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BUGSSUGI 1996 Papers - Index
265 papers. Source: SAS Users Group International conference proceedings.
| # | Title× | Authors× | Abstract× | Keywords× | Extras | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "OK, Just Don't Spend Too Much Time on It ..." | Henry B. Winsor, Brian L. Bournival |
The thought of building a program testing system from scratch may seem daunting at first glance, but the actual necessary components are few and the time needed is probably much less than you think. This paper covers the basic components and design of a small performance testing system currently in use at a large company. The major points presented are: 1 )selecting the experimental design, 2)identifying and stating the test subject programs as simply as possible, 3)reviewing the available usage information and determining what is relevant, 4)automating the experimentation process for improved accuracy, 5)collecting and verifying the data in a non-manual fashion, 6)verifying the validity of any assumptions after the experiment, and 7)using both numerical and graphical | cpu time, macro variable, memory usage | source | 9 |
| 2 | %FLATFILE, and Make Your Life Easier | Michelle Buchecker | <J'o.FLATFllE is a macro that will create a flat file from a SAS data set This macro takes 3 parameters: the SAS data library name, the SAS data set name, and the name of the flat file to create. The beauty of%FLATFllE is that it will query the data set to determine the variable names and write out the PUT statement INCLUDING the variables' permanent format (or a default if there is none). Operating Systems: ALL Version: SAS 6.07 or higher | macro variable, input statement, delete, _eof_, dataset, call symput, flat file, return, proc step | source | 7 |
| 3 | %Print Drivers: Teaching SAS Software to Speak the Many Languages of Document Publication | Paul C. Wehr | This presentation introduces a facility for creating reports for which Ihe output device can be selected ~ro.ctively. That is, the programmer can create a report. in a DATA STEP, then at submit tim<> decide 10 generate standard text output <as you would with PUT statements), PostScript" output, Rich Text Format (RTF) output, or Netscape"', simply by specifying 'DRIVER=<drtvor-name)' in Ihe macro that initializes the output service. This service also allows the programmer access to text formatting features such as centering, boldfacing, underlining, large and small typ&, line drawing, and the crealion of tabl |
put statement | source | 8 |
| 4 | A Client/Server Solution Using the SAS System for Electronic Submissions to the FDA | Russell Holmes | data cleaning, dataset | source | 4 | |
| 5 | A Generic Survey Analysis System | Daniel Morris | dataset, sas programmer | source | 3 | |
| 6 | A Macro System for Calling PROC GPLOT for General Usage but Also Having a Major Application for PROC LlFETEST and PHREG Plots | Hugh Geary | This system enables the user to specify titles, labels, footnotes, symbols, input and output data set names, annotations and various control variables in the argu ments of a calling statement without having to write the title, footnote and axis statements, etc. for FROC GPLOT each time a graph needs to be produced. The system consists of a general macro for setting up the call to FROG GPLOT and a special pur pose macro, called by the general macro, to compute-the coordinates and annotations (which in our case are for the Lifetestl Phreg graphs but could be for any application.) The application to PROGS LIFETEST and PHREG plots the survival data,for one, two, three or more groups while depicting censoring. Extra annotations have been computed to display the number-at-risk at each tic ,mark along the. horizontal axis. Also in the general macro a moveable window has been created in which pertinent statistics can be prominently displsyed |
macro call, proc gplot, proc step, macro conditional | source | 5 |
| 7 | A Macro That Prevents Column Overwriting | Brian L. Bournival, Henry B. Winsor |
We have developed a macro called OVERWRIT that tests whether all values of a character variable will fit within the space designated for it. If not enough or too much space is allocated, the macro provides useful information to quickly correct the problem | character variable, sas log, error message, %if-%then-%else | source | 3 |
| 8 | A Macro to Word Wrap Long Text Strings into a SAS Array | H. Ian Whitlock | macro definition, &variable | source | 2 | |
| 9 | A Plan to Implement the LlMU Model by a Slight Modification of the Current MIXED Procedure | Mark X. Norleans | The Iimumodel, proposed by Xie and Norleans, is a generalized mixed linear model that is useful for analyzing independent or correlated responses on an arbitrary scale. The model is mathematically defined as the first-order Taylor-series expansion of the generalized mixed linear model applied to observed responses. To summarize data with mean responses and measure the precision of the summarization, the mufiivariate normal distribution is used to represent the expected frequencies of the linearized responses and the maximum likelihood techniques are used to estimate the parameters in the mean and variance functions. The model includes the generalized linear model of Neider and Wedderburn and the generalized estimating equations of Liang and Zeger as special cases if the Fisher scoring algorithm is used to solved their normal equations. The limu model is fitted by iterating through a maximization step and an updating step | proc genmod, normal distribution, maximum likelihood estimation, likelihood function, proc glm, proc step, regression analysis, covariance, proc mixed | source | 5 |
| 10 | A Plug and Play Data Entry Audit Trail System | Tyler Wilko | A pharmaceutical clinical data entry system requires many functions to be both useful and compliant with regulatory guidelines. One important function is a robust audit trail mechanism which documents changes to regulatory data throughout a database lifetime. This audit trail should capture the who, what, when, and why of changes made to data. It should provide useful reports and the ability to 'roll back' the database to any previous state. This paper describes a 'generic' audit trail system written in SAS" Screen Control language, (SCl), and implemented through the SAS/FSEDI1" product that provides the audit functions listed above and can be used on any SAS System data set with absolutely no programming. This system captures all the required information and provides interactive rollback/forward options to step through a record's editing history. As well, any previous state of a record can be committed to the data set at any time |
audit trail, dataset, audit dataset | source | 4 |
| 11 | A Productive Word Wrap Macro | Frank Liu, Monte E. Jarvis |
character variable, macro variable, dataset, macro loop, proc step, macro definition | source | 4 | |
| 12 | A Relational Database Primer tor SAS Programmers | Paul Dalberth | Information Technology professionals still dispute the need for a relational dalabase management system (RDBMS). The prevalence of these environments as repositories of crucial enterprise dais, though, means that familiarity with them is often a prerequisite for successful SAS-based system development. This paper includes | dataset, key, normalization, proc sql, proc step, relational database, sql pass-through, proc append | source | 8 |
| 13 | A SAS Macro for validating a Logistic Model with Split Sample and Bootstrap Methods | Kwan Hur, Charles A. Oprian, William G. Henderson, Sharon Urbanski, Bharat K. Thakkar |
A SAS macro for testing the validity of a model developed using a stepwise logistic regression by split sample and/or a bootstrap approach is presented For the split sample method, the macro will split a sample into two random halves: a learning and a testing sample. A stepwise model is constructed on the learning half and a c-index is calculated. The model is then applied to the testing sample and the c index is calculated and compared to the c-index of the learning sample. For the bootstrap methocl, the maoro can sample with replacement the population and build a corresponding model. This can then be replicated to produce repeated logistic models with their corresponding c-indexes, | sample, bootstrap, logistic distribution, regression analysis, logistic regression, proc freq, data cleaning | source | 4 |
| 14 | A SAS Macro Using PROC MEANS to Report Data Completeness Rates of Predefined Dimensions and Subdimensions of Variables | Mazen Abdellatif, Thomas Moritz, Uzy Thottapurathu, Domenic J. Reda |
macro variable, proc step, txt, proc means, proc print, macro loop, do loop, sample, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 15 | A SAS Program for the Assessment of Unbalanced Data in Two- Sequence, Three-Period CrossoverTrials | Annpey Pong, Shein-Chung Chow |
In clinical trials or bioavailablility and bioequivalence studies, replicated crossover designs such as a two sequence, .three-period are often used to assess treatment and carry-over effects between drug products. However, data observed from a replicated crossover design may be unbalanced due to potential dropouts, In this case, standard statistical methods may not be directly applied Chow and Shao (1996) proposed two methods, namely the ordinary least squares method and the maximum likelihood method based on the period differences to assess the treatment and carry-over effects, In this paper, a SAS program is developed to compute the estimates of treatment and carry-over effects based on these two methods | likelihood function, maximum likelihood estimation, treatment effect, response variable, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 16 | A Simple Macro Tutorial: Not an Oxymoron | Susan Farmer | The macro facility is a part of base SAS software that enables you to write dynamic programs. Programs that utilize the macro facility can use your data to write the program for you * pass information between SAS steps repeatedly submit SAS statements. This macro tutorial will demonstrate how to create reports and manage SAS data sets using macro variables in a maintenance-free program | macro variable, dataset, symbol table, proc step, call symput | source | 2 |
| 17 | A Simple Methodology for Developing Clinical Reporting Macros | Paul M. Gilbert, Steven Light |
data cleaning, adverse events, proc step, proc report, macro parameter | source | 6 | |
| 18 | A Simple Way to Create a Clinical Trial Study Data Dictionary | Frank Liu | A clinical data dictionary is required to provide the reporting and analysis components of products with information about the underlying clinical data. This paper introduces an easy, timesaving | data dictionary, clinical trial, clinical data, label statement, proc step, dataset, proc sql | source | 3 |
| 19 | A Simplified Approach Using Macro Techniques to Create a Clinical Data Reporting System | Mark Parra | I n the pharmaceutical induslry today expressions like 'Timeline Com~ression" and "Proees:s Facilitatioh" are common and reflect the Industry goals of producing faster New Drug Applicetlons (NOAs). Reporting of clinical trial data is essential and the ever increasing demends for faster report generation remains a high priority in the NOAp ........ This paper descnbes a simplified approach to creating a clinical data reporting system using macro techniques which not only function in producina different reports. but by using %Window also menu drives the system. Preparation of the SAse data sets as well as the relationship between clinice! trial data structures and the report format Iypes are explored. The flexibility of report modules being processed through. Single Dsla _NULL_ step is demonstrated. and finally the macro %Window code which produces the mentHlriven front-end is examined |
macro variable, proc step, clinical trial, clinical data, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 20 | A Statistical Analysis Macro Library in SAS Software | Vivienne Ward, Carl R. Haske |
Statistical analysis plays a major role in pharmaceutical research. The SAS system provides many procedures that petform analysis, nonetheless It is typical to customize a procedure to fit each specific situation. This requires that a new procedure or program be written each time an analysis is performed. However, many types of analyses are programmed similarly, with only minor characteristics differentiating each customlzed procedure. These characteJ'istics can be parameterized and the procedure abstracted to a macro routine. 'his paper discusses a macro library of ,statistical analysis tools developed by STATPROBE, Inc. The core prcicedures of the macro tools use PAOe FREQ for the analysis of categorical data. The macro tools accept a parameter list that includes input data set names, output data set names, variable identifiers, group Identifiers, report titles, test identifier, and test o;'.)tions | data science, macro definition, chi-square test, %if-%then-%else, macro loop, sample, clinical trial, exact test, proc step, proc freq, macro variable, fisher exact test, proc sql, anova | source | 5 |
| 21 | A Study of Kinetics: The Estimation and Simulation of Systems of First Order Differential Equations | Donald Erdman, Maurice M. Morelock |
This papar introduces new and old features of the SAS System for the estimation and simulation of systems of lirst-order differential equations wtth emphasis on examples in kinetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, estimation and simulation are used to aid research 01 the flow 01 drugs thrc>ygh various compartments in the body and to help understand drufj interactions w~hin a body compartment, that is, organs, tissue, and blood. The models lor these two problems are normally expressed as systems 01 differential equations. New features in the MODEL procedure ailow for easy expression 01 these models. App6ca!ions 01 these new tools to other fields are briefly discussed. The SAS procedures discussed include PRoe MODEL and PROC |
proc model, proc step, savings account, estimate, compartmental analysis, proc iml | source | 8 |
| 22 | A Tutorial on Bootstrapping in the SAS System | Paul A. Thompson | Bootstra.pping is a non-parametric method for the estimation of variances for poorly-understood or mathematically-intractible parameters. It is quite simple to perform a. bootstrap in SAS, although it takes some understanding of the process. In bootstrapping, there are actually three components to the method, drawing a bootstrap sample, computing a certain parameter estimate under the bootstra.pping framework, and using the variance estimate from the bootstrap method (or the bootstrap sampling distribotion itse1f). After briefiy describing the theory inhe"",t to bootstrapping, the three components to bootstrapping are described in SAS using code to illustra.te the technique. Finally, a. variety of different a.pplica.tions of bootstra.pping methods are described | bootstrap, sample, regression analysis, confidence interval, estimate, proc sql, proc step, normal distribution, order by, macro variable, correlation, proc freq | source | 10 |
| 23 | Accessing Non SAS Data Files on Remote Servers via ODBC | Vecdet Mehmet-Ali | proc sql, create table, proc step, traffic data | source | 5 | |
| 24 | AData Warehouse Using the SAS System | Harriet Janes, Terry L. Lewis, Shirley Dixon |
The SAS System is ideally suited for bJ.Jilding a data warehouse, This paper describes the'experiences of two Information Center application developers in the development of a data warehouse for use in DeciSion Support at SAS Institute. Specific techniques and SAS software products used in building the data warehouse and the challenges met during development are discussed. Also includ· ed in this paper is a discussron of a new product, the SASlWarehouse Administrator"', that provides additional capabilj.. ties not currently available in other products of the SAS System | source | 8 | |
| 25 | Advanced DATA Step Topics and Tips | Neil H. Howard, Cynthia L. Zender |
proc step, proc format, missing value, lookup, dataset, put statement, sas log, raw data, length statement, if-then-else | source | ||
| 26 | Advanced Features of PROC REPORT Workshop | Kim L. Kolbe Ritzow | This workshop is designed for users who have an existing knowledge of PROe REPORT's syntax. The paper will focus on uses of the FLOW option. the creation of multi-column reports. customized report breaks. and creating reports containing counts and percentages | proc report, proc step, character variable, numeric variable, proc format, put statement | source | 11 |
| 27 | Advanced Features of PROC TABULATE | Daniel E. Bruns | proc tabulate, proc step | source | 6 | |
| 28 | Advanced Topics in PROC REPORT | Christopher Yindra | PROC REPORT combines the power ofProc Tabulate with the flexibility of DATA STEP reporting. This paper will clairify bow PROC REPORT constructs a report and will present some advanced reporting techniques available with PROC REPORT Basic reoort svntax: ···.Begin report in batch mode*··· PROC REPORT DATA=CYLm.DIPLOY NOWD |
proc report, proc step, data step, character variable, proc format, missing value | source | 10 |
| 29 | Advanced Uses of SAS Formats | Howard Levine | This paper will show how to use SAS fonnats for grouping observations and performing table lookups. It will also show how to use infonnats for rederming input values. There will be a brief overview of SAS fonnats and PROC FORMAT. Then the advanced topics will be explored. Additional items covered will be picture formats, permanent fonnat libraries, and using SAS data sets in conjunction with Proe Format |
proc step, proc format, format statement, dataset, proc freq, lookup, char. | source | 10 |
| 30 | Allocation of Military Engines to Fighter Aircraft: A SAS/OR Application | Paul R. Sheridan, Timothy F. Ousley |
Aircraft operating costs are strongly affected by which engine model is installed. The United States Air Force (USAF) tactical aircraft fleet of F-15s and F-16s is powered by several engine models, many of which can be used in more than one model of aircraft, allowing the possibility of numerous aircraft engine combinations. This paper describes the development of a large scale, mixed-integer mathematical programming model that allocates engine types to aircraft models in order to minimize the fleefs operating cost. The model is solved using PROC LP in SAS/OR. Results are used to explore possible investment strategies that lower future operating costs by an optimum allocation of engines to aircraft. Features of the model include multiple investment periods, nonlinear (piecewise linear approximation) cost relationships, binary development decisions and allowance for salvaged components from one upgrade to be used as part of another upgrade |
binary variable, proc step | source | 4 |
| 31 | An Electronic Roadmap to SAS Discussion and Support | Richard J. Nicola | This paper will explain entry to INTERNET facilities via a common on-line service (pRODIGY). Other facilities will be explained, including SAS-L, TSNEWS, EMITS, and SIBBS. Over the past several years, SAS users have been "hit" with a barnlge of electronic services and facilities to help solve and report problems, exchange information, and perform other tasks formerly done by telephone and direct human contact. There are so many new facilities and so many ways to access these facilities that many users are understandably confused. The presentation will meet the fullowing objectives: First it will introdoce a structured way of looking at the various facilities to better understand attendant functions and to identifY those which overlap or are rednndant. Second, the talk will present a roadmap to using available on-line services and INTERNET to access SAS Newsgroups and a World Wide Web Browser | source | 5 | |
