SAS/ACCESS product, this paper takes a look at the benefits of utilizing the SAS/ ACCESS product to access PC File Formats in batch mode. The techniques for defining the access and view descriptors, for PC Files created with the following Windows products: Microsoft Excet, Paradox· t and Borland Dbase-, will be examined. Also, the flexibility of the descriptor files in comparison to the previous methods of accessing PC Files will be discussed |
proc step, variable, excel | source | 3 |
| 187 | The AXIS Statement: Your Ally for Controlling Graphic Text | Arthur L. Carpenter | One of the strengths of SAS/GRAPH" that you can easily take advantage of is the control that is available for the presentation of lettering and symbols in the titles and labels associated with a plot's axis. The AXIS statement is especially useful when precise control is needed. The AXIS statement need not be hard to use. However because many of the options are structured differently than in other statements, some users do find it difficult to get the AXIS statement to do what they want. This paper will provide an introduction to the AXIS statement, its more common options, and some examples of how they can be used. Options and features are available that can turn an ordinary axis into one that becomes an integral part of the graphic. Text options include: text can be enhanced by changing the fonts, color, and size. text can be rotated and moved to various positions on the graphic. The AXIS statement can also be used to control the appearance of the axes of a chart or plot |
sysdate9, proc freq | source | 5 |
| 188 | The Business Case for SAS/PH-Clinical CANDA | William Accomando, Joel M. Hoffman, Robert J. Moore |
source | 3 | ||
| 189 | The DATA Step Debugger | William F. Heffner, Mark V. Schaffer |
Release 6.11 of base SAS software contains a full-screen, source-level debugger for the DATA STEP. This paper is an introductory discussion of the debugger's capabilities |
input statement, sas log, put statement, label statement, infile statement, proc step, macro definition | source | 8 |
| 190 | The Fast Track to Error-Checking Multiple Similar Screen Variables in a SAS/AF Report Generator | Todd C. Folsom | do loop, data cleaning | source | 2 | |
| 191 | The Intricate Organization and Management of Clinical Research Laboratory Samples Using SAS/AF | Jacqueline A. Wendel, Daniel Nosek |
The Core Laboratory of the General Clinical Research Center at the University of Rochester processes thousands of blood and urine samples to obtain data for different research studies. A system is needed to label, organize and track these samples in order to facilitate data analysis. The linkage of the three tasks allows for the most efficient means of data entry and analysis. The system must be able to fulfill the needs of the nursing personnel obtaining the samples, the lab personnel running tests on the samples and the investigators using the data to analyze and publish the results of their studies. An application was developed that mainly utilizes SAS/ AF", but is supplemented by SAS Screen Control Language and Macro Variables. It consists of three main subunits. The first generates the labels for the sample tubes. The second enters a record of these tubes into the lab log. The third subunit generates reports used to analyze the data | sample, clinical research, data governance, macro variable, data science | source | 6 |
| 192 | The Multi-Platform Challenge: SAS Software for Windows and VMS without SAS/CONNECT Software | Daphne E. Ewing | In an era of downsizing and rightsizing in the corporate world, companies are also struggling with trying to save money. Each company has unique requirements and processing power. The real challenge is using it to it's potential. Using Base SAS and SAS/STAT on the VAXNMS platform with multiple users causes system performance degradation. With benchmarking done on a number of platforms, the decision was made to provide these users with PC's and SAS for Windows. Due to the nature of the business, data and source code had to be accessed and used from both platforms at any given time. This paper will address some of the key changes that had to be made to the source code such that the same code would run on both platforms. The data also had to be accessible from both piatfonns. This paper describes the system created to allow both platfonns to run the same programs with the same data files without using the SAS/CONNECT software |
macro loop, macro variable, macro definition, %if-%then-%else, dataset, sas output | source | 4 |
| 193 | The Other Five Percent - Writing SAS Code for Multiple Operating Systems | Ryan K. Carr, Daniel R. Bretheim |
macro variable, dataset, insurance claims, proc step, sample, %if-%then-%else, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 194 | The Pediatric Oncology Group Accessing Clinical Trial Data Across the Internet via a Bulletin Board System Using SAS/AF and SAS/FSP Software | Barbara Blum, Cynthia Hurle |