| 32 | An Integrated Clinical Data Management System in SAS | Carl R. Haske | Managing complex data for clinical trials requires the efforts of a large team of pe<)ple including clinical data managers, data entry personnel. programmers, and statisticians. Each member of the team performs a specific function vital to the quality of the end database. A system that enabtes concurrent access to dats at several stages of the database life cycle enhances the overall work procesS and accelerates database development. STATPROBE, Inc. developed an integrated data management system, using SAS/AF* as the platform. The system incorporates security and tools that· assist the valid production and analysis of the clinical data. Various modules in the system support Case Report Form leRF) tracking, data entry, data cleaning, and data querying, The flow of data through the system occurs in physical '"'slots'"' or directories. The system allows data to progress from data entry slots to a cleaning platform during the critical initiation of a database |
clinical data, dataset, audit trail, clinical database, data governance | source | 6 |
| 33 | An Introduction to Developing Applications with SAS/AF FRAME Entries | Vincent L. Timbers | Frame entries in SASI AF use graphic display devices that enable the developer to easily build interfaces which permit users to point and click their way through applications. The functionality of frame entnes assists end-users who have limited computer experience to perform activities such as data entry, data processing, and data analysis/reporting. This paper briefly explains frame entries and desctibes a data analysis and reporting application called the Consumer Services Information System Menu (CSIS Menu)' that was developed with frame entries. The remainder of the paper demonstrates the basic steps used in building the CSIS Menu with a sample application.' | sample, sas output | source | 9 |
| 34 | An Introduction to PROC SOL | Kim L. Kolbe Ritzow | This paper wll discuss the basic syntax of PROC SOL and how it can be used to create some simple reports. It wnl also discuss the CREATE statement, the HAVING clause, the CASE statement and the various types of CASE expressions that can be used. This paper will not address how PROC SOL can be used to retrieve information from other database management systems. It will deal solely with the types of reports that can be generated in SOL when retrieving information from SAS data sets |
proc step, proc sql, select, group by, order by, where statement | source | 9 |
| 35 | An Introduction to SAS/FSP Software | Terry J. Fain, Cyndie B. Gareleck |
SAS/FSP is a set of procedures used to perform fuU-screen interactive data entry, data editing, data retrieval, and data query. This tutorial provides a basic overview of SAS/FSP software under version 6.11 of the SAS System, Topics include: creating a new SAS data set customizing data screens data entry data query browsing SAS data sets The focus of this tutorial is on PROC FSEOIT although other procedures such as PROe FSBROWSE and PROC FSVIEW will be briefly discussed. Screen control language (SCL) is considered an advanced topic and will not be covered in this tutorial |
proc step, dataset | source | 5 |
| 36 | An Introduction to UNIX Shell Programming and the SAS System | Gregory S. Barnes Nelson, Glenn Leavell |
UNIX is a powerful opernting system which has developed inm one of 111. most versatile computing environments. By virtue of it's power, flexibility and openness, the UNIX opem;ng system and it's variants have at 1I1eit disposal a variety of advantages for 1I1e SAS programmerl developer. This paper vrol focus on one particular aspect of the UNIX environment which enables SAS programs to capture infonnation passed along by 1I1e operating system: 1I1e UNIX shell. The goal of this paper is not to teaoh you UNIX or how to write sophisticated shell programs. l"nstead, we aim to give you a general uoderstanding of shells, shell programming, and other shell concepts, and to show you <an toke advantage of 1hem when using SAS in a UNIX environment. Part I of this paper deals exclusively wi1l1 shells and shell concepts. Part n talks specifically about how you can use 1hose concepts when progranuning in SAS | source | 10 | |
| 37 | An SQL Tutorial - Some Random Tips | Paul Kent | This presentation will clarify same of the less obvious details of PROC SOL. and identify sitUations where SOL is useful. Real· wand examp1es will be drawn from the Technical Support staff at SAS, and the electronic SAS-L forum. A basic knowledge of "SELECT * FROM TABLE", is assumed but anyone who us ** SQL should find something of value in this tutorial. It is presented as a series of unrelated "short storles" - 1 am hoping that one or more of them will alert you to a pitfall of Sal or trigger some response to potential Sal solutions for problems faced by SAS programmer. every day. The sections in the paper are: 0 Towards A Better Union 0 Outer Joins· more than 2 too |
proc step, proc sql, full join, order by, create table, group by, macro variable | source | 5 |
| 38 | Analysis of Unbalanced Mixed Model Data | Ramon C. Littell | Analysis of unbalanced data and analysis of mixed model data have been important topics of statistical | proc genmod, proc calis, fixed effects, proc step, proc mixed, proc glm, anova, maximum likelihood estimation, estimate, restricted maximum likelihood, likelihood function | source | 6 |
| 39 | Arrays: APowerful Time Saver | Ronald P. Cody | do loop, temporary array, array, character variable, array bounds, dataset, data step, numeric variable, do over | source | 7 | |
| 40 | Automated Installation of SAS on Multiple Operating Systems | Peter Slintak | This paper outlines the procedures to optimize the installation of the SAS System in a corporate environment. Once in place, the installation procedure takes just a click of the mouse button, installs' in a fraction of the time of a normal installation, takes up less room on the hard disk, takes less network bandwidth to load, and has the exact configuration based on your corporate optimizations. The redirected installation process is 95% faster than a floppy disk installation and 85% faster than a CD ROM installation. The size ofSAS was reduced by 72"/0 on the file server through the use of compression. This technique can be used in any operating environment. Response files can be invoked for Windows@,OSl2o.,DOS",or Macintosh" operating systems. The paper will go into details of optimizing a configuration, creating a customized session of SAS, writing a response file (with an example written in REXX), compressing SAS on a file server, and different ways of invoking an installation | source | 3 | |
| 41 | Beating Student's t and the Bootstrap - USing SAS Software to Generate Conditional Confidence Intervals for Means | Thomas C. Chenier, Paul Vos |
bootstrap, confidence interval, sample, sample size, trimming, regression analysis | source | 6 | |
| 42 | Better Low-Cost InfoGeographics Today: Improved Readability and Usability for PROC GMAP Output | LeRoy Bessler | proc step, if-then-else, proc gmap | source | 10 | |
| 43 | Bridging the Gap between SAS Applications Developers and Database Administrators | Suzanne D. McCoy | 14 a CGllsuIant. I 111M been uposed to many different companies. operating piItforms. and uses of SAS SOftwan. Every company I 111M worbd Nth has UIed ._ twa of reIIIIonaI dill ... for centralzed storage of corporate data, and In every case. there hac been the high level of misunderstandin belween "SAS people" and "database people'. This paper rocuses on the causes of misunderstanding. II also contains tips and techniques for developing a strong wodcing rellllonship beIween SAS AppIcatlons Developers and DaIabaw AIImInIstrMors. INTRODUCnON Moll Database AdmInisIralors (DBAs) see SAS as a bIIck box. If \hey1llMl had any exptIlIIft at ai, they typic..,. have O/Iti seen PROC ACCESS . Most sites have the DBA group or a Data Mllnager UIraCt data Into lit 1IIH tim are then read Into SAS cIabI set . l1Ie concept of Ive data reeds Ills been IrtUnd for a .. YNI'S but since 'IhIngs' work. the way they _, many sites IIIMI not developed the Ildls needed to Implementlve data access |
proc sql, proc step | source | 3 |
| 44 | Bridging the Gap: Using ODBC to Grab Data Stored in a SAS Data Warehouse for Reporting in Microsoft Access | Reesa L. Laws, Mary Longacre Newgard |
The Center for Health Research (CHR) in Portland, Oregon, serves as a coordinating center for the DASH study, a four -site trial that compares the effects of three dietary pattems in persons with high normal diastolic blood pressure. This study involves substantial data collection and transmission from each site to the CHR. This paper describes our use of Open Data Base Connectivity (ODBC), one of the new features in SAS version 6.10, to manage DASH data and other project activities. We use SAS as a data warehouse because of its . effiCiency in manipulating and summarizing data, data storage, and data analysis. As a coordinating center, we produce monthly standardized reports to send to the respective clinical sites. We use Microsoft Access as a reporting tool because of its ease in producing reports with multiple fonts, shading, and boxes. Because Microsoft Access is an ODBC compliant application, it can use data stored in SAS with the new SAS ODBC driver | dataset, data warehouse | source | 5 |
| 45 | Building a Data Table Project Management Application | Joseph M. Carter | Release 6.11 of the SAS System provides several new FRAME object oriented classes that allow you to develop customized applications that display the contents of a SAS data set in a table or lonn view. This paper presents the FSPLAN project tracking system as an example of an application that uses these classes to manage project tracking data | dataset, where statement | source | 6 |
| 46 | Building a Data Warehouse with SAS Software: Recipe for Success | Karen Grippo, John Chen |
Building a data warehouse Is a complex process involving many different phases; everything from database design, to hardware configuration and benchmarking, to user documentation and training. The authors of this paper have successfully implemented two large (20 GBl data warehouses using SAS on a Unix platform and will use their project as a case study to examine the process of building a data warehouse, from inception to delivery. The major phases of the process (analysis, evaluation, design, and implementation) will be discussed in detail, examining various Issues and strategies. Special attention will be given to the topic of metadata and the key role it plays in the Implementation of a data warehouse | key, data warehouse, cpu time, dataset | source | 7 |
| 47 | Building an Efficient Data Warehouse: Understanding the Issues of Data Summarization and Partitioning | Robert Chu, Susan Tideman |
An efficient data. warehouse-enables better and faster decisions. To build an efficient data warehouse, you need to know how best to summarize data. and how best to partitiOn the summarized | proc means, data warehouse, train-test split, data mining | source | 8 |
| 48 | Building and Using %WINDOW Applications | Karen Crandall | macro variable, macro loop, macro conditional, proc step, macro definition | source | 5 | |
| 49 | Building Applications That Contain Graphics Objects | Lina P. Land, Liza Lucas |
There are a few guidelines you should keep in mind when developing an application that contains SAS/GRAPH'" Graphics Objects. These include making the graph as large as possible, limiting the size of the data, and working wHhin your hardware IimHations. With the Orlando version of SAS'" you have the added ability of creating 3D bar charts, 3D pie charts, and grouped bar charts. Other addifions allow you to place reference lines on your graphs, specify fonts, and make use of extended select. With the Orlando Addon version more 3D types of graphs are available, as well as overlay bar and line charts and the ability to order bar charts by their response values. New printing capabllities are included in both of these versions. It is also easy to run your application in batch mode. This and other common application needs are addressed in the Questions & Answers section that follows the main discussion |
bar chart, class variable, line chart | source | 9 |
| 50 | Changes and Enhancements in Release 6.11 of the SAS System for Open Systems | Mike Monaco | This paper describes many user interface enhancements provided in tha SAS System for Open Systems, Release 6.11 and the 6.11 add·ons | source | 5 | |
| 51 | Character-Based and Object-Oriented Reporting with SAS Procedure and PUT Style Output: Annotate Character Based Reports! | M. P. Welch | This paper describes a technique which allows placement of procedure output and freeform (PUT style) text anywhere on any page of a SAS character based report. The technique can be used under all SAS versions and supported operating systems. The example code is from an MVS operating system running | proc step, proc printto, proc freq, sample | source | 4 |
| 52 | Chart Smart: Design Graphs That Inform and Influence | LeRoy Bessler | bar chart, horizontal bar chart, vertical bar chart | source | 10 | |
| 53 | Choosing an Application Development Tool for Your CANDA | Barry R. Cohen | Many pbarmaceutical companies choose SAS· Software fur CANDA development, but there are, of course, otber application development tools to consider. A company must consider which tools produce effective gtaphic user interfaces (GUIs) and which tools produce systems which are easily maintained and upgraded. Many decisions are based upon the historical use of the software within the pharmaceutical industry, the programmers' levels of skill with the software, and the current software used for analytical clinical databases. These and other issues might be included in your decision-making | dataset, clinical database, pharmaceutical industry, adverse events, concomitant medications, data science | source | 8 |
| 54 | Client/Server Performance Testing: Practical Results You Can Use Right Away | Barry R. Cohen | dataset, oracle, sas output, data warehouse, traffic data, proc step, decimal, proc sql | source | ||
| 55 | ClinAccess: An Integrated Client/Server Approach to Clinical Data Management and Regulatory Approval | Martin J. Rosenberg | Motivated by tne desire to better manage an ever increasing volume of information and to reduce the length of time required to introduce new drugs around the world, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have sought to facilitate the drug development and approval processes through innovative uses of computer technology. One such effort that has received great attention is the computer assisted NDA or CANDA and its cousin for biologicals tne computer assist.ed PLA or CAPLA. The first CANDA's were created with much effort, and at great expense, after tne paper NDA's had been filed. From these early experiments, it became evident that if CANDA's were to ever become routinely used throughout the industry by both large and small companies, their development would need to be simplified and to begin earlier in the drug development process | clinical data, clinical trial, crf, data review, data governance, clinical research, pharmaceutical industry, key, dataset, data cleaning | source | 9 |
| 56 | Color Application Design for Effective Visual Communication | LeRoy Bessler | source | 2 | ||
| 57 | Comparing Release 6.11 of the SAS System for Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT | Mark W. Cates | The 8AS System for Windows Rei .... 6.11 is a Win32 application. This means that a single binary image of the SAS System executes on Microsoft Windows 3.1 (or Windows for Workgroups 3.11) nsing Win32s" teeluiology, Windows 95, and Windows NT. Windows 95 is one of the most significant and influential operating system releases for woIkstations in the history of personal computing and has made a significant impact in both the home and cOIpOrate software mme!. Windows NT Release 3.51 and later releases, represents the continuing incremental improvement in this operating system, and many corporations are beginning to adopt Windows NT for both client and server applications. While Windows 95 is optimized for client computing, Windows NT is also now being widely accepted as one of the most robust and powerful client platforms. This paper presents an overview of both operating systetns Windows 95 and Windows NT, with respect to the SAS System | proc sql, sql server, data science, decimal | source | 10 |
| 58 | Computer Validation and the SAS System | William C. Murphy | In clinical trials, a great deal of care must be exerted to insure the integrity and safety of the database. Validation is a FDA requirement to assure the integrity of the computer hardware and software. While examining a subject, a clinician dictates scores to a recorder who enters the information into a dedicated compUter. The database is transformed into the SAS system for final manipulation and analysis. Since the only mathematical changes to the data occur in the SAS system, care must be exerted to made sure the programs are validated. This requires documenting the source code and backing-up the programs in addition to developing protocol manuals and reports on the status of the database. The SAS macro facility is used to generate comments to document the source code. Another SAS routine creates a manual of the study programs. Various PROC statements are Used to create status reports on the database. Back-up copies of the data sets and programs are kept onsHe and offsite |
proc step, data cleaning, clinical trial, sample, macro facility | source | 4 |
| 59 | Computing Min and Max Scorings for Two-Sample Ordinal Data | Lyn Whitaker, Michael D. Whitaker |
Ordinal response variables often occur in practice. For example. in clinical trials a subject" s response to a drug regime might be categorized as negative, none, fair. or good. There are several common approaches to analyzing two-sample ordinal response data. These procedures applied to the same data can lead to contradictory | sample, response variable, regression analysis, correlation, ordinal variable, conditional do loop, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 60 | Conditional Execution of the Drop Statement as Well as Omer Global and Declarative Statements | Brian O. Mullin | The SAS"'language contains three types of statements, two of which, declarative and global, cannot be executed conditiooally. Three methods of conditionally implementing declarative and global statemeots are presented. Each of the | macro variable, call symput, drop statement, macro facility | source | 5 |
| 61 | Configuring and Using ODBC with SAS/ACCESS Software | Forrest Boozer | proc sql, proc step, excel, sql server, macro variable, name range list, sas log, sql pass-through, dataset, macro definition | source | ||
| 62 | Conjoint and Beyond: Clustering and Logistic Regression of Attribute Importance | Leslie A. Christensen | This paper will cover a case study that examines conjoint utilities by using logistic regression to analyze clusters based on attribute importance. The mathod encompasses PROC PLAN, PRDC |