This paper describes how the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) Statistical Office is utilizing SAS/AF and SASIFSP to allow restricted access (via a UNIX based BBS with an ASCn interface, connected to the Internet) to patient data kept in SAS data sets |
clinical trial, macro definition, macro loop, stored macro, %if-%then-%else | source | 6 |
| 195 | The Quality Solutions Provided by an Automated Statistical Process Control System at Northrop Grumman Corporation | Lorraine Schacht, Donna O. Fulenwider, Bradley W. Klenz |
The Georgia Production Site of the Northrop Grumman Corporation produces aircraft assemblies. The manufacturing facility, located in Perry, Georgia, produces frames, doors, and subassemblies for the 747 fuselage as a supplier to The Boeing Commercial Airplane Group. Boeing identified a quality problem with the aircraft frames in early 1992. As a result, Northrop Grumman implemented Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques on 232 unique aircraft frames. Aircraft mechanics collected measurement data manually and a computer operator input the data into the SAS System· running on a mainframe computer. Analysts performed the SPC analysis off-line and provided the mechanics with the results, often after the frames had been shipped to the customer. Due to many insufficiencies with the manual SPC data collection and analysis system, Northrop Grumman decided to automate the effort using radio-frequency technology and the SAS System | proc freq, sas base, cell site | source | 5 |
| 196 | The SAS System and DB2: Making the Connection | Kathe Richards | How do you find your data, pull it out and put it together when you're a SAS programmer and the data has found a home in DB2? What's the difference between an Access Descriptor and a View Descriptor? And what does PROC SQL have to do with it? Here are tales from a SAS programmer who found answers to these and other questions when the data moved and the rest of us had to follow. A LITTLE mSTORY Back in the early days of computers, data lived with programs. Remember CARDS? And CARDS;? You took your program and your data, in the form of a stack of punched CARDS, over to the computation center, handed it to the guy behind the counter and waited -- maybe a day or two -- for your output, hoping that you hadn't made a keying error. As time and technology progressed, it became possible to construct your program using a terminal and a keyboard and store it somewhere inside the computer. You could store your data the same way, so more than one of your programs could read the same data |
proc sql, proc step, where statement, sas programmer | source | 8 |
| 197 | The SAS System and Physician Data | Daniel M. Plath, Gail Kirby |
Data at the physician level plays an integral part in the Decision Support work of the pharmaceutical industry. The sheer volume of data available and the often disparity between data sources provides many challenges for processing and analyzing these data. Historically, physician level data have resided on multiple platforms, further complicating processing. Both production applications and ad hoc systems have been developed using the SAS system to process and analyze physician level data. This paper will review the purposes of these systems, the functionality that they provide, and the capabilities of SAS in development and support | pharmaceutical industry, batch processing | source | 4 |
| 198 | The SAS System UNIX Primer: Some Highlights from End-User Documentation | Gregory S. Barnes Nelson | This docwnent introduces the SAS System UNIX Primer, which is a separate document that provides a basic overview of the SAS System running in the UNIX environment. The SAS System UNIX Primer: Using the SAS System under UNIX Operating Systems (Version 6) is a docwnent which accompanies a 3-hour course offered through UCNS as a public lecture/workshop. The material is based on Version 6 of the SAS System and is designed for supported UNIX operating systems. It introduces users at all levels to the concepts cr using SAS in the UNIX environment and should lead to an overall understanding of using the SAS System under the UNIX environment. It is particularly useful to those who have recently migrated to the UNIX operating system from DOS or Mainframe environments | advanced sas, macro definition | source | 4 |
| 199 | The SAS System: A Complete Client/Server Solution | Stephanie Reinard, Cheryl A. Garner |
source | 12 | ||