proc step, logistic regression, regression analysis, logistic distribution, main effect, cluster analysis | source | 5 |
| 63 | Conversion to SAS Software from Other 4GL Languages | Richard J. Nicola | The introduction of PROC REPORT, as well as the SASIACCESS products, has made SAS a viable alternative to many other report writers and products tagged as "fourth generation languages." Those shops who wish to standardize on a single product to save software costs and direct their employee skills, will find SAS the logical choice. The full displacement of software products is, however, easier said than done. This paper will present a generalized method fur converting from such products to SAS. Specific methods used fur EASYTRIEVE (batch) conversion and the eonversion from FOCUS will be presented. Pitfalls, problems, shortcontings, and circumventions will also be reviewed Many data processing instalIations that have a broad user base, have made an effort to provide their non DP clients with "user-friendly" tools. Unfortunately, as time has passed, many of these tools have not kept pace with the times and prove costly on several fronts |
proc step, proc report, flat file, proc sql, sample | source | 6 |
| 64 | Counting on Base SAS Software | Beth S. Wilson | Counting observalions can be accomplished in a number of ways, and the method used to create the output is dependent upon the putpose of the report. SAS code is included to demonstrate how the PRINT, FREQ, SUMMARY, MEANS, REPORT and TABULATE procedures can be used in counting. Sample-output using each of the procedures is also illustrated. Some of the reasons for choosing one method versus another are also highlighted. Reasonsinctude visual appearance and uses of the output. flexibility of the procedure and the length of processing time to arrive at the desired report Organ donation and transplantation data from the United Network for Organ Sharing is utilized to exemplify the procedures with regardto output. The intended audience is beginning:iintermediate SAS users | proc step, proc freq, proc print, proc means, proc tabulate, proc report | source | 4 |
| 65 | Creating a Graph 'from an ASCII File That was Used to Populate a Word Processing Table | Lori D. Griffin | In the Phannaceutical business our final product for data presentation is represented in a tabular format. This means that all SAS output is imported into a word processing package and displayed in a table format. This is accomplished by using an ASCII delimited file to automatically populate a table. The final table is incorporated and cross referenced into the text of the study report. But many times, once the table has been completed, it is later decided that a graph needs to be created to better illustrate visually what the . table is trying to convey. So how do you do this in a timely manner without starting from scratch? Use the ASCII file, instead of processing through thousands of recotds to come up with the same numbers. Although crude, all the information you need is in that file. So with some manipulation of the file, which will be presented. you can create a wonderfully descriptive graph | proc print, proc step, change from baseline | source | 10 |
| 66 | Creating a PC-based Information System: An Evolutionary/Revolutionary Visionary Approach | Peter Parker, R. Keith Daly |
data wrangling, batch processing | source | 5 | |
| 67 | Creating and Linking Customized SCL Objects | Andrew A. Norton | This paper was designed .. a guide fOr a Hand * .on Workshop at the SUGl21 conference. If you were not able to participate in this worlalhop and would like to try the " ** ""~, the computer fiks arc available on _ (for SAS- 6.11 for Microsoft Wmdows) from the author. fnoe of charge | source | 5 | |
| 68 | Creating SOL Stored Procedures with Text Templates | J. Michael Morrill | This paper will present text templates and how they were used to create SQL stored procedures for DB2. Text templates are text strings with imbedded variable fields which are resolved at program execution time. An example of a text template is a form letter created with word processor software. The form letter contains variable fields imbedded within static text. When form letter is merged with a file, the imbedded variable fields are replaced with data from the file and the result is a document containing both the static text and variable data. The same principle can be applied to executable code. A text template containing the skeleton of an SQL statement can be merged at program execution time with data to create a complete executable SQL statement. The skeleton of the SQL statement can be stored in a database table as opposed to being imbedded within the program that executes the statement. A skeleton SQL statement stored in the database is known as a stored procednre | proc sql, stored procedure | source | 4 |
| 69 | Creating Winning Graphs | Deb Cassidy, Lori D. Griffin |
This workshop will walk users through two graphs that have won in the SUG! grapbks competition. One graph uses PROC GPLOT with several 'tricks' to place all the infonnation on the graph. In addition to the use of an annotate dataset, this graph uses options such as offset and blank title statements. The graph won the competition at SUG! 20. The other graph focuses on the use of PROC GMAP and won first place in Best Presentation of Data-Color at SUGI 18. It shows data for potential sales by county for an individual state plus the 'nearby' section of the surrounding states. The map is used to truly show data for areas such as the Cincinnati metropolitan area which is in three states (OhiO, Kentucky and Incliana). Individual state maps would be misleading for this type of data. The graph also uses annotate to label selected cities on the map |
complete response, proc step | source | 9 |
| 70 | Creating Your First Data Entry System Using PROC FSEDIT | Steven A. Wilson | The SAS/FSP product contains two useful procedures, PROC FSEDIT and PROC FSBROWSE, which allow SAS System users to edit and browse a SAS data set in a full-screen, interactive mode. Fully customizable screens may also be built via these procedures for presenting the data. When these screens are properly designed and implemented, they allow you to create a fully functioning data entry system. While the majority of issues discussed in this paper concern PROC FSEDIT basics, there are other issues that must be addressed to turn a PROC FSEDIT screen into a data entry system. This paper will show you how to develop a simple data entry system using the SAS System. In ten (10) simple steps a basic, stand-alone data entry system will be designed that can be used without any knowledge of the SAS System. Another important feature available for use with PROC FSEDIT screens is the SAS Screen Control Language. Only a minimal amount of SCL is discussed in this paper |
proc step, dataset, catalog entry | source | 10 |
| 71 | Creating Your First Data Entry System Using PROC FSEDIT | Steven A. Wilson | This collection of screen images are reproduced from a paper of the same name in the SUGI21 Proceedings Beginning Tutorials section. Please refer to that paper for the accompanying text for these screen images. Step 2) Create an Emptv Data Set | proc step, cpu time | source | 10 |
| 72 | Cross Platform Generation of Reports from Oracle Using SAS on MVS, Macintosh and A/X | Marvyn M. Lindsey | The objective of this paper is to discuss the implementation of a system to generate reports from an Oracle database using the unique features and functionality of SAS'" on each of three different computing platfonns: MVS, Macintosh and AIX. This paper will discuss how the CSU Chancellor's Office Corporate Information Systems team developed a system to generate over 300 annual reports from an Oracle7 database using SAS/MACINTOSH. These reports had been previously generated via COBOL from flat files on MVS. The methodology that was developed makes use of SAS/CONNECT'" and Base SAS'" on all three platforms, SAS/ACCESS'" for Oracle and PROC REPORT on AIX, and SASIEIS'" and FRAME'" on the Macintosh |
proc step, proc report, proc printto, sample, batch job, flat file, quality assurance, sas programming, elapsed time, macro variable | source | 6 |
| 73 | CRSP Data Retrieval and Event Study Analysis in $AS Software: Sample Programs and Programming Tips | Donald P. Cram | Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) data users would preferlo leave behind the Fortran programs that are most commonly used to retrieve and analyze CRSP data. But while a SUGI 20 paper (Ratnaraj & Katzman) explained the theoretical benefts of using SAS·to deliver CRSP and other large databases at a major US business SChool, and while SAS/ETS"'s PROC DATASOURCE has been available since 1993, tt appears that certain supporting central files at each site, general programming tips, and sample SAS/ETS and Base SAS programs are needed. This paper is intended to address these gaps in service to existing and would-be CRSP SAS users. Tha main contribution is an extended sample program which executes an "event study", one of the most ccmmon CRSP data apprlCations. using central files installed at the Stanford Graduate School of Business site. But first, I define CRSP data and describe tts use |
proc step, sample, dataset, macro variable, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 74 | Customized Reports from PROC LlFETEST | Sheng Luo, Xinsheng Lin |
nle SAS <!> LlFETIlST pro":dure has been US<:d ftequently to estimate retention rates of the insurance policies by the authors. Though tile output .listing generated from the PROC LIFETEST is very convenient for statisticians to look at all bells aad whistles, it is often not easy to rcad and digest by clients who have only limited knowledge of survival analysis. One problem is that many stratum specified in tile PROC LlFETEST result in many pages of survival tables, so tIlet it is bard for the clients, or even statisticians, to compare rates among stratum, Another problem is that some stalistical terms, such as censored observation, Log-rank, Wilcoxon, are beyond client's concerns, \Vhat the clients need most of time is a concise, summary report. This paper discusses two specific customized report layouts; and shows how to use the PROC FORMAT, tile PROC SUMMARY, the PROC LlFETEST and the PROC TABULA TIl to generale the customized reports |
proc step, sample, class variable, proc tabulate | source | 5 |
| 75 | Data about Data: An Introduction to Dictionary Tables | Frank C. Dilorio, Nancy J. Michal |
proc step, dictionary tables, dataset, macro variable, out=, proc sql, options statement, proc print, proc contents, %if-%then-%else, macro definition | source | ||
| 76 | Data Management in Clinical Trials Made Easy | Fiona Campbell-Daigle | The Ottawa Civic Hospital's Clinical Epidemiology Unit (CEU) is the data management coordinating centre for approximately 13 multicentre clinical trials. Each trial has varying data management needs which trial coordinators may not be trained to perform. Along with these needs come many different time requirements. Many of these requirements entail access to data and the generation of standard monthly reports, tables and graphics. Due to the constant high demand on the data management team and the varying data management experience of the trial coordinators, these requirements could not always be achieved in the desired time periods. This lead to the development of a 'user friendly' SAS, environment to incorporate the ability for trial coordinators to access data and generate a variety of standard reports at their own discretion. Through the use of SAS/AF, FSP, SCl and BASE SAS, an interactive data management and reporting system was developed to perform such routine tasks |
clinical trial, data governance | source | 4 |
| 77 | Data Summary: Beyond the Basics | Susan J. Slaughter, Lora D. Delwiche |
One of the most common tasks performed with SAS software is the calculation of totals, counts, and other | proc step, set statement, retain, proc print, proc means, class variable, proc freq | source | 7 |
| 78 | Data Transfer between SAS Software and Other PC Software | J. Michael Miscisin | The SAS system is a robust tool for interrogating large databases and for performing statistical analyses. Much of the PC software now available is very user friendly and can produce high quality presentations and graphics quite easily. At some point though, the date one requires will not be in the proper format or on the most appropriate platform. This paper will explore simple and practical solutions to transfer. data between SAS and some ofthe most popular PC-based software packages in use today (Lotus 1-2-3<, Microsoft EXCEL", ParadoX". etc.) via ASCII files. Specifically, the creation of flat files from the DATA STEP and PROC TABULATE using various delimiters as well as the means to create SAS data sets from flat files constructed on PC-based software will be demonstrated. Creating Simple Flat Files Creating flat files for SAS Data sets can be accomplished quickly and easily |
flat file, dataset, character variable, numeric variable, put statement, proc step, do loop, missing value, set statement, macro definition | source | 5 |
| 79 | Data Warehouse + Microsoft Windows NT = A Perfect Solution for Client/Server Computing | Joe Wang | SAS Institute Inc. claims that it has all the tools for users to extract data for, organize data in, and explore data from their Data Warehouse. But .how will users build the Data Warehouse for their companies? What are the network, hardware, software, and SAS products configurations needed to build Data Warehouse in various size companies? MicroSoft's NT Server is a promising star as the operating system for an application server. Bundled with the BackOffice offer: Sal server, SNA server, Systems Management Server, and M ail server, this is an ideal clienVserver platform for a company's downsizing project. For small to midsize companies, this paper will show you how to design an Integrated network, hardware, software, and SAS products architecture for users to build their Data Warehouse on Windows NT Servers | source | 8 | |
| 80 | Data-Independent Application Development with SAS/ AF Software FRAME Entry | John Leveille, Don Williams |
One of the great beneftts of Object~Or"lented Programming (OOP) is the ability to create applications that are independent of the data they manipulate. Recent releases of the SAS System have realized this capability through the SAS/AF Software FRAME Entry. This paper outlines techniques for developing objectooOriented applications by referencfng an actual application recently developed at SAS Institute. This paper describes the implementation and benefits of an object~oriented Model-Vje~ Controller (MVC) approaCh for displaying data. The benefits include presenting data from a single SAS data set in a list and form view simultaneously. Flexible field and data set modeling allows the physiCal structures of the apprrcation data to change without affecting the application. Variable types and lengths can change, new variables can be added, and variables can be removed from the SAS data set without the need to redesign, recade, or recompile |
catalog, proc step | source | 7 |
| 81 | Database Marketing and Business Geographies | Mark Brown, Jack Bulkley |
data mining, data science, financial services, insurance claims, gain chart | source | 6 | |
| 82 | Decision Support - A Quick Turnaround System Using SAS Software | Tony Brown, Ed Forman |
This paper describes some of the design and technical processes and steps Rapp Collins uses in rapidly creating a marketing decision suppon system using the SAS' System. These systems are designed to tum large volumes of legacy data into useful information. It includes the usage of SAS' and SYBASE· as data warehouse repositories, and the creation of SAS AFIFRAME· user interfaces. The paper includes specifics on data aggregation, shaping, and indexing for decision suppon. It also shows coding aspects of some of the SAS AFIFRAMEISCL· drill-down mechanisms used to navigate the warehouse. Client-server efficiency, maintenance, and operations considerations are addressed as well. SAs" Software is installed on IBM 3090 Mainframes under DOSlVSE", UNIX HP900 platforms uoder HP/uX·, and PC's using Windows NT and Wmdows 3.11 | proc sql, data warehouse, sample | source | 6 |
| 83 | Delving into the Data Warehouse: Levels of Analysis for a Three-Tier Survey Analysis System | David J. Ross | The implementation of a three-tier, enterprise wide data warehouse solution using SAS requires a clear framework of analysis for deployment and utilization of information. This is accomplished by defining a metadata repository (information about the data), procedures (to access and organize information), and levels of analysis (for storage considerations, and accessibility for novice and knowledgeable users). A case study using survey analysis is presented for a warehouse deployment in a client/server environment, demonstrating SAS file structures, appropriate SAS procedures, and methods. Finally, suggestions are made for Wrappering the components of the system within clear business | proc step, data warehouse, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 84 | Determining the Expected Mean Squares and Subsequent Power Calculations: An Application to Biostatistics | Jon M. Lindenauer, Eric C. Burdge, John W. Philpot |
effect size, sample, power analysis, sample size | source | 5 | |
| 85 | Developing a Theatre Information Tool Using the $AS System | James D. Ryan | Selecting plays to be included in onocad ___ n is an arduous process; one which often begins a year in advance 01 the first ~_ There .... nu"",""," _ thef,,",ulty oansid..". including the ~ _10 1hose students (cast and crews) who will porticipa!e directly in the c:t<!MI!Ive _. _. for .. _ proouction 10 succeed both artistically and eommercialty. careful eanslderollon must be peid 10 1he tastes oI1he population ..... Which supporlS the univendy'. produotions. The Emporia Stale University _ Audiance Survey is en instrument whose purpose is 10 proride a greeter understanding 01_ who oIIend ESU prodUCtions .. _ as their 1heatricaI preferel teeS. It is a valuebfa tooj to enhanee1he efIk:iency of our p~ oampejgn. The SAS Sy$tem is en easy and elfedive ~ 10 ~ the survey and ~y inc ....... _ The principal stoIistieal ICloI used for analysis is the chi square prccedure found in PROC FREQ, in oddilion PROC CHARI'. PROC PLOT and PROC REG were usedloderivelnformaticn. The survey d |
proc step, proc freq | source | 4 |
| 86 | Developing Applications & Development Tools Using Release 6.11 of the SAS System | Merry G. Rabb, Philip H. Van Dusen, Stuart B. Levine |
Since Version 6 of the SAS System was introduced, SASfAF software has been a powerful device for the development of both custom applications and reusable tools. The latest release of the product in Release 6.11 has augmented that power with the addition of many new widgets and features. These new features add to the list of items that can be developed as reusable tools and stored in a tools repository, or toolbox. This can make a toolbox an even more useful resource for applications developers, but also can add to the challenge of maintaining it. This paper will discuss some of the new features, how they can be used, and some concepts to consider when developing and maintaining a tools repository | catalog, catalog entry | source | 7 |
| 87 | Developing Applications the SAM Way | Steve Binning, Annette Runsteen |
access control, catalog entry | source | 5 | |
| 88 | Developing Applications with The SAS System | Juli Staub Perr | The desktop has become an important arena fOT the generation of key applications in many enterprises. U 1$ also the playground for the most innovative technologies for applications available in the industry. This presentatiOn will demonstrate the methodologies that SAS software uses that allow you' to take advantage of the graphical user interfaces {GUI} and the features of object oriented (00) rapid applications development. You will be introduced to two development tools, SASI AF and SAS/EIS software. tncluded in the discussion will be a comparison of these two tools and how you can use each to develop applications either independently or 'in combination with one another. Also included is a behind the scenes look at SeL driven SAS/AF FRAME Entries |
source | 10 | |
| 89 | Developing Native Help for SAS/AF Applications | Chris Hemedinger | options statement, catalog | source | ||
| 90 | DevlS: Motorola's Near-Real-Time Device and Visualization System Using SAS/AF Software and SCL | Larry Worley, Jim Nelson |
This paper provides an overview of DevlS, a near-real time information retrieval and visualization system developed for device engineers at Motorola's MOS-11 metallic oxide semi-conductor fabrication facility in Austin, Texas. The system was developed to provide device engineers and their managers with an easy-to-use point and~click environment for navigating an hierarchical data structure with a wide variety of reports. The system was written using SAS/AF, SAS/SCL, SAS/FSP and SAS/ACCESS. In addition, the reports provided by DevlS also use the SAS Base and Macro code, SAS/GRAPH, SAS/QD!>, and SASISTAr |
oracle, data step | source | 6 |
| 91 | Easy Economic Extraction ex Enormous Entities (or Big Becomes Beautiful) | Prudence R. Phillips, Pippa M. Simpson |
Important quantitative economic analysis at the Australian National University (ANU) mainly relies on access to a large international trade dataset. Prior to 1986, this was achieved by programmers accessing data stored on magnetic tape, with turnaround of up to 2 monthsl This was reduced in 1991 to around 1 week, but now .... what a difference SAS, SASlAF and a dedicated server have made I We discuss the design and Implementation phases of the now popular STARS' system at AN.U, giving the features that users liked and some of the reasons that the system was successful. The trials and tribulations encountered along the way are presented together with how we deaH with them. Our presentation is suitable for applications managers and developers | dataset, proc print | source | 4 |
| 92 | Enumeration Technique for Efficient Clinical Laboratory Reports | Matthew J. Becker | The clinical laboratory reports may be a source of discouragement for any level of SAS· programmer. Conventional methods at STATPROBEs Inc. consisted of generating new progri'uns for each report and project. The reasoning was that different projects contained different laboratory parameters. Therefore, a standard laboratory reporting macro would contain branching conditions for projects with different laboratory parameters. To remedy this situation.. a laboratory enumeration file is generated that is included by a standard laboratory reporting macro. The enumeration file consists of maeto variables defining the laboratory parameter, a descriptive name, units, and the output format. Indexing the macro variables with increasing numerical values beginning at one (1) allows for macro do~loop processing in the standard laboratory report macro when generating the report. STATPROSE, Inc. established the enumeration technique to build efficiency in the reporting of clinical laboratory data | macro variable, macro loop, laboratory data, macro definition | source | 3 |
| 93 | Estimating and Evaluating Correlation Structures in Repeated Measures Designs Using the GLM and MIXED Procedures | Maribeth H. Johnson, Tom Baranowski |
The relationships between repeated measurements are important in assessing reliability and tracking of those measurements. The proper vanance-covariance structure in the analysis mooel is essenUal to the understanding and interpretation of those relationships. The assumption of compound symmetry necessary for correctly using the intra class correlation as a measure of tracking can be tested against other variance structures using PROC MIXED. This paper compares the variance, covariance and correlation estimates obtained from the GLM and MIXED procedures of SAS/STAT on two sets afdata, one of which has missing data |
correlation, covariance, covariance structure, proc genmod, proc step, proc mixed, likelihood function, anova | source | 5 |
| 94 | Estimating Optimal Transformations in Non-Linear Models | Nicholas Scott Cardell, Dan Steinberg |
While the subject of searching for optimal power and other transformations has been thoroughly ex plored in the context of linear regression, methods for finding such transforms in common nonlinear models such as probit, logit, and survival mod els have received far less attention. In this paper the authors show how a Gauss-Newton parameter update algorithm can be used to iterate the trans forms to convergence via repeated re-estimation of the nonlinear model. The estimation strategy is very general and can be applied to binomial logit, the Cox proportional hazard. model, and a general multi-state multi-spell hazard model (Continnous Time Model) introduced by Heckman and Singer (1984). The methods discussed are simple to im plement because they use only standard software packages, yield asymptotically correct standard er rors, and can be expected to exhibit better numerical performance than custom-written software for the more general problem | regression analysis, likelihood function, proc nlin, predictor variable, proc reg, logistic distribution, proc phreg, logistic regression, proc calis, competing risks | source | 6 |
| 95 | Exact Methods in the NPAR1WAY Procedure | Anupama Narayanan, Donna L. Watts |
Exact nanparametric methods hava an advantage ovar asymptotic methods since they remain valid for very small sample sizes, as well as for data that are sparse, skBwed, or heavily tied. However, computing exact p-values by direct enumerati0n can be very time-consuming, and may be in feasbl. for many problems. OVer the past few years, many new algor~hms for exact computations have been pub lished. Beginning w~h Release 6.11 of the SAS@ System, exact p-values are available in the NPAR1WAY procedure. This procedure uses Mehta and Patel's network algor~hm, substantially reducing the computationaLeffort required. The NPAR1WAY procedure computes exact p-values for the simple linear rank statistics based 'on Wilcoxon scores, median scores, Van der Waerden scores, and Savage scores. Exact p-values are computed for these statistics when the data ana classijjed into two levels (two-sample tests), and when the data are classnied in10 more than twO levels (multi-sample tests) |
sample, null hypothesis, proc step, response variable, normal distribution, class variable, clinical trial | source | 5 |
| 96 | Examining the File Contribution Server: Interesting Applications | Richard D. Langston | This paper describes a few of the sample programs that have been contributed to the File Contribution SeNer that is maintained at the University of Georgia | sample, proc freq, sample size, proc step, covariance | source | 4 |
| 97 | Experiences with Remote Library Services, Choosing the Right Platform | Teresia L. Arthur | The Management Information Systems (MIS) department at SAS Institute Inc. uses SAS" software to develop all in-house applications. Many of these applications use remote library services (SASISHARE") to allow muHiple-user access from multiple platforms to the data simultaneously. This paper discusses the following MIS experiences in using remote library services: o Deciding what operating system to house the data when users from various operating systems will be accessing it. o Fine tuning for performance. How to begin with remote library services and the differences on various platforms. Auto-backup issues. o SAS/SHARE server maintenance. The Problem As the technology available to a SAS applications developer increases, it is easy to lose track of the seemingly endless ways to program various tasks, In addition, our client/server worid makes knowledge of multiple operating systems Imperative |
libname statement, dataset | source | 9 |
| 98 | Exploring Economic Time Series with PROC ARIMA | Joseph E. Earley | This _ explains '-the $AS procedure PACC ARlMA may be used to identify. eslimole and for"","" 0<""""'"' time series. '!'he ACF. IACF ond PACF functions "'" 0",,1_ and usocI to identify en apPfOPriete Arima(p.d.q) model. Also discussed is dilfOf""';ng fot -..rity. To illustrate these concepts. several COI"ffMognvns 8ffl prQS&nted for the economic time series Gross Ocmostic Product (=GDP) and Unemployment | time series analysis, proc step, sample | source | 4 |
| 99 | Extending SAS/EIS Software | Ann Weinberger | SASIEIS software provides objects that are ready to use without modifications. Th .... objects provide most of the Information delivery requirements many users need. However. SAS/EIS also enables you to extend, enhance and customize SASIEIS objects to meet your specific information delivery ne&ds. This paper describes the different ways that SAS/ETS objects may be customized, focusing on techniques available with Release 6.11 ofSASIEIS |
catalog entry, data standard | source | 7 |
| 100 | Find SAS Errors and Make Corrections Quicker: An Enhancement of the VMS EVE Editor | Lewis Fountain | This paper discusses two EVE editor (VMS operating system) commands you can use to easily find $AS errors in LOG files, switch to the line in the SAS file Which has the error, and make the correction. The EVE commands can be added to the base EVE editor in less than 1 hour. One command searches lOG fiies for a variety of strings associated with SAS errors. Upon identifying the line of code that produced the error, you may position the cursor before the text that caused the error and then execute the second command, switching to the corresponding line in the SAS file that produced the error so that K may be COl'I$(:!ed. You may then switch back to the LOG file at the point where you exited it and continue looking for more errors, and switch back to the SAS ftle to make corrections. The two EVE edKor commands greatly speed up the time it takes to search for and correct errors. INTRODucnON Locating SAS errors can involve time consuming paging or sea,ching through LOG lites | error message, sample | source | 2 |
| 101 | Fine-tuning Project Management of Clinical Data Processing with SAS Software | James Sun, Connie X. Li |
Clinical trial data processing is a critically important element of new drug development. This paper discusses an information system built with SAS. It frees managers from some of daily routings to just collect on-going projects' status information. It also act as a desktop time management tool for all the employee involved in the project. With SAS's rich capability, the system provides the managers with useful tools to perform analysis for the business process. This is one of significant advantage for such SAS based system over other over-the-shelf scheduling and project management software | proc step, clinical trial | source | 4 |
| 102 | FRAME Your Mainframe Batch Applications | Michael L. Davis | SAS developers often prefer to design applications that run on desktop computers using client-server technology. However, when the applications must read tape data sets too large to warehouse on a disk· based server, some batch processing is usually required. Fortunately, it is unnecessary to forego friendly and flexible graphical user interfaces (CUls) when portions of an application must be run in batch. Bassett Consulting Services, Inc. has developed an application for a large financial services client that marries a desktop CUI to sophisticated batch processing. OS/2 and Microsoft Windows client computers, running the SAS System, write the MVS batch jobs. Selections are made from graphical screens coded as SAS/AF FRAME entries. The tape volume (VOlSER) directories and program catalogs are maintained on a file server where they can be shared by dient computers. The application consults the VOlSER directory so that only the needed tapes are mounted |
dataset, catalog entry, batch job, sample | source | 10 |
| 103 | FRAME Your View of Data with the SQL Procedure | Kirk Paul Lafler | The SQL view is a powerful feature of the relational model. Data becomes visible as a ftamed picture through wbich you can see infonnation. This paper presents the many features of an SQL view and how it can be used as a building block by users and application programmers alike. A tutorial approach will be used to illustrate the virtues found in building, using, and exploring the numerous practical applications of viewing data | proc sql, order by, select, create view, group by, proc step | source | 4 |
| 104 | FRAME-Ing Graphs: Using Graphical FRAME Objects to Replace PROC GREPLAY and Templates | Arthur L. Carpenter | proc step, proc greplay, catalog entry | source | 7 | |
| 105 | From MVS to UNIX: A SAS/AF Migration Tool | Philip James Busby, Arturo Barnos, Sally M. Muller |
This paper is intended for application developers who want to provide users with an easy and intuitive interface for deleting, browsing, and moving many different kinds of files from an IBM mainfrante to the UNIX environment. The system described, called the TERMINATOR, is a SAS/AF application. The TERMINATOR presents IBMlMVS TSO users with a list of all of their files (or subset if specified) and as much helpful information as can be obtained from the operating system about each file. The user indicates an action for each file (delete, browse, or move) and when the user says "Go!" the TERMINATOR starts to execute |
sas library, proc step | source | 7 |
| 106 | From Report and Analysis Plan to SAS Report Programs - The Mass Production of Report Skeleton Programs | Sam X. Ye | A Report and Analysis Plan (RAP) for a clinical study is the central document for SAS report writing. The major part of a RAP consists of a number of customized tables called mock-ups. Final report tables sbould be the same as mock-ups with real data displayed. Because of the diversity and complexity of custom tables and the need for last minute modifications, coding to reproduce a mock-up table in a SAS program is time consuming. And coding needs to be done for eacb distinct table, one by one. The Mass Production Approach (MP approach) presented in dtis paper is a data-driven approach. Using dtis technique, the time consuming process described above for an entire study can be finished instantly, provided that the text file of mock-ups exists. The difficult coding effort becomes a simple task of assigning program names for tables in a program-writer macro | macro variable, randomization, put statement | source | 7 |
| 107 | FSLETTER for a Very Detailed Report | Kimberly J. LeBouton | When I was given a new assignment for a very detailed report that was basicaUy seven reports on one page. I was determined not to use 1tp'()'T1 statements. After some research which ruled out PROC REPORT, I decided that PROC FSLElTER would solve my problems. This: paper will serve as a guide to using FROe FSLE1TER: . preparing your data to be 'Ionelf detailed record; setting up a catalog to save, modify. and print your report; and using SAS formats to get around some of the quirk' ofPROC FSLEITER |
proc step, put statement | source | 3 |
| 108 | Fully Integrated Systems for Clinical Development in the PharmaceuticalIndustry | Andrew Lawton | The power and flexibility of computer software and hardware grow and grow every year, yet the applications used within the pharmaceutical Industry have not reached me potential. Rather than new applications letting us realised our dreams, they concentrate more on the trivia while purporting to deal with the global concepts | clinical data, pharmaceutical industry | source | 3 |
| 109 | Gaining Efficiency With SAS Software | Kirk Paul Lafler | With the ever increasing popularity of SAS Software amOng programmers and users, guidelines for its efficient use become increasingly important. This paper presents a collection of tecimiques for gaining efficiency when using SAS Software. Areas deserving special consideration include program execution, 110, disk space as well as an often overlooked item known as program maintenance. Sample code is presented to illustrate numerous practical techniques as to why some | proc sql, cpu time, dataset, drop statement | source | 6 |
| 110 | Getting a FRAME Entry Application Built in a Research Environment | Charlotte Corelle | The author tells the story of a menu-driven system built at the Center for Health Research to let researchers use information in the automated phannacy database of a large health maintenance organization | data dictionary, relational database | source | 8 |
| 111 | Getting into a New FRAME Of Mind-OOP with SAS Software FRAME Entry | Paul Butler | The transition from ttadltional modular or structured program design to an object oriented approach is often a gradual one. Programmers not experienced in implementing applications using the OOP paradigm :frequenl1y continue to nse structured techniques and slowly incorporate ooP strategies as they become familiar and more comfortable with them. It is likely many SAS Pmme Ently progmnuners follow this trend. This paper will examine three different techniques nsed to perform the same task (employing the SAS Prame Ently), and then make comparisons as to the ease of their implementation and the degree to which they follow the object oriented model Each method reviewed will use an increasingly object oriented approach, and in so doing illustrate the often deliberate transition when shifting from a structured progrnm.ming methodology to an object oriented one | sample, cpu time | source | 10 |
| 112 | Getting Subtotals and Percentages: It's Never Been So Easy | Christopher Toppe | Getting subtotals and percentages onto a database has always been one of the cnrses of working with SASS data. The most common tecbniques are neither easy to conceptualize nor easy to program. Sorting your data and using FIRST. and LAST. variables is perhaps the standard brute-force prcgramming methodology that we all have learned to use and come to bate. Using PROC MEANS (or PROC |
proc sql, group by, proc step, by group processing, proc means, create table, dataset, sas base | source | 6 |
| 113 | Hands-on Workshop for the FSEDIT and FSVIEW Procedures | Marge Scerbo, Alan C. Wilson |
PRoe FSEDIT and FSVIEW are procedures in SAS/FSP'"' software that allow for interactive, real time maintenance and modification of SAS data sets on a record 1eIeI. This workshop allows attendees to perform simple modifications of a SAS data set, including addition, update and deletion of observations. Manipulation of existing and new variable values with the FSVIEW formula definition command will be performed. In FSEDIT, screen parameters wiI be mo<flfied to deJelop an application specific screen. The screen control language (Sel) portion of FSEDIT will not be covered |
proc step, where statement, dataset, character variable, numeric variable, libname statement | source | 7 |