| 200 | The SQL Procedure and DB2: Coding without Confusion | Nancy Fictum | This paper iIIustrastes how to create an application lhat alloVl.S you to "cut" and "paste" PROC SOL code Vlhich uses lhe Pass Through Facility. The benents of lhis application are: It can be used on a corporate ""de basis for all DB2 tables. It addresses lhe problem of lhe 8 character SAS names vs. 18 character DB2 names. It runs in a batch environment. It eliminates LOTS of key strokes. * It's easy to implement and maintain so you can get a life again. The audience for lhis paper should understand lhe basic concepts of lhe Pass Through Facility and an SOL SELECT statement |
proc step, select, create table, batch job, flat file | source | 5 |
| 201 | The TlMELOG Tracking System Developed with SAS/AF Frame Technology | Donald L Penix Jr. | The planning and scheduling of project tasks and resources is an essential component of any successful organization. It is especially critical for companies that provide services on a contract basis. Analysis of the time to complete current projects will enable managers to submit detailed, competitive bids in the future, while flagging any under or over allocated resources in the past. STATPROBE, Inc. has developed the TIMELOG system using the SAS/AF software that can allocate. track, and report time spent during a project. Major tasks and detailed activities with cost estimations can be assigned to employees ,'or departments by using TIMELOG interactively. With a bui~-in reporting feature, the time to completion and total cost of a project can be quickly communicated to the client on a routine basis. Resources can be adjlisted to control the time and cost required to complete a project |
lookup, access control | source | 3 |
| 202 | The Utter Simplicity of the TABULATE Procedure | Daniel E. Bruns | proc step, proc tabulate, proc freq, sas base | source | 6 | |
| 203 | Time and Costs Tracking Using the Timelog System | Matthew J. Becker | The efficiency of an organization depends on an understanding of the time required to complete different tasks. In turn, the costs of services and products depend on the use of time and materials. To manage time, STATPROBE, Inc. developed, using SAS/AF-, a time and costs tracking software system called TIMELOG. The system provides employees and managers a number of different reports on resource usage. The repons provide statistics on time use and personnel resources. A quantitative analysis is done to measure and manage the efficiency of the organization. Each of the reports can be run filtering by employee, by department, or over the entire company. The current reports provided by the system are: * Employee activity reports Employee analysis reports Project time analysis reports The TIMELOG reporting module is written with the REPORT procedure. It is written in SAS'" Version 6.10 running under the IBM OS/2'" Version 3 operating system |
data visualization, relational database | source | 5 |
| 204 | Tips, Techniques, and Good Habits for SAS/AF Application Developers | Candy R. Habich | Several years of experience supporting SAS/AF application developers have yielded some tried-and-true methods for writing good SCl code. This paper will highlight the techniques which are most useful for making SAS/AF applications easier to write, easier to debug, and easier to maintain. These techniques can be categorized as 1) good habits which contribute to clarity and ease of understanding, 2) handling common trouble spots and, 3) hints for debugging programs. Though geared toward novice application developers, the material in this paper should also be useful for more experienced developers |
macro variable, dataset, proc step, proc sql | source | 6 |
| 205 | To Merge or Not to Merge: These are the Answers | John Badolato | The MERGE statement is a very useful tool for combining data from different sources. You may, however, encounter instances where MERGE limitations are exposed, especially when processing large data sets. Newer versions of the SAS system have incorporated alternatives to the MERGE statement which can combine data using less computer resources to circumvent these limitations. In this paper, I will explore the alternative merging techniques I have used to combine data between large data sets. These techniques include PROC SOL, PROC FORMAT with the CNTUN option and indexed data sets. Each technique has its own particular benefits for certain types of merging situations. All the examples in this paper deal with the efficient and practical uses of these techniques for combining pharmacy terminal prescription data for the pharmaceutical industry, however, the techniques are useful for any audience |
proc step, merge statement, lookup, set statement, sample, proc format, put statement | source | 5 |
| 206 | Training in a World of Cost-Cutting and Downsizing | Charles E. Shipp, Kirk Paul Lafler |
Providing training and user support in a world of cost-cutting and downsizing requires clear | odds ratio, quality control | source | 6 |