| 114 | Health Care Applications of Statistical Process Control: Examples Using the SAS System | Robert N. Rodriguez | Heafth catll applications ptllsent a new frontier for statis tical process control (SPC) methods. Intetllst in SPC is driven by Ii desira to implOve patient outcomas in the face of capitation, cost reduction, competition, and changing health care industry standards. This paper illustrates the use 01 SAS software to analyze healthcatll data with .. charts, p charts, control charts for individual measurements, analysis 01 means for rates and proportions. simuftaneous confidence intervals for pIOportions. and basic forecasting | macro definition, proc calis | source | 16 |
| 115 | Health Care Atlas of New York State Using SAS/GRAPH Software | Michael S. Zdeb | macro variable, proc step, bar chart, dataset, data step | source | 8 | |
| 116 | Health Care Transformation: The Role of Technology | Greg Rogers, Ellen Joyner |
A growing number of health care organizations are faced with a simple question of "How can we improve quality while at the same time lower cost and remain competitive?" Industry role models have proven that appropriately applied improvement and transformation principles have resulted in an order-of-magnitude improvement. This paper explores how some of these same techniques and approaches can be applied to the medical industry. We first review some of the causes that have forced a change in health care and some of the chaUenges that the industry is faced with. Nex~ this paper provides some insight on how health care change can be accomplished from a scientific and technology perspective through a quality management and transformation approach. Finally, Some examples of how these approaches and techniques can be applied are highlighted | proc freq, quality of service | source | 9 |
| 117 | Helping Nonstatisticians Visualize Quantitative Relationships: Using JMP Software's Unique Visualization Tools in the Business Environment | Palmer Morrel-Samuels | data science, data visualization | source | 3 | |
| 118 | Helping the HELPLINE - SASIAF to the Rescue: A Step-by-Step Guide | Verna Brantley, Helen Untern |
This paper focuses on the how to's for developing an on line information system for querying data using SAS/AF software (frame entries), SASIFSP software and SCL (Screen Control Language). The system was created under SAS 6.09 on a UNIX platform but is not limited to UNIX. This application was developed for telephone representatives in the health care arena who needed quick and efficient ways to respond to cust<?mers. The techniques used to build the system can be easily modified to suit any application. As newcomers to the applications development arena. the authors provide a gentle step-by step guide of the "behind the scenes' techniques used in development |
proc step, where statement | source | 6 |
| 119 | Hidden Gems in the SAS System | Steven J. First | The SAS system has a wealth of features that makes it so unique, and sometimes those features are not obvious or easy to find In documentation. This paper will look at several new features, as well as some features that have been around for a while, that we have found to be useful | proc step, dataset, data step, sas library, proc print, put statement, macro variable, trailing @ | source | 10 |
| 120 | Households Touched by Crime: A Method for Counting Clusters of Units Affected by an Event of Interest | Lawrence W. Altmayer | This paper describes a system for producing estimated rates of households "touched by crime" from the National Crime Victimization Survey, fur data year 1994, 'The system makes use ofSAS macros for carrying variables from one DATA STEP to anotl'l=r, and code consolidation. It also makes use of arrays. to keep data needed for analysis, beyond 'the initial (incident) level. Arrays are needed both to keep a running 'tally of aO crimes occurring in !:!le_ household, and following this, to give a "flag" indicating a crime of a speci.fictyJ)e has occulTed. The system uses PRoe TABULATE forthe severn1 stages of table production. The system was written in ~ UNIX operating system, but can be used under others, with minimal changes. The system -is intended fur u.scrs with a beginning to intermediate knowledge ofSAS |
sample, by group processing | source | 4 |
| 121 | How SAS Software Users Can Benefit from the Internet | Helen D. Carey, Ginger Carey |
The Internet is the largest collection of interconnected networks in the world. As the Internet grows exponentially, so does the number of SAS software users accessing it as part of their daily work activities. The vast amount of information on the Internet can be overwhelming. This paper describes the access tools of the Internet, the location of helpful SAS resources, reasons for using the Internet, and how to find information so that you benefit from the Internet and not just access it. You can enjoy an enormous amount of information on the Internet | group by, service provider | source | 10 |
| 122 | How to Handle a Hot Date (Fancy and Not So Fancy Date Manipulation with SAS Software) | David E. Beam | One of the areas that SAS Software excels is the powerful capabilities to do sequential date processing. This paper will present a brief overview of how SAS handles dates, and some examples of conversions required to read in a variety of dates | sysdate9, date variable | source | 3 |
| 123 | Implementation of a Barcode Interface to an Existing SAS Database Using SAS/AF and SAS/FSP Software, and SAS Screen Control Language | Lee Maddy | The Investment Recovery Facility of Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation is both a depository for items that have completed their useful life cycle at tha company, and a processing facility that produces high quality paper and metal raw materials to be sold for further production. In an effort to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the operation's inventory, the combination of SAS Software and Norand UHF radio-frequency technology was chosen to implement the IRDBMS" (Investment Recovery Database Barcode Management System). The system provides a solution for automating the management of data for a paper and metals processing/recycling facility. This paper focuses on the incorporation" of SAS Version 6.08 operating in the MVS environment, radio frequency, and barcode technology in order to maintain and deliver on-line real-time inventory information for a recycling facility | proc freq, lookup | source | 5 |
| 124 | Improving the Quality of Survey Data through an Interactive Data Analysis System | Robert Hood, Mark Apodaca |
The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), an agency of the u.s. Department of Agriculture, conducts surveys to provide ~curate and reliable agricultural forecasts and estimates for a variety of commodities. To ensure and improve the qnality of its survey data, NASS has recently begun to develop and use SAS-based inforntation systems. Currently, much time is spent editing incoming data with little time available for analysis before data are summarized. Present analysis tools are limited to data listings and outlier printouts. Wbile usefu~ they are somewhat limited in the problems they flag, and resolution of problems generally involves time consuming review of paper questionnaires or data files. The time between data collection and summarization is very limited and must be used as efficiently as possible. The authors bave developed a SAS-based application to imer~vely analyze survey data to improve the quality of data going to summary | bar chart, txt, dataset, outlier | source | 8 |
| 125 | Imputation of Data Missing Due to Truncation --- A SAS Macro for Maximum Likelihood Estimates Using Symmetry Property | Zhengyu Wang, ViswanaThan Ramakrishnan, John M. Davis |
Clinical trials comparing treatments that follow patients over a period often suffer from patient dropouts either due to clinical improvement or deterioration. These dropouts are usually due to a particular response to a treatment or due to lack of efficacy rather than occurring at random, Most missing data methods operate under the assumptions that the dropouts are "missing at random," which usually does not hold, There are only a few methods try to tackle the problem of data missing due to truncation, It has been shown that these methods can not provide satisfactory results in the truncated distribution. Under the assumption of a symmetric distribution for the random error in a model at any given time point, a SAS macro program to produce symmetric maximum likelihood estimation for truncated data has been developed | normal distribution, imputation, missing value, regression analysis, covariance, sample, maximum likelihood estimation, likelihood function, repeated measures | source | 6 |
| 126 | Integrating SAS Software into a Legacy System or How to Keep a Foot in the 21st Century While Dragging along the 19th | David Hrivnak | Acid Division at Eastman Chemical Company, integrated 4th Generation Languages (SAS), data warehousing, concepts of Object Oriented Programming System (OOPS), and client-server concepts into our "legacy" Manufacturing Information System (MIS). This approach gave us a 5-fold improvement in productivity and substantial new functionality at a minimum cost. We focused on relatively low tech, but effective, uses of the tools to integrate newer technology with. the old. This information would be helpful to managers and beginning SAS programmers | sample, laboratory data, proc step | source | 8 |
| 127 | Integrating the SAS System for Personal Computers into Your Enterprise | Gary Mehler | To utilize !he full potential 01 SAS System software 01'1 the personal oomputer. your PC should be fully integrated into ycur enterprise. SAS System produ,"" for the PC prOllide many ollent/server arohitectures that Information System designers can use to access. update and analyze the entire spectrum 01 enterprise ~ SAS System cnentlsetVe( products are in1roduoed in different Pc based scenarios and several PC, network and SAS System configuration suggestions are presented to help ycu get better returns from ycur hardware and 50_ investment | proc step, traffic data, dataset, sas base, excel, where statement, sample, proc sql | source | 9 |
| 128 | Introducing Release 6.11 of the SAS System for Personal Computer | Carol Williams Rigsbee | Release 6.11 of the SAS System for Per· sonal Computers provides support for Mi crosoft Windows 3.1 using Win32s technol· ogy, Windows 95, Windows NT, and OS~ Warp. With this release, the SAS System incrementally improves both its user inter face and its interoperabilijy with other PC applications. This paper discusses both new features and incremental enhancements to the user interface. This paper also intro duces the SAS System for Windows 95, detailing the new user interface features that are consistent with the new look and feel for Windows 95. Interoperability topics include electronic mail, lotus Notes, OLE 2.0, the OBoe driver, and access to extemal DlLs. This paper discusses the support provided by the SAS System on Windows NT to ac cess data sets that are larger than 2 giga bytes | dataset, sas output, excel | source | 9 |
| 129 | Introduction to SAS/GRAPH Software | Kent S. Smoak | proc step, proc freq | source | 7 | |
| 130 | It'S Not a Bug, It's a Feature!! | Neil H. Howard, Linda Williams Pickle, James B. Pearson Jr. |
proc step, put statement, missing value, proc print, proc contents, sas log, proc freq, cpu time | source | ||
| 131 | JOining Strategies Access to All Data | Caroline C. Bahler, Stephen Clos |
One of the strengths of the SAS system is that it provides many different options for joining data values from many different data structures. The selection of a joining tool is dependent on the software environment of the parent data struc tures, the required contents of the child data set and what tool is the most system resource effi cient During the application development pro cess, care should be taken to bench-mark join ing tools to ensure selection of the correct soft ware environment and tool for the job | merge statement, inner join, by group processing, proc sql, proc step, full join | source | 5 |
| 132 | Latent-Variable, Structural-Equation Modeling with PROC CALIS | Larry Hatcher | TIlis paper shows how to use the SAS System's PROC CAUS to perform path analysis with latent variables. This is a type 01 structural equation modeling that is popularly aSSociated with the LlSREl program (Joreskog & Sorbom,1989). TIlls paper describes a two-phase procedure recommended by Anderson and Gerbing (1988) In which you (a) first use cOnfirmatory lactor analysis to develop an adequate measurement model, and (b) then follow up by performing II latent-variable path analysis. For each phase, it shOws hOw to draw a program figure that identifies all of the parameters lD be estimated, and how to convert this program figure into the required PROC CALIS program |
proc calis, proc step, covariance, latent variable, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, factor loading | source | 10 |
| 133 | Let Them Build Their Own Reports | Allan M. Kominek | This paper will discuss an approach to a reporting facility for an activity/document tracking system. The reporting facility grew out of the myriad requests for reports from the tracking system. Rather than having the support group constantly creating new reports or modifying existing ones, the users can build their own reports. The reports are created through a series of interactive screens. The user selects the level of detail required in the report and fills in a number of blanks for sub setting the information. A batch job is created and submitted behind the scenes. The paper will discuss the strengths and shortcomings of the existing reporting facility | data cleaning, batch job, if-then-else, txt | source | 5 |
| 134 | List-Less Code: Energizing Your FRAME Programs Using SCL Lists | David Bromberg | Screen Control Language (SCl) Lists are a critical etement of SASlAF FRAME entries, objects, and widget. and can be used to enhance the flexibility and capabilrties of SCl programs. lists are data deposrtories that can contain an unrestricted mix of character and numeric data that can be extended to memory limit. Lists are deolared, """......:I, transformed, managed, and displayed vi. functions. lists process rapidly because they are manipulated in RAM. Lists are critical to FRAMEs because !hey drive the display of objects. Un_nding lists is Importarit for caprtallzing on the full capabilRies of the SAS FRAME entry, the SASIAF appication environment, and OOP within SAS, | macro call, sysrc | source | 6 |
| 135 | LlFCO - A SAS Application for Container Information in the Maritime Cargo Industry | Andres Medaglia, Edgar Blanco |
excel, data cleaning | source | 5 | |
| 136 | Loading a Data Warehouse with Legacy Data | Clive Cooper, Clare Somerville |
Over a period of three years, three hundred Gbytes of historical data were extracted from 3n operational database and stored on 3,000 IBMTM 3480 tape cartridges. This data is used for management reporting and research purposes. As part of the process of building a data warehouse on a large UNIX server, this data was to be moved to on-line storage on the new platform. Consolidation of the historical data was necessary to reduce the on-line disk storage space required. The consolidation process used PROC COMPARE to remove redundant data which had not changed from one time period to another. This paper gives an overvieW of the project to implement a data warehouse, followed by a description of the process of converting and conSOlidating a high volume collection of historical data |
proc compare, proc step, dataset, proc copy, missing value, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 137 | MACRO Facifity Enhancements for Release 6.09E and Release 6.11 | Jeffrey A. Polzin, Susan M. O'Connor |
This paper summarizes the changes and enhancements which have been added to the macro facility of the SAS System in Release 6.09E and in Release 6.11. These macro enhancements are experimental. Examples of the enhancements wRI tie given in the paper. Additionally I sample macro examples will be made available for access uSing SAS Institute's Internet gateway | macro variable, macro function, macro put, macro definition, call symput, automatic macro variable, decimal, missing value, sas log, sas function, %sysevalf, macro facility, run, put statement, error message, macro debugging, %if-%then-%else | source | 11 |
| 138 | Macros for Calculating Block and Rolling Averages | Randy C. Finch | This paper describes two macros that wotk together to generate either block or rofllng averages of user-specified variables in user specified ciata sets. The code _d before .xec"ling the macros is also shown and explained, | macro variable, macro definition | source | 2 |
| 139 | Macros to Create 3-Dimensional Plots and Charts with SAS/GRAPH Software | Chris Nota, Bill Sawyer |
auc, macro parameter, bar chart, class variable, response variable, sample, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 140 | Mainframe Directions | Gary Burchett, David Quattlebaum |
While SAS development interest has seemed 10 be focused on desktop platforms, mainfiame development staff have been quietly keeping Version 6 of tho SAS System up to date willl tholr respective Operating Systems, adding new functionality, and plaming for the future. This paper discusses some of the ongoing work, portions of which have been del_ along with maintenance to tho 6.08 $AS System, and some of our thinking about the future direction of the SAS System on the mainframe systems | libname statement, macro variable | source | 4 |
| 141 | Making Sense Out of Census Data | Taylor Murray | order by, put statement | source | 2 | |
| 142 | Making the VISUAL Leap From PROC TABULATE to SASIGRAPH Software | Dain Crawford | PROC GeHART along with 1he annotate facility allows you 11> quickly c_large quanti1les of vi.usl reporio that can be personalized to accommodate any specifications. VVhen we decided thetthe output obtained using PROC TABut.AlE no longer fulfilled our needs. SAS/GRAPH was the logical choice. W. have always produced large numbers of personalized reports (as many as 5000 unique pages of reports for one projed), but 1he prospect of translating them inlo graphs oeemed neerly impossible. PROe GCHART. however, actually allowed us to<leore .. e the number of pages we producedwtile at the same time greatly improving the quality and usability of our product. We are able to contr¢1 every aspect of the graph for maximum use of the page space |
proc step, proc gchart | source | 6 |
| 143 | Managing Data for a Long-Term Clinical Research Study with SAS/ASSIST Software | Ioannis C. Dimakos | Meta-analysis allows for the statistical inte gration of research findings across several stud ies. SASIBASE@ procedures were used to calculate meta-analytic indices according to algorithms sug gested by Rosenthal and Rubin (Rosenthal. 1991). SAS/GRAPH@ software provided a graphical repre sentation of the obtained meta-analytic indicators and helped detect possible bias in the stUdies included in the review. The SAS@ code has been simplified to accommodate users of all levels of SAS expertise. 1 Meta-Analysis Briefly Meta-analysis is the "statistical analysis of the |
effect size, standard deviation | source | 1 |
| 144 | Managing SAS Data Sets: A Database Management Perspective | Stephen Clos, Caroline C. Bahler |