| 207 | Tuning the SAS System Under MVS: A Release 6.08 Update | Daniel J. Squillace, Annette Tharpe |
Tuning the SAS System can help you make the most of your investment in both hardware and software. Toward this end, the SAS System provides a built·in set of features that will aid you in effectively managing consumption of CPU, memory and 1/0 resources. This paper will introduce those SAS System features, and will provide information on techniques which make use of them, including | proc step, libname statement, options statement, cpu time, sas log, memory usage, dataset, proc copy, proc options | source | 7 |
| 208 | Turning On the Power of Data Management Windows | Priscilla E. Van Grevenhof | The data management option, selected from the "Globals" pull down menu, offers SAS users the ability to manage their data from within the SAS System SAS objects and other non SAS flles can be accessed, changed and managed. The novice user has the ability, through an easy to use set of windows, to perform data management functions. The SAS power user, such as a programmer or data manager, has a set of tools for increased productivity. Additional options are available in the ACCESS window and in SASI ASSIST. This paper will explore the many options of these powerful windows | sas library, libname statement, data governance | source | 5 |
| 209 | TVA WorkForcePlanner (WFP): An Example in Application Development within the Budget | R. Sherry Furr, Stuart B. Levine |
This paper illustrates the effectiveness of the iterative development methodology using a production enterprise-wide application. Budget considerations and the need for user satisfaction are also discussed. In addition, this paper ccvers the importance of a partnership between client and developer when creating an application such as this. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) had an immediate need for a workforce planning system that would enable users to enter and analyze human resource forecasts. They also had a limited budget with which to work, but needed to have a system that would provide both user-friendliness and accurate data to satisfy their users' needs. TVA, working in conjunction with SAS Consulting Services Inc. (SCS), used an iterative development methodology to create and implement Version 1.0 of the WorkForcePlanner (WFP) system within six weeks | workforce analytics, sas base | source | 5 |
| 210 | Twin_Gen: A SAS Macro for the Genetic Analysis of Twin Data | Kenneth Bukowski, ViswanaThan Ramakrishnan, Joanne Meyer, William G. Henderson, Mary Ellen Vitek, Mary Biondic, Jack Goldberg |
lWIN GEN is an interactive SAS macro that has been implemented for the genetic analysis of twin data. The objective of this analysis is to estimate and test for heritability and shared common environmental effects using within-pair measures of twin similarity. Input to this program must contain twin pairs (ie. each observation represents a single twin pair)-- you may enter the data interactively or via a file; the program permits analysis of . dichotomous, ordinal or continuous twin characteristics. lWIN_GEN can be run via a double-click on a macro icon defined for the SAS System for PCs. This executes a SUBMIT command while in SAS for Windows (vs. 6.08). In order to keep abreast of the program status, formatted windows are displayed throughout the program run. This provides a fiiendly, user-driven application. The program also allows you to run a prior analysis on an updated data set | proc freq, macro facility, proc step, sas base, response variable, data cleaning | source | 7 |
| 211 | Update on SAS/PH-Clinical 2.0 Software | Sandra D. Schlotzhauer, Gary S. Klonicki |
source | 10 | ||
| 212 | Use of JMP Software to Optimize Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics Laser Cavity Formation through Design of Experiments | Melvin T. Alexander, Brian Hogan, Carl T. Brooks |
Design of Experiments (DOE) is a proven statistical quality tool that identifies processing parameters, interactions between processing parameters, and optimum parameter settings in manufacturing processes. When applied to process development of new electronic packaging technologies, e. g., Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) Laser Cavity Formation processes, the results of DOE can characterize the output, optimize the through-put, and achieve consistent quality in a minimal number of experimental runs. This paper will show how JMp software was applied to optimize the L TCC Laser Cavity formation process through various statistical viewpoints (e.g., exploratory, nonparametric, and Bayesian). JMP's data visualization features gave fresh clues to manufacturing process engineers about those "active" input factors that influenced the key characteristics (cavity location and ceramic tape peel-ofl) | posterior probability, anova, regression analysis | source | 8 |
| 213 | Use of the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) for Data Transfer Between SAS (Versions 6. 08 and 6.10 under Windows) and Excel | Didier Cros | excel, dataset, variable | source | 9 | |
| 214 | Using a SAS/AF Front End to Simplify Drill Downs in SAS/EIS | Beth Bednarek | When a variety of drill paths are required for a SAS/EIS application, consider building and registering a dataset which uses one standardized array for the drill variables. A SASI AF front end can then be used to select your actual drill variables and populate the array. Coding Steps 1) Build a SAS/AF Frame or Program entry to allow the user to select the desired drill variables and the order in which they want to drill. ...... , 2) In a DATA STEP define 2 arrays, one for the drill variables and one for the labels associated wtlh the drill variables. The format of the drill array should be able to hold any of the drill variables that may be selected. array drill(8)$ 14; array label(8)$ 40 ; 3) Using subscripts and the information from the SASI AF screen, . populate the drill variable and label arrays, making (1) the lowest level in the drill. Be sure to save the highest subscript used |
macro variable, data step | source | 1 |
| 215 | Using Indexes for Direct Access to SAS Datasets | Judy Loren | index, proc step, dataset, set statement, character variable, index creation | source | 7 | |
| 216 | Using Macros as a Data Table Generation Tool | Daphne E. Ewing | Displaying a variety of data in a consistent manner can be tedious and frustrating. Making adjustments to these displays, such as adding/removing columns, can be time consuming and just as frustrating. This paper will show the user how to set up macros which work together to make data table generation consistent, easy to follow, and easy to modify. I will define several SAS macros, show how they interact with each other and the data, and give examples of input and output. Given these macros, I will also show how to modify displays easily | macro variable, %if-%then-%else, put statement, macro definition, adverse events, proc print | source | 6 |
| 217 | Using Methods to Ease Frequent Data Set Variable Additions and Deletions | Randy C. Finch | In a p1ant research or production environment, many SAS" data sets containing operational information are generated. Even more data sets are generated as daily operational data are combined for analysis and reporting. In this environment, however, there are typically many changes and additions made to the plant, requiring the deletion of old variables and the addition of new variables in the data sets. Once the $AS progr.uns have been changed, 1I1e new data sets can be operated on without problems. However, problems arise when using ttle new programs with older data sets. For example, some procedures such as PROC PRINT and PROC TIMEPLOT will abort wi1h an error message if any of the variables to be operated on do not exist in the data set. Therefore, not only is the programmer faced with having to modify all the procedure calls in the reporting programs, he must also make sure that the older data sets are up-t<Kfal:e so that they can be used by the procedures |
data step, proc step | source | 2 |
| 218 | Using SAS Data Sets to Mimic a Relational Database | Greg M. Woolridge, Paul R. Coe |
Although not originally intended to be used as a database management system (DBMS), it is possible to use SAS data sets to mimic a relational database. The advanced data handling capabilities of SAS permit users to perform most tasks usually associated '",ith a DBMS. By storing data in several SAS data sets which are linked by common varialoles, end users can manage, update and analyze the data in much the same way they would if the data were stored in a database. We have implemented this idea to store, manage and analyze survey data SAS was used for all pbases of the project, starting with reading data from flat files and progressing through data entry and correction. This paper will discuss the techniques and present some of the code we used to get the data into SAS data sets and manage it | dataset, flat file, macro variable, relational database, macro loop, macro definition | source | 7 |
| 219 | Using SAS Macros to Develop a Quality Analysis Application System at China Steel Corporation | Jin-Chyun Yang, Jin-Shan Yang |
macro definition, data science, dataset, macro facility | source | 8 | |
| 220 | Using SAS Software for the Move from Mainframe to Workstation | Beth Bednarek, Jim Malizia |