Permanent SAS· data sets can be used as a crucial part of the overall "database' environment. As a crucial part of the 'database" environment, constant manual maintenance must be performed On the SAS data sets to optimize DASD usage and to prevent production job abends due to out-of-space conditions, This presentation will discuss the various out-of-space conditions which can occur and the routines which can be developed to avoid these s~uations, In addition, this paper discusses how to use information from PROC CONTENTS, SAS Dictionary Tables using PROC SCjL and a SAS routine which reads the Volume Table Of Contents (VTOC) of a DASD unit as part of a maintenance evaluation process, While this paper is directed toward the use of SAS on a host mainframe (our site is running a MVS operation system), with little or no modifications the same routines discussed could operate on other mainframe operating systems, Development of an evaluation process is the most important step in automating S |
dataset, proc step, proc contents | source | 6 |
| 145 | Managing SAS/AF Application Development on a Local Area Network | Michael Kilhullen, Andrea L. Contino |
As a Lead Application Developer. it becomes important to know the development status of each application without having to spend time to meet with each team. There is a need to ensure that work is not being duplicated, resources are properly allocated. change control is maintained, and standards for GU! interface design are satisfied This paper describes a SASI AF" Frame Entry application designed to satisfy these requirements, expand upon automation of development, unit testing. implementation, and version control. In addition, a number of tools are provided in the application to generate status and summary reports on the development progress and production maintenance. The application takes full advantage of local and centralized development. testing. and production areas on a Local Area Network. Currently. the application focuses on the management of SAS~ catalogs, however, it is envisioned tbat the application will be expanded to manage SAS databases. macros and fonnat hbrarles | data cleaning, audit trail | source | 5 |
| 146 | MARS Modeling in SAS Software USing the Macro Interface to B34S | Houston H. Stokes | The strong data building capabilities of the 5ase SASe system and the statistical and econometric capabilities of the SAS/STATE and SAS/ETSE modules are extended by the CB34SM macro interface, which allows links to the B34se program from within a SAS job. Some of the capability of this link is illustrated using SAS-generated data to estimate a MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regession Splines) model for data containing a break |
proc step, macro definition | source | 5 |
| 147 | Mimic Your Business Process with SAS/EIS Software | Helen-Jean Talbott, Alberto Cordoba |
Many employees perceive and conduct the tasks related to data input, data management, analysis, and reporting as independent actiVities. This comes as no surprise when responsibility for these tasks is dMded amO!19 ""veral people and different products (such as SASlFSP and Base SAS software) are required. SASIEIS software can be your solution to consolidate, organize, and simplify your bUslnesS process making It eaSier to pass data between tasks. reducing system operation errors, and speeding up report generation, This paper demonstrates how SAS/EIS was used with existing hardware to build upon a. SAS/FSP data entry system and to facilitate data file management, data validation, report generalion, upload, download, and update operations |
data cleaning, catalog entry | source | 6 |
| 148 | MIS Swiss Telecom PTT | Jurg Winzeler | source | 8 | ||
| 149 | Mission Impossible: The Trials of SAS Support in a Health Care Research Group | Miriam W. Rosenblatt | The goal of this paper is to share typical problems, challenges and solutions involved in SAS' support in an academic setting. Our department conducts clinical research studies in a teaching hospital, affiliated with Case Western ReserveUniversity. These grant-funded studies are designed by prinCipal investigators who are physician-scientists; they are implemented by the Research Director who oversees the survey research group, the data management group, and the data collection team. As data manager, I oversee at least 7 - 10 studies at any given time. I used SAS for clinical research in the device indUstry for 8 years, and have spent 8 years in academia; thus I have insights from both sectors. When I made the transition from industry to academic research, I had to "throw the book away" on data handling practices I believed were immutable, and develop new approaches to ensure appropriate data rigor | clinical trial, clinical research, data governance | source | 6 |
| 150 | More Informative Scatter Plots - Adding a Third Dimension with Bubbles | Frank Kucera | This paper offers a very simple technique for adding a third di~ menslon to oonvantional scatter plots produced by the GPLOT procedure and the PLOT statement in SAS/GRAPH. A conven tionat scatter plot may be adel::1uate when you are plotting a lim ited number of data pOints.. But when you are plotting a large number of data pOints, there may be many hidden points. These hidden points obscure data distribution within the scatter plot. You can US<> the variable COUNT (Irom the optional output data set 01 the FREO procedure) m the BUBBLE sta!ement of PAOC PLOT to add a frequency dimension where there are hidden data paints |
scatter plot, bubble plot | source | 2 |
| 151 | Multiple Plots Per Page? Graphics and Template Catalogs Make It Easy | Peter P. Gaccione | This paper describes the accumulation and display of two system parameters for a typical Unix client-server based system: number of users per system and load per system. The presentation will describe how the raw data gets to the printed output page, In particular noting the creation of SASfGraph catalogs and the greplaying of their entries. Emphasis will be placed on the setup needed to provide the desired look of multiple plots or graphs on one page of output | proc step, dataset | source | 6 |
| 152 | Multiproject Scheduling Using SASjOR Software | Gehan Corea | proc step, class variable, proc tabulate | source | ||
| 153 | New Age Marketing: Past Life Regression vs. LogisticRegression | C. Olivia Parr Rud | We don' need to examine your past lives to determine your likelihood to buy an insurance policy from us. The ability to identify and measure certain characteristics about your current incarnation will allow us to measure your propensity to purchase our products. Demographic features as well as financial and lifestyle characteristics can easily be modeled using PROC LOGISTIC to calculate your individual probability of purchase behavior |
logistic distribution, regression analysis, logistic regression, proc step, predictor variable, data cleaning, interval variable, response variable, proc logistic, nominal variable, validation set, proc freq | source | 5 |
| 154 | NO MORE MERGE - Alternative Table Lookup Techniques | Dana Rafiee | This tutorial is designed to show you several techniques available for pulling together multiple sets of data for the | proc sql, proc step, lookup, data step, array, macro variable, merge statement, by group processing, format statement | source | 6 |
| 155 | ODBC: Windows to the Outside World | S. David Riba, Elisabeth A. Riba |
Until now SAS" datasets have remained largely inaccessible to non-SAS software packages. This has led to requests such as "How do I get my SAS data into Lotus 1-2-3, EXCEL, xBase, etc. "1 While the SAS" System allows many different ways of retrieving non-SAS data. users have had only a limited ability to directly share their SAS data with other. non-SAS, applications and databases. New to the SAS System for the Windows environment is support for OOSC. OoSC. which stands for Open Data Sase Connectivity. is a Microsoft standard to allow software packages that are compliant with the OOSC specification to exchange information. Through the use of an OOSC engine. compliant software packages such as Lotus 1-2-3, EXCEL, and Paradox can now extract information directly from SAS datasets. In addition, SAS software can now extract information directly from ODBC compliant data sources |
proc sql, excel | source | 10 |
| 156 | OLE and the SAS System for Windows Release 6.11 | Jennifer Bradshaw Clegg, Carol Williams Rigsbee |
This paper describes the support for OLE (object linking and embedding) provided in the SAS System for Windows Release 6.11. Features include support for em bedded and linked objects, drag and drop, visual editing, OLE automation, and OLE controls. OLE support within the SAS System is available in SASI AF FRAME entries and SASIEIS applica tions | excel, output delivery system | source | 10 |
| 157 | Online Documentation of the SAS System: Release 6.11 and Beyond | Kathryn A. Council, Elizabeth Malcom |
The Institute has made a major change in prOduct documentation With Release 6.11 . Reference documentation is being m'lgrated online, with the complete reference library available by the next major release of the SAS System. This paper accompanies a demo that will present online documentation available in Release 6.11. This release includes major portions of base-SAS and Sel documentation, host information, FRAME documentation, and seJected portions of documentation from other products. During the demo, Kathy wlll also answer some frequentJy.-asked questions about the future of online documentation and you will be invited to contribute your comments about Release 6.11 online documentation and your ideas about future directipns | source | 5 | |
| 158 | Open Systems Solutions to Large File Requirements | Tom Truscott | Open Systems (UNIX and UNIX-like systems) have widely different levels of support for files that exceed two gigabytes. Some vendor sys tems support "large files" , other systems do not support them at all, and yet others have special extensions which programs may use to create and operate on large files. Regardless of the level of underlying support, the SAS System will give Open Systems users the capability to create and manage truly monstrous data sets and related files | work library, sorted data | source | 4 |
| 159 | Optimally Matching Officers to Jobs Using SAS/OR Software | Douglas L. McAllaster | This paper gives a real world applica tion of the SAS/OR procedure, PROC TRANS. Each year the Army assigns over 2,500 captains from their primary ca reer field to one of eleven secondary career flelds, called functional areas. This process of optimally matching officers to jobs is called the Func tional Area Designation (FAD). On the one hand, the Army has job requirements to fulfill in these functional areas~ On the other hand, each officer has individual preferences and aptitudes for these functional areas. The FAD assigns officers to jobs in order to simultaneously (1) fill Army job re quirements and (2) maximize individual officer satisfaction. Base SAS and SAS/OR are well suited to solving this problem |
proc step, dataset | source | 9 |
| 160 | Overcoming List, Subclass, and Extended Table Anxiety | James F. Sattler | This paper postulates that the learning process is a matter of strategiC importance and discusses ways to learn new SAS system software more easily. Drawing on examples taken from Screen Control Language, the paper first attempts to show that there is a similarity between new and old programming constructs in SAS system software. Instead of being overwhelmed by new technology, the paper suggests that people may understand it more easily if they can see it in terms of a continuum of software evolution. Improving the learning process does not end there. The paper points out the importance of language in understanding more advanced capabilities of new technology. The use of clear terminology that corresponds closely to functionality is essential. It is hoped that strengthening the learning process in these and other ways will help facilitate the use of SAS system software at different levels of application development | proc step, proc print, dataset, flat file, sas base | source | 7 |
| 161 | Pairwise Matching of Sample and Control Groups Using PROC FASTCLUS | Kathleen A. Travis, Stephan Arndt, Nancy C. Andreasen |
In many biomedical studies it is desirable to match control subjects to patient subjects on several variables (e.g. age, sex, and education) while studying the effects of some treatment. If performed by hand, this matching process can require many hours of work for a data set of moderate to large size. One automated solution to this problem is 10 utilize the FASTCLUS procedure within SAS. Individuals from the group to be matched to are assigned as 'seeds' and individuals from the second group are allowed to form clusters around the seeds based upon the values of the variables being matched on. This allows the match for a given seed to be obtained by choosing from the cluster a subject with variable values which minimize the sum of squared distances from the cluster seed values. This paper presents the SAS software codes to implement this procedure and the application is discussed relative to the use of large archival data sets which are often used in biomedical settings |
proc step, nominal variable, proc fastclus, proc sort, sample | source | 5 |
| 162 | Passing Statistical Results from SAS Procedures to Word Documents | Kem Phillips | proc mixed, output delivery system, proc step | source | 3 | |
| 163 | Persistent Storage of SCL Data Objects | Andrew A. Norton | source | 5 | ||
| 164 | Power Techniques for Processing Large Tape Data Sets Using the SAS System in the MVS Environment | Michael A. Raithel | Tape is one of the oldest and most dependable mediums for storing data sets in the MVS environment. SAS data libraries, OS data sets, and data base backup files are a few of the many types of data sets commonly stored on tape. Because tape is a relatively inexpensive media, it is particularly well suited for storing large data sets. But, the subsequent processing of large data sets stored on tape can be costly in terms of computer resources and elapsed time. If you work in an organization that runs MVS, it is very likely that you will have to process large tape data sets sooner or later. Perhaps you already do. This paper focuses on strategies for optimizing your processing of large tape data sets using the SAS System. It provides techniques that you can use to reduce computer overhead and elapsed time. Optimum methods for processing large SAS data libraries as well as OS data sets are covered in this paper | libname statement, proc contents, dataset, batch job, cpu time, proc copy, elapsed time, options statement | source | 7 |
| 165 | PROC REPORT: An Introduction to the Batch Language | Ray Pass | proc report, proc step, proc print, character variable, sample | source | 10 | |
| 166 | Program Flow Control in Looping Code Structures | John R. Whittington | In common with all programming languages, looping code constructs are a major part 01 the SAS'" Language. The type of looping constructs found In the SAS Language are reviewed and discussed, with particular reference to the facilities available for. program flow control within these loops | conditional do loop, do loop | source | 3 |
| 167 | Programming for Job Security: Tips and Techniques to Maximize Your Indispensability | Arthur L. Carpenter | A great deal has been said about proGramming techniques for efficiency and maintainability of SAS· programs. We are taught to write code that minimizes machine and progremmet resources. Unfortunatetv~ easilv maintained code requires fewer progrwrmet8, and fewer programmol'$ means pink slips and 10$$ job security. In these troubled limes. programmers need to be able to maximize their indispensability. Programmers can increase their job securitY' Bnd thereby protect __ and their families by _lying the tips and techniquas discussed within this paper. The programmer will b. advised when to apply the technique6" and whether the US$ of the techniques should be subtle or gross. Techniques will cover programming style. editing styte, statements to use and avoid, and naming conventions~ You will learn to blur data steps. make no,...sssigning 8strignment statements, and in genend write code that not evon you will be able to figure out how Of why it works | job security, macro definition | source | 4 |
| 168 | Quick and Easy AF Applications Using SAS/ASSIST Software, SAS Data Views, Block Menus and HTML | Jeanne M. Spicer | The paper describes techniques used to develop a user~ftjendly SAS application for accessing a large archive of data files at a university research center. The application was developed on a UNIX network, but can be ported to graphical or non-graphical platforms with little modification. No prior SAS/API> experience is required |
sample, raw data, proc step, dataset, filename statement, proc contents | source | 6 |
| 169 | RAD Using The Data Form &Data Table Objects in SAS/AF Software for Release 6.11 | Scott Wilkins | There are two new data entry objects available in Release 6.11 of the SAS System in the SAS! AF FRAME entry. These objects are called the Data Form (Experimental for Release 6.11) and the Data Table. The goal of this paper is to examine how these data entry objects contribute to Rapid Application Development (RAD) when creating a data entry application using the SAS!AF FRAME entry | source | 11 | |
| 170 | RAD with SAS Software: Strategies, Techniques, and TipS | Samuel Berestizhevsky, Tanya Kolosova |
How can an application meet future needs when the business situation constantly changes? How fast can new conditions be met? The answers to these questions depend on application development technology [1]; In this paper we describe strategies and techniques intended to reduce applications development time and simplify modifications [2]. We show how to: 1. use relational technology to define an application data model and generate application objects; 2. define an application operations model specifying data manipulation and data analysis processes, and create reusab1e "user-written" macros; 3. dafine data authorization access to applicalion Objects | data dictionary, dictionary tables, data standard, data science, macro definition, macro conditional | source | 6 |
| 171 | Rapid Information System Development: Evaluating the Billing Practices of 1,400 Attorneys Using aSAS/FSP Application Developed in 30 Hours | Douglas F. Herta | The Office of the State Public Defender in Wisconsin assigns approxima"'ly 50,000 indigent de_ cases per year among over 1.400 private attorneys throtJghout the stale. The Office indicated an interest in creating an information system that would compare billing practices of individual attorneys to their peers in each county, and a comparison of county case billing averages to state averages. The Office of the State Public Defender intends to use the applioalion to help identify a1ltl!ney. in need of billing review and to set efficiency standards for private attorneys. The Priv"", Attorney SlUing System Tracker was developed using the SAS System for Windows and SAS/FSP software for use on a PC under the DOS-based Windows 3. t environment. The data from which summary statistics are developed end presented include billings for approximately 100,000 cases assigned to over 1,400 attorneys in Wisconsin over the 1993--95 bienniai budget period |
proc freq, proc means | source | 4 |
| 172 | Rapid Record Matching via FORMATS and CNTLIN Data Sets | Michael S. Zdeb | proc step, proc format, dataset | source | 2 | |
| 173 | Reading and Writing Character Data | Craig Dickstein, Marge Scerbo |
This is the infom1ation age. CJjentserver. dynamic data exchange (DOE), object linking and embedding (OLE), and open database connecliviity (ODBe) have been added to our vocabulary. Each of these allow quick access 10 data in a variety offonnats. But with all these advances. the need 10 read character data flies and 10 create ASCII text files is still a major function in the data processing environment. The necessity 10 share data across platfonns, operating systems, and software packages adds to the complexity of daily taskS and often the most direct solution is character data. This paper will discuss the process of reading and writing character data. Examples will be provided with each step. Beginning programmers will be able to follow the conceptual process quite well, while the more experienced analysts may gain some insight into problem solutions. So, the short and tall of this paper will Include the simple and the complex | infile statement, file statement, input statement, dataset, put statement, list input, data step, missing value, txt, character variable, do loop, filename statement, length statement, retain | source | 8 |
| 174 | Real Time Data Collection with SAS System Applications | Bradley W. Klenz | source | 8 | ||
| 175 | Receiving &Distributing Data Nationally: A SAS Software Solution to HEDIS Reporting | Christopher Yindra, Sue Freimuth |
HEDIS (Healthplan Employer Data and Information Set) is a reporting standard designed to evaluate an HMO's performance using uniform measures. When a large healthcare insurer tackled the assignment of developing a reporting system to comply with the new HEDIS standard, the SAS system was chosen as the devolpment tool for its ability to read many data types on a variety of media, efficiently encode measurement algorithms according to HEDIS specifications, and transport data across PC and mainframe platforms and applications. This paper will describe how this process was developed, beginning with batch programs running on the mainframe against sequential files, and evolving into a flexible adhoc reporting system running under a PC-based GUI interface, accessing data from local and host data stores, and distributing it via e-mail. In addition to base SAS software the following products were used: SASIFSP, SAS/AF (including its FRAME component), SAS/CONNECT, and· SAS! ACCESS for |
insurance claims, dataset, flat file, data cleaning | source | 7 |
| 176 | Redesigning a Legacy: Techniques of a Quality Partner | S. David Riba | Most companies have legacy systems, applications that are regularly used but that have become old and Obsolete. Often they require extensive maintenance or retooling. The programmers who developed these systems may have moved on to other projects. left the company. or may not have the requisite skills to satisfy current company requirements. Regardless. these systems will eventually become static and fail to meet the needs of the organization. The examples presented in this peper are two very different systems developed by JADE Tech, Inc. They illustrate how a Quality Partner was instrumental in making legacy systems satisfy the | data warehouse, sas base | source | 7 |
| 177 | Remote and Open Access to Enterprise Data: Enhanced Distributed Data Access Through Multiple Engine Architecture | Jack Wallace, Bill Brideson, Cheryl A. Garner |
Access to data from the SAS- System Is constanUy being expanded and enhanced. This access Is bulH on a mOdular system arehltecture. called MuHlple Engine ArehHecture. that often provides more than one way to acoompllsh a task that Involves dlslr1buted Clate. You can cIloo.e the bast design for your application W you understand the processing performed by the varlotJs components. This paper concentrates on the vaCIaty of Clata access capabilities provided by Multiple Engine ArthItacture _ how those capabilities are Implameoteted. If you simply want to know how to use the _res, read thelntroductlon and selected references at the end of this paper. If YOIKlnteresl extends to OpIlmlzations and processing details, you should find the bOdy of this paper IntonnaUva. You are encouraged to also read the paper by Cheryl Gamer, "The SAS8 SysIem: A Complete Client/Server Solution' In the SUGI 20 Conference Proceedings (see tha list Of references at tha end of this paper) | source | 14 | |
| 178 | Repeated Measures - A Better way? | Edith Flaster | proc step, repeated measures, proc glm, proc mixed, proc genmod, correlation, covariance, anova, covariance structure, multivariate analysis | source | 10 | |
| 179 | Repeated Measures Analysis with Discrete Data Using the SAS System | Gordon Johnston | The analysis 01 correlated dala arising from repeated measurements when the measurements are assumed to be multivariate normal has been studied exten· sively. In many practical problems, however, the normality assumption is not reasonable. When the responses are discrete and correlated, for example, diHerent methodology must be used in the analysis of the data. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) provide a practical method with reasonable statistical efficiency to analyze such data. This paper provides an overview of the use of GEEs in the analysis of correlated data using the SAS System. Emphasis is placed on discrete correlated dala, since this is an area of great practical interest | correlation, covariance, regression analysis, maximum likelihood estimation, macro definition, likelihood function, binomial distribution, poisson distribution | source | 5 |
| 180 | Residence Data Warehouse: Pacific Bell "Jumps "to WARP Speed | Larry D. Bramblett, Ann S. King |
The Residence Rerate system began as a means to produce a list of Pacific Bell customers who might benefit from optional calling plans. The business need was for a mailing list of one to two million residential customers. The system collects eligible call data and stores it, along with applicable customer account information. In order to accurately predict which customers would save money with a calling piau, and the amount they would save, three months of calling data was rerated at the proposed new rates and compared to the actual rated amounl This information was supplied to au external vendor for the mailing. The Residence Rerate system has grown into a full-scale Residential Customer data warehouse. It is accessible through the iodustry-standard SQL language. The architecture of the system ensures that the data, although vast in amount, is maintained in smalL manageable portions | account, cdr | source | 4 |
| 181 | Retrieving Weather Data from the Internet and Analyzing Using the SAS System | Richard D. Langston | ThIS poster attemptS to desorlbe two distinct pro(;eisses: 1) obtaining weather data from Internet sites and 2) analyzing the data using the SASi!i System, There are two different Internet sites that at& descrlbed: 1) the National Climatic Data Center OASIS site, and 2) the hUrricane data repository at Purdue University, | macro variable, proc step | source | 6 |
| 182 | Rollback of SAS Relational Databases to Former Historical States | Keith Adams | This paper presents a method to setup relational databases using SAS data sets sucb that, at your will, the data in the databases appear either up-to-date, or appear exactly as they would have appeared at any historical database date. This paper illustrates (in simplified form) the methodology we have developed. The methodology uses SAS Macro Language, SAS/AF', and SASlFSI"'. Readers should have some understanding of DATA-step views and PROC SQL views. The presentation is targeted towards people responsible for setting up relational databases |
transaction data, dataset, relational database | source | 5 |
| 183 | SAS Connections to DB2: Tools and Techniques | Judy Loren | In the beginning there were Access Descriptors that allowed you to treat DB2 tables as if they were SAS datasets. Access Descriptors are simple to use, but take prohibitively long to run on large tables. Then came Pass-Through, so you could pass an entire SQL query directly to DB2 to execute. This allows DB2 to take advantage of its indexes, improving run time when all the information is in DB2. But what if you need to join a list of keys contained in a SAS dataset with a DB2 table (or tables)? This paper presents some suggestions based on real world experience using SAS as an access language for large DB2 databases. Acknowledgements Right up front I want to give credit to the people with whom I have had the pleasure of working to come up with the techniques described in this paper. Alan Dickson Tom Finn Craig Gavin Paul Kent Stephen Scott | dataset, cpu time | source | 10 |
| 184 | SAS Measures Up: Computing System Metrics in Boeing's REDARS Project | Joe Perry, F. Merrill Matlovich |
The Boeing Company has deployed and operates a world-wide UNIX netwoIk in support of its image processing application known as REDARS (Reference Engineering Drawing Automated Retrieval System). REDARS electronically provides digitized eugineering data in support of internal Boeing operations while also offering this same support to its airline customers. SAS has been used as a tool to assess REDARS system health and performance while also. providing an | data cleaning, customer satisfaction | source | 4 |
| 185 | SAS Program Efficiency for Beginners | Bruce F. Gilsen | dataset, where statement, if-then-else, proc step, subsetting if, input statement, character variable, conditional do loop, numeric variable, proc append, set statement, put statement | source | 10 | |
| 186 | SAS Programming Standards or Nobody's Gonna Tell Me What to Do! | Michael L. Sperling, John Olson |
The subject of standards has been a debatable issue since the days when Adam was told not to eat the apple (Not the first computer). What kind of standards are acceptable and to whom? To whom should they apply ... end-users, programmers, producticn jobs only? What is the difference between a standard and a guideline? A suggested standard will be distributed for discussion. This will be an audience participation presentation. The views below are to generate discussion and are not necessarily the opinions of the presenters. The attached exhibH is a sample standard for SAS programs and Is the basis of this prasentation | proc step, do loop, conditional do loop | source | 6 |
| 187 | SAS Software and the WWW - What Next? | Larry Hoyle | A brief overview of World Wide Web and the use of SAS as an informalion server over World Wide Web will be followed by a discussion of recent developments which allow for interactive information visualization over the Web. Thiswill include a discussion of VRML and the JAVA language. The discussion will be illustrated by live examples of Web services implemented in SAS | macro conditional, sample, macro definition | source | 8 |
| 188 | SAS Software for Road Warriors and Telecommuters: How to Avoid the Floppy Shuffle | Michael C. Harris | Sooner or later, many people who use computers in theIr offices will acquire desktop or portable computers so they can have the flexibility to work at home. They may simply desire to be able to work evenings and weekends at their convenience, or employers may have formaT work-at~home programs to help meet local environmental regulations" Thanks to the proliferation of rep/I? packages for personal computers (pes), SAS users have several options for solving the problem, of remote data access without carrying data sets around on disks. This paper describes the hardware, software and system configurations necessary to make remote computing effective. Character based terminal emulation is discussed briefly, then more advanced and exciting approaches, including X Windows. over serial lines and creative use of· SAS/CONNEC'- are presented. Finally, potential problems and performance issues are addressed, |
ftp, proc step | source | 3 |
| 189 | SAS Software On Display: An Introduction to the SAS Display Manager | David E. Beam | Many people new to the SAS System, or even those with extensive batch SAS experience, often reject the use of the interactive Display Manager as a testing and development platform. The common fears are that the Display Manager is cumbersome, hard to learn or terribly inefficient in using computer resources. This paper will explain why and how to use the Display Manager for faster SAS program development. The | batch processing, sas library, sas output, sas log, proc step, filename statement, sample | source | 8 |
| 190 | SAS Software Tips: My Experience as a SAS-L MVP | Philip A. Mason | This paper covers a diverse range of SAS tips. 1 have broken the sections up into AF. General and 6.11 tips. The AF. tips mainly apply to Frame programming in a GUI environment. The General tips should be applicable to most platforms. The 6.11 tips apply to the latest release m SAS, version 6.1 L These tips have been tried out under MS Windows. but also should apply to other 6.1 I platforms. such as OS/2, | sample, where statement, out=, proc step, variable list, dataset, proc sql | source | 7 |
| 191 | SAS Software to the Rescue! A UNIX System Administrator's Tool | Lisa P. Wayte | As a UNIX System Administrator, you are faced with a variety of problems that require you to write your own programs. These programs are usually script files that contain shell programming commands and may include languages such as C and Perl"'. Even though C programs are usually portable and efficient, they are very hard to understand and maintain. In combining SAS with some basiC ksh@ shell script files, your applications become easier to understand and maintain. With SAS's data manipulation, graphics and reporting features, you will be able to produce reports on system usage and perform computer account generation with ease | sample, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 192 | SAS Software: A PowerfulDevelopment Tool for Statistical Decision Support System | Jen-Hur Wu, Tse-Chih Hsia, Yu-Wen Li, Serval Tsai |
The SAS software is a powerful data analysis and report generation tOOl, with its abilities recently extending into Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems (DSSs). Statistical decision support system (SDSS) is not only based on the concept of DSS, but is also used to support statistical operations in the Taiwan Provincial Government. In this stndy, we successfully apply SDSS in the Taiwan Provincial Government, as developed using the SAS software (Release 6.08) under WINDOWS and UNIX platforms. This SDSS is an integrated system that can be defined in terms of four essential aspects: a language system (LS), a presentation system (PS), a knowledge system (KS), and a problem processing system (PPS). This study also provides a detailed description of various SAS module applications for each sub-system of SDSS | excel, sas base, proc tabulate, proc step | source | 6 |
| 193 | SAS Software: One Stop Shopping for Re-engineering | Diane E. Brown | Do adhoc requests from end users have you buried? Are users demanding faster results and want more direct control-of their reports? An end user application with a familiar Wmdows GUI front end may be the answer. Users are demanding solutions and want it now. But the application developer has a lot of work and a lot of decisions to make for this to become a reality, including: data extraction from multiple large data files in various formats, design issues relative to the data warehouse, reports, GUI front end, choice of hardware and software, development and equipment costs, staffing, and implementation time frames. This paper discusses the above issues and why the SAS System was selected to build an entire end user application including building and storing the data warehouse, writing standard reports, development of a GUI front end, and end user customer reporting, data analysis, and graphics tools | data science, data warehouse, insurer, sas base, flat file, insurance claims | source | 5 |
| 194 | SAS Tools &Internet | Charles E. Shipp, Kirk Paul Lafler, Sunil Kumar Gupta |
The Intemet continues to grow rapidly in ease-of use, value of content, and popularity - many new users, both companies and individuals, join every day. Part of its magical attraction is its wide diversity of information and modes of search and display. From e-mail and discussion groups, to downloading text and programs, a wealth of valuable and timely information awaits you on the Internet. Jump in! SAS Institute and professional SAS programmers and consultants have a strong presence and tradition on the Internet, and new innovations are planned and being implemented | source | 4 | |
| 195 | SAS/AF FRAMES: List Objects | Serge Dupuis, Loretta Goldby |
This tutorial will cover the use of simple and complex selection list objects in SASIAF Frame applications. Older SASI AF programs based on program entries using DATALISTC and VARLISTC functions will be updated wilh equivalent GUI objects available in SAS/AF Frames |
dataset, where statement, proc sql | source | 8 |
| 196 | SAS/AF Software - A Grand Tour | Tammy L. Gagliano | dataset, catalog entry, where statement | source | ||
| 197 | SAS/EIS Software - SPRINTing to the Rescue | Jay Jacob Wind, Claude Griffith, Glenn Phillips |
This paper describes our adventures installing a nmIti-featured SAS Executive Infmmation System (BIS) for SPRINT INTERNATIONAL Global Voice Engineering. We cover the capabilities and limitations of SASIEIS and demonstrate graphical examples. SPRINT INTERNATIONAL handles millions of international phone calls each month from countries such as Australia, France, Gennany, Ireland, New Zealand, and Uinted Kingdom (UK), to more than 200 countries including the US. As SPRINT INTERNATIONAL expands, it continuously aims to improve its worldwide service. To track and summarize call setup time, holding, and duration, we installed a powerful Executive lnfozmation System (BIS) using SASIEIS for Windows on a Dell Pentium desktop computer. The EIS takes advantage of many SASIEIS capabilities. To use those capabilities, however, we had to overcome numerous EIS limitations | proc step, bar chart, sas base, class variable, macro variable | source | 7 |
| 198 | SAS/GRAPH Software: Doing More with Less ANNOTATE | Irene Mendelson | Annotation. an advanced technique to embellish basic graphs in SAS/GRAPH. is at times an arcane process. It involves first of atl recognizing what features in the graphic desired can be produced with 1119 basic tools and 1I19n d9ciding how to ttanslate 1119 additional lines. teXt, or shapes desired into SAS instructions in the annotation dataset In the last few years, improvements in SAS/GRAPH have provided aUemativ-es to ~notation in certain cases, This paper will touch on these improvements and outline some ruies of thumb that the author has found useful in distinguishing when to use annotation and when a simpler technique will do |
bar chart, regression analysis, proc step | source | 6 |
| 199 | SAS/SPECTRAVIEW, A First Look at Your Data | Aaron Hill, Ronald E. Stogner |
Recent advances in software and hardware technology have provided immediate online access to increasingly large volumes of data, either stand alone or as part of a data warehouse. A typical first step is to use data exploration and visualization techniques to illuminate trends and patterns in the data. SASISPECTRAVIEW software provides a simple interactive framework, which is efficient for both technical and non~ technical analysts to visualize important relationships in their data which are often hidden among multiple variables and observafions. SASISPECTRAVIEW software provides the ability to quickly and efficiently spot key trends and relationships that may not be readily apparent in data. This paper presents an overview of SASISPECTRAVIEW software and data visualization, as weff as an example of how to explore a large multi· variable data set and isolate key components resulting in enhanced analysis and decision making | source | 4 | |