Today's project manager is faced w~h many new challenges and opportunities when attempting to migrate information systems from the mainframe to a workstation environment. Some of these include: Requirement Defin~ion - The ability to prototype something quickly changes the way requirements are gathered. Staffing - Most of existing staff have little or no experience in workstation tools and technology. Screen Design - Designing a good, useful GUI (Graphical User Interface) requires a new mindset from developers. Power & Versatil~y of the Workstation Tools - Users are accustomed to the robust capabil~ies of the mainframe and expect the same on a workstation. This paper will discuss each of these as they relate to a recent development effort ("The Project") where release 6.08 of the SAS System under Windows was used to support a fairly complex migration effort | sas base, confidence level | source | 3 |
| 221 | Using SAS Software to Design and Evaluate Lot Acceptance Sampling Plans | Dennis W. King | Although the trend in modern quality control is a move towar~s on-line statistical process control through the use of control charts and control algorithms, lot acceptance sampling is still heavily used in industry particularly by governmenlal suppliers. Lot acceptance sampling consists 01 sampling a lot 01 finished product end determining whether the lot is 01 acceptabte quality based on some quality characteristic. One of the most used sampling plans for lot acceptance sampling is Military Standard 105. In this presentation, SAS code sequences and examples will be described that show how to use the SAS DATA STEP along with functions available in base SAS to automate the design 01 sampling plans shown in this military standard |
sample, sample size | source | 4 |
| 222 | Using SAS Software to Increase Your Application Development Productivity: Tools That Work | Teresia L. Arthur, Todd Lack |
The Management Information Systems (MIS) department at SAS Institute Inc. uses SAS" software to develop all in-house applications. In addition, we also use SAS software to develop portable generic tools to avoid replication and promote code reuse. This paper discusses a variety of tools developed in MIS as well as describing their purpose and coding techniques. Some of the tools discussed are 1) mail interface 2) printing interface 3) small host specific layer of tool implementation 4) data entry validation 5) dynamic free form text entry/unlimited comments 6) metabase for application resource management. 7) automatic search path setup 8) catalog entry check in/check out 9) application mode control at run time (prod uction/development) | catalog entry, where statement, data cleaning, sample | source | 10 |
| 223 | Using SAS/AF Software and Frame Entry to Access Data | Carl R. Haske | Clinical review of data is a critically important element of the data management process in the pharmaceutical industry. T rad'rtional methods involve review of data after a data management team finalizes the clinical database. Innovative uses of computer technology allow for the ongoing review of data during the data entry and query process, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the data management process. This paper discusses 8T A TPROBE DATA ACCESS, an information system developed with SAS Software that allows clinicians and data managers to access and review data as it flows through a data management system. The system is easy to use due to a graphical user·interface incorporating SAS/AF frame entry tools. Object·oriented design makes the system flexible and facilitates the augmentation of custom requirements and features. The system achieves cohesion by exploiting intrinsic SAS data structure attributes to propel the user.interface |
feature selection, label statement, variable list | source | 5 |
| 224 | Using SAS/GIS Software for Market Area Analysis | Jack Bulkley | Market area analysis is useful for determining market penetration, sales territories, and estimating or monitoring sales. This paper describes some of the types of market area analysis. There are examples using customer data and census tract maps although these techniques can also be applied to other map areas, like zip codes. This type of analysis can be applied in many industries including financial services, health care, insurance, retail, and utilities | financial services | source | 4 |
| 225 | Using SAS/GRAPH Software to Generate Metropolitan Area (MA) Maps | F. Joseph Kelley | This paper describes a SAS macro which will generate all Metropolitan Areas (MA) in a state; it will include those portions of the MA which cross state boundaries as well. Several SAS/GRAPH OPTIONS (GOPTIONS) are set globally with macro variables, although defaults are provided wherever feasible. The data file used was TIGERlGlCS'" (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing/Geographic Identification Code Scheme) provided by the (US) Bureau of the Census; several other Census files provide similar information, and could be substituted |
proc step, macro variable | source | 8 |
| 226 | Using SYSPARM to Conditionally Execute Batch Jobs | Clarence W. Jackson | SYSPARM is an automatic variable in SAS which is put into the global Macro table at execution of every SAS job. The value of SYSPARM is set to null (' ') at execution, but can be up to 256 characters long. This variable can prove very useful in production type SAS jobs that must have the same conditional information updated with each execution | automatic variable, sample | source | 2 |
| 227 | Using the REPORT Procedure to Create Stylized Reports | Carmen Gillern, William C. Murphy, Ronald J. Billings |
In a large. longitudinal epidemiologic study, it is often necessary to provide interim reports to investigators and funding sources. Since the SASs system is the chosen vehicle for data creation. storage, management, and analysis~ it is also convenient to use any report writing facilities that it has available. Until recently. most report writing was done with PRINT procedure. However. control over the fonnat and layout of the report was'limited. To overcome these obstacles, PROC REPORT was used to create very stylized reports. Variables are arranged in any order needed by listing them as desired in the COLUMN statement. Variable values are displayed in an ascending or descending fashion when ORDER is used in the DEFINE statement. New variables are defmed and created with COMPUTE. Additionally, PROC REPORT will display a variety of sununary statistics, including mean and standard deviation |
proc step, proc report, proc print | source | 6 |
| 228 | Using the SAS System for Market Research | Laurie Rose | The SAS System of software provides a wide variety of tools for analyzing market research data. Everything from simple summary analysis to advanced statistical and graphical techniques are available. Users holding different levels of expertise in both software and market research methodologies benefit from these tools. This paper briefly discusses some of the methods available in the SAS System and examines a case study of a current SAS software user, Bear Creek Corporation, to see how they have implemented their market research applications | regression analysis, logistic regression, conjoint analysis, logistic distribution, time series analysis, proc means | source | 5 |
| 229 | Video Tools for the SAS System | Ken Ellis | This paper supplements the formal online demo of the video tools that are included with Release 6.11 of the SAS System. After a brief introduction to the video tools, a sample presentation system that integrates a SAS! A~ Video Player Object with other multimedia objects is built. Next, we explore the Video Editor shipping with the SAS/GRAP~ Video Extensions. We see, via an editing example, how the video segments used in the presentation system were created. Finally, other sample applications that integrate video will be shown |
sample | source | 1 |
| 230 | What A Difference a Line Makes | Mary Cowmeadow, Paul C. Wehr |
This poster presents "before" and "after" examples where details such as lines and bold face, spacing and indentation can greatly improve the legibility of a report and increase a reviewer's ability to quickly understand the data presented. With the SAS macro language and some knowledge of printer technology, you can produce "near publication quality" reports | adverse events, proc step, proc print | source | 6 |
| 231 | When Graphing, Anything is Possible: Once You Know How to ANNOTATE | Lori D. Griffin | Have you ever created a graph, especially one involving annotate, tested it to your screen and then printed it but didn't get on paper what you saw on your screen? The following paper should help you understand as well as fix problems like this. The intent of this paper is to help clear up some of those foggy areas surrounding, mainly, the ANNOTATE facility with consideration of other related graphing problems. Annotating can be FUN once you have a fundamental understanding of the basics needed to annotate. This paper will help to develop a good foundation from which to work. Some of the topics covered will be HPOS and VPOS, XSYS and YSYS, understanding the device you use, using the POSITION variable for text placement, annotate macros, and much more. All the programming code used to create the examples will be provided during the poster presentation | length statement, proc step | source | 6 |
| 232 | Why Standard Utility Programs are Good and Why You Should Use the SAS System to Create Them | Henry B. Winsor, P. K. Sharma |
This paper discusses the advantages of developing and using standard utility programs for programmer support, points out reasons for using the SAS System as the primary development environment for these utilities, and demonstrates a technique that is useful in utility program development. The code needed to implement an error location utility on two different operating systems is used for illustrative purposes | error message, sample, %if-%then-%else, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 233 | Windowed Interface for Statistical Analysis of Registry Data (WISARD): A SAS/AF Information System Using Distributed Processing | Michael Swift, Bradley Haig |
distributed processing, proc step, proc calis, sample, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 234 | Word Processor Friendly SAS Output using the SAS Macro Facility | Laurie Tuason | A macro has been developed whidl uses methods that circumvent the problem of the inability to use proportionally spaced fonts when importing SAS output into a word processing package. The macro produces an output file in which spaces between the items within a line have been replaced with single tabs (i.e., tab delimited output). This file can then easily be imported into most word processing or spreadsheet software packages | sas output, macro facility | source | 1 |
| 235 | Working with Arrays | Ralph W. Leighton | Arrays are a SAS Basic Language DATA-step feature useful for organising, manipulating, and performing calculations on groups of data elements. Arrays have been an important feature of other more traditional procedural "scientific" programming languages, such as FORTRAN, PUl and PASCAL. A key point to remember at the outset is that arrays are a processing tool within the DATA STEP: they are not, in and of themselves, data on SAS Datasets. Often one needs to perform the same calculation on a series of SAS variables, as for example the tax calculations below |
proc step, calendar year, temporary array, proc print, proc transpose, insurer, input statement, dataset, array bounds, array, sum, variable list | source | 11 |
| 236 | Working with Classes in SAS/AF FRAME Entries | Daniel Gronell | macro variable, where statement | source | 6 | |
| 237 | Writing a Data Parser Using the SAS System | Andrew T. Kuligowski | Most SAS users have been assigned a task in which they need to read in data from an external source in order to process it with the tools available under the SAS System. Usually, the format for the data is documented and accompanies the dataset or file to be processed. On occasion, however, a challenge arises. The data exists on electronic means, but it is intermingled with unnecessary clutter - for example, it is contained in an electronic copy of a paper report. This paper will discuss the principles of using the SAS System to parse a file to extract useful data from a normally unusable source. This will be accomplished by citing examples of unusual data sources and the SAS Code used to parse it | input statement, proc step, sas log, conditional do loop | source | 6 |
| 238 | Writing Programs for JMP Software | Alvin M. Best III | Repetitive tasks can be challenging to automate with a GUI. Such programs are controlled by various mouse events and keyboard entries that can be more difficult to work with. However. version 3 of JMP on the Macintosh supports AppleScript, a language for controlling applications (programs). In the present implementation of JMP, it is possible to record analyses into a script and replay it later. This paper briefly reviews the AppleScript object-oriented language as it applies to JMP and demonstrates a tool-box of utilities that increase the functionality of scripts for JMP. One of the benefits of AppleScript is that it enables end users to automate tasks-either routine or highly complex tasks. It can also be used to customize or extend applications. Two examples are shown | dataset, logistic regression, roc curve, logistic distribution, regression analysis | source | 6 |
| 239 | Writing SAS/AF Applications That Run in Both an Interactive and Batch Environment | Jim Nelson, Matthew Grover |
Many SAS/AF applications have been written that run in an interactive mode but cannot run in a batch mode. Other applications have been written to run in both interactive and batch modes; however, most often these applications generate static code, using only simple code substitution. A major SAS/AF ap plication has been written that runs in both interac tive and batch modes. This paper presents a design for creating SAS/ AF applications that run in both in teractive and batch modes, The application is a dy namic code generating system, generating and exe cuting dynamic SAS code in both modes |
variable list, sample, proc step, proc means | source | 6 |
| 240 | XX Access Methods | Amitava Ghosh | This paper discusses the new XX Access Methods which are now available in Release 6.11 of the SAS System.The FTP access method can be used to access remote files using the FTP protocol. The CATALOG access method can be used to access a SAS catalog as a flat file. The SOCKET access method can be used to access Tep/IP sockets | catalog, flat file | source | 5 |
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