| 200 | Screen Design For Frame Entries | Don Stanley | error message | source | 11 | |
| 201 | Security for SAS Servers | Brian Perkinson | Controlling access to services and data is an important consideration in clieOVserver computing. Interposed between client SAS sessions and the data they access, the multi-user server provided by SASISHAREo software must preserve the existing protections on that data. This paper is a thorough treatment of security in the mutti user SAS server. It covers the issues and challenges presented by a distributed, heterogeneous environment. It describes the controls available to an application deveioper or server administrator for controlling access to the server and the data available through i1. This paper also discusses the host mechanisms used by the server to authenticate a user's identity and check his or her authority to access SAS libraries and files. INTRODUCl10N Controlling access to data is a relatively manageable problem when a computer system is closed and isolated | sas library, dataset, access control, proc step, sample, macro variable | source | 5 |
| 202 | SELECT ITEMS FROM PROC.SQL WHERE ITEMS > BASICS | Alan Dickson, Ray Pass |
proc sql, proc step, order by, select, dataset, group by, by group processing, where statement, create table, raw data | source | 10 | |
| 203 | Self-Documenting Programs and Data Sets | Juliana M. Ma | Have you ever wondered what a program is supposed to accomplish? Or what a variable named X3 represents? This tutorial explores easy methods for avoiding such situations. You can easily create self-documenting programs and data sets when using the SAS system. In the era of object-oriented programming, the basic principles of structured programming still make sense. The target audience for this tutorial includes programmers, data managers, statisticians, and anyone else who writes SAS program code to create SAS data sets. Only basic knowledge of the SAS system is assumed. Examples of good and bad docu mentation choices are provided. The presentation is divided into three sections. We begin with reasons for documen tation and definitions of relevant terminology. Next, documentation strategies for programs are discussed. The final section covers how you can design SAS data sets that are easy for everyone to understand. The discussion is platform independent | proc contents, if-then-else | source | 10 |
| 204 | Severity Analysis Using Ridits | Mary A. Marion | The United states Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs has been given the task of reviewing chemical registrant data and analyses some of which use the statistical technique of ridits~ The technique of ridit analysis used in severity analysis was studied for its feasibility for use at the EPA. The two data sets chosen were that of one study evaluating the severity of glomerulonephropathy in male rat kidneys with dose increments of the chemical being reviewed and another of mononuclear cell leukemia,_ also in male rats | p-value, sample | source | 13 |
| 205 | SimBusiness - Practical Applications in Business Simulation Using QSIM | Brian Stratton | The tool called simulation has long been used to study the be havior of a system without actually having to buHd that system. New with release 6.11 of SASIOR$ is QSIM, a GUI·based appli· cation for constructing and analyzing drscrete-everrt stmulation models. This paper explores a number of traditional and non traditional examples of using simulation and the QSIM application to solve a wide variety of business problems. The approach is practical and the material is appropriate for users with wideiy varying levels of simulation expertise | sample, dataset | source | 4 |
| 206 | Simplifying SAS/GRAPH Production Using Utility Macros | Donald W. Peterson, Lothar Tremmel |
In an effort 10 make graph production more efficient, we developed several 'utility macros' to take care of some frequent problems associated with creating a graph: The macro %GROPTION frees the user from the burden of figuring out the appropriate GOPTION statements 10 set up SAS/GRAPH'". Other utility macros are useful 10 preprocess data so as 10 facilitate their graphical representation: %GRJITTR resolves the problem of overlapping symbols by doing appropriate data manipulations before the GPLOT call; %GRCONFID summarizes data into means and confidence intervals in a convenient format so they can be represented nicely with GPLOT in conjunction with a particular SYMBOL statement |
confidence interval, proc gplot | source | 5 |
| 207 | Software Validation and Testing | Andrew T. Kuligowski | You've sat through constant design meetings, You've endured countless recuests for "just one more lillie change", You even managed to find a creative solution to that nagging technical problem, But, you persevered, and despite all of the obstacles, you've managed to eliminate the final syntax error In your newest SAS~ routine, Time to sit back and relax - uh, not quite .. , this tutorial will address the issues of testing your routines and validating your data. The primary focus will be on techniques to ensure comprehension of your input data - SASLOG messages such as BOTE: KEBGE statement bas more than one data set with repeats of BY val.ues. imply that there may be gaps in your knowledge of your date! Special emphasis will be placed on the use of ad-hoc queries to assist in finding data anomalies that can cause problems with your SAS routine |
numeric variable, input statement, out=, index, merge statement, data cleaning, sample, put statement, proc step | source | 9 |
| 208 | Solving Business Problems with the SOL Procedure | Kirk Paul Lafler, Sunil Kumar Gupta |
Often, techniques for solving typical data processing problems involve a great deal of data manipulation and computing resources. When confronted with problems of this nature, you could approacll them using conventional DATA. andlor PROC STEP methods, or you could use We strengths of the SQL procedure to manipulate and process this data. Real world problems will be illustrated using an online tutorial approach to solve problems such as sorting and grouping data, using |
proc sql, right join, proc step | source | 4 |
| 209 | Some Not Widely Known or Sometimes Poorly Understood Features of Base SAS Software | John R. Whittington | A few simple aspects of Base SAS are discussed which seem to be unfamiliar to even very regular users of SAS. In particular, the 'special format' of output available from PROe PRINT, the use of the colon 'informat modifier' and various aspects of SAS 'variabl. lists· | proc print, list input, input statement, proc step, name range list, colon modifier, variable list | source | 3 |
| 210 | Strategic Uses of SAS DATA Step Programming and SOL Passthrough to Query ORACLE Databases | Henry W. Buffum | proc step, oracle, data step, dataset, proc sql, create view, drop table, macro facility, where statement, sas programmer, macro definition | source | 6 | |
| 211 | SUM Enchanted Procedure: The Advanced Power of PROC SUMMARY | David E. Beam | Many SAS users are uncomfortable or unsure about the inherent power of PROC SUMMARY. The creation of summarized data sets, with emphasis on the CLASS statement will be demonstrated in this paper. Explanations of how SAS organizes the output file will help the user take advantage of this powerful SAS tool. There are many techniques of preparing new variables before going into PROC SUMMARY that can allow the procedure to generate counters and statistics, as well as the traditional sums. The use of PROC FORMAT together with PROC |
proc step, proc means, proc print, class variable, missing value, output, proc format, sample | source | 6 |
| 212 | SW-PQNG: A Life Cycle Model for Small Development Teams | Roger K. Bolton | internal audit, data science | source | 6 | |
| 213 | Systematic Sampling for Nonrandom Populations | Julie Wildman Pepa | Systematic sampling is a popular | sample, systematic sampling, anova, proc step, random sampling | source | 6 |
| 214 | TADPOLE: An Application for Evaluation of the State of Tennessee's Alcohol and Drug Prevention Program Using the SAS System | Barbara B. Okerson, Paul Quaranta |
Tennessee Alcohol and Drug Prevention Outcome Longitudinal Evaluation (TADPOLE) is a system whioh annually evaluates the outcomes of state-funded alcohol and drug preVention programs in Tennessee. At risk adolescents are evaluated befom and after partlolpatlon in drug and alcohol prevention programs statewide with the data sent to a central location for analysis. The SAS system is used throughout this evaluation process frOm data cleaning and matching, to growth curve modeling, scaling, and the final analysis. This papar Diustrat .. the flexibility and robustness of the SAS system as an applications tool. The programs ublized are not operating system speollic and have been run on !he Windows, VMS and UNIX platfonns. SAS Base, SAS/FSP and SASISTAT are used in this application |
proc step, proc print | source | 4 |
| 215 | Taking Advantage of Inheritance in SAS/AF Applications | Carl R. Haske | SAS/AF supplies many predefined classes for. use in application development. When developing _ applications with a high lavel of complexity, it is inevitable that the application will contain multiple objects with indistinguishable functionality. SAS/AF provides a technique to define new classes th.t inherit methods from a parent class along with the flexibility to override inherited methods and define new |
dataset, libname statement | source | 6 |
| 216 | Teaching the SAS System as an Academic Subject | Andrew H. Karp | dataset, likelihood function, advanced sas, data science, proc sql, sas programming, dictionary tables, maximum likelihood estimation, time series analysis, proc step, regression analysis, sample, logistic distribution, data cleaning, proc freq | source | ||
| 217 | Telecom Industry of the 90s: Information Delivery for a Competitive Advantage | Stephanie Kuhnel, Leigh Anderson, Greg Gittins |
data warehouse, service provider | source | ||
| 218 | Temporal and Geographical Statistical Modeling: A New Paradigm | M. W. Hemphill, Thomas W. Sager |
Modem geographical information systems (GIS) suggest a new way of thinking about GIS. We propose visualization-driven analysis (VDA) as the new paradigm. VDA is a comprehensive extension and refocusing of current GIS paradigms. We describe how VDA can benefit both qualitative and quantitative GIS users. The former focus primarily on gaining insights through visualization, whereas the latter focus upon quantifying analyses of temporal-spatial data. VDA requires no. radical changes in methodology. content, or tools of GIS. Instead, it blends and extends existing paradigms. Time is explicitly introduced as an additional dimension necessary for display and analysis. The data cube is presented as a means of envisioning each data source supporting temporal-spatial analyses. A prototypical large-scale application of GIS, the Texas Air Geo-statistical System (TAGS), is used to illustrate VDA | trend analysis, proc freq, time series analysis | source | 9 |
| 219 | Test of Hypotheses in Repeated Measures Models Under General Antedependence Covariance Structures in SAS Software | Raul E. Macchiavelli, E. Barry Moser |
Ante-dependence models are used to model the covari ance structure in problems involving repeated mea sures through time. They are conditional regression models which extend auto-regressive models, permit ting the variances and covariances to be different. Although the MIXED procedure has several options for the covariance structure in multivariate linear mod els (and will include the first order ante-dependence in release 6.11), general ante-dependence models cannot be used. On the other hand, the CALIS procedure can fit these models from an unstrnctured covariance, but will not perform any tests about the fixed effects in the model. This paper presents a procedure which uses both PROC MIXED and PROC CALIS to test hypotheses about fixed effects assuming any general ante-dependence covariance structure (either constant or variable order). Generalizations to other structures supported by PROC CALIS (factor analytic, linear structural equations, etc.) are straightforward |
covariance, proc step, proc mixed, degrees of freedom, likelihood function, covariance structure, regression analysis | source | 4 |
| 220 | The Dirty Dozen: Twelve Common Programming Mistakes | Robert Virgile | error message, input statement, proc step, missing value, sas log, comment statement, error, if-then-else, proc means, sample | source | 6 | |
| 221 | The Elements of SAS Programming Style | Frank C. Dilorio | proc step, if-then-else, missing value, macro variable, proc sql, put statement | source | 5 | |
| 222 | The MODULE Function in Release 6.11 of the SAS System: An OS/2 Experience | F. Joseph Kelley | This paper presents an introduction to the use of the MODULE function. An overview of the function, as well as avaRable documentation is provided. A selection of program examples, including the C code used, module definition files, atbibuta tables and sample SAS programs are presented and discussed. Later examples buRd upon those presented earlier; though the sample code used is trivial, H serves to illustrate some uses of this new function | sample, decimal, proc step | source | 10 |
| 223 | The Push to 'Get Off the Mainframe' and Move to Client/Server: Is the Software Industry Keeping Up with the Demand for Data Storage and Access? | Daryl R. Hoffman | libname statement, dataset | source | 6 | |
| 224 | The Road to Discovery | Eldin J. Ehrlich | The GaDup Organization asks over 10 million questions _ry month. The 10 million questions get 10 million answers. The answers are tabUlated, summarized, aligned with control dala and reported to the client. The questions and answers provide the client company with information to make decisions that affect market share, attitudes, service and many other factors which contribute to the profit measure. The internal support systems of The Gallup Orgsnization have always measured and rated performance and qual ity. Individual achievement, personal bests, highest client ratings and many work tasks are measured, summarized, reported and celebrated. every month. Dr. Donald Clifton, Chairman of the Board, says " ... measurement improves performance and people get good at what)'Ou can mea ... ure-" Since 1968 the company has been measuring and recording the data in hand-written ledgers, typed on pe per I entered in spreadsheets, word processors, data ba.es and custom programs | management reporting, proc step | source | 6 |
| 225 | The Secret Life of the DATA Step | Thomas A. Miron | macro variable, macro facility, put statement, flat file, character variable, macro loop | source | 3 | |
| 226 | The Singleton Class In Screen Control Language | Kevin T. Brown | A class in object-oriented programming is an object which can create other objects. These are tenned instances of the class. There is a particular type of class lhat controls the instantiation of its objects. That class is called tbe Singleton class. A Singleton class permits only one instance to exist. For example, you might use a Singleton to create a print spooler. A system may have many printers, but only one print spooler, SAS· has no built-in capabilities for creating Singleton classes. This paper will show you can create a Singleton class and how Singletons can help your SCL programming | source | 4 | |
| 227 | The Use of the SAS Programming Language and Procedures to Model and Process Data Used in Creating the New U.S. Mortality Atlas | Gretchen K. Jones, Linda Williams Pickle, Michael Mungiole |
Thematic maps have helped epidemiologists to identify cancer "hot spots" in the U.S. by providing a visualization of the geographic patterns of mortality not apparent from tabular statistics (Mason 1975, 1976; Pickle 1987,1990). The National Center for Health Statistics has prepared an atlas of maps of death rates for the leading causes of death in the U.S. for the period . 1988-1992. This project included fitting complex random effects models to examine patterns in mortality data for 80 racelsexlcause-specific datasets, each of which consisted of 8000 observations. We used the recently-released PROC MIXED to fit these data. In order to minimize programming changes and potential errors, we utilized SAS macros, concatenation of files, and other programming tools. In this paper we discuss the teclmiques used to repeatedly apply this complex model, producing self-identifying output files for subsequent processing |
proc mixed, proc step | source | 6 |
| 228 | Tips and Techniques for Data Fixes in a Repository Data Warehouse | Ty Lee | A reposttory data warehouse is popular for statistical analysis and reporting. It is often necessary to update a data warehouse. This paper will discuss tips and techniques for data fixes in a SAS repository data warehouse. Specifically, the paper will discuss a~ematives for deleting, inserting and changing records, combining tables, and validating resutts. The paper will also demonstrate how to use metadata and macro facHny to automate global data fixes In a SAS reposttory data warehouse. To make n more interesting, we will employ the case Sfudy approach to explore the following topics: The Data Warehouse Environment Types of Data Fix Efficient Data Updates: A Data Driven | proc step, data warehouse, audit trail, data dictionary, merge statement, proc compare, proc sort, clinical research, macro definition | source | 6 |
| 229 | Tips on JMPing into Mixture Experimentation | Daniel J. Obermiller | Mixture experimentation has unique challenges due to the fact that the proportion of the ingredients making the total is important rather than the actual quantity of the ingredient. Although mixture designs and their analysis is quite different, JMP allows the user to handle all of these situations. This paper briefly reviews what a mixture experiment is and why it is different. This paper also delivers some useful techniques to allow users to avoid pitfalls in designing and analyzing such experiments with JMP | regression analysis, main effect, sample, estimate | source | 6 |
| 230 | Transforming Accounting Transactions into Customer Lifetime Values | Thayer Allison | Many co!porations and not-far-profits have old data in their archives which can yield significant insight into mm'ling decisions they face today, This data can be instrumental in estimating customer lifetime value (LTV). Knowing your customers' LTV can unleash the full power of database marketing. Base SAs" software can be used to provide LTV estimates for customers/donors, Lifetime value can be calculated for various segments of customerldonor base allowing for comparisoo of various acquisition and retention programs | proc step, proc sort, proc freq | source | 4 |
| 231 | Transforming SAS Data Sets Using Arrays | Ronald P. Cody | do loop, proc step, proc freq | source | 5 | |
| 232 | Tuning Tips for Applications That Use SAS/SHARE Software | Stephen M. Beatrous, Bill Brideson, Daniel J. Squillace, Jan Squillace |
where statement, proc step, dataset, catalog entry, cpu time, sas library, catalog, lookup | source | 11 | |
| 233 | Two Techniques for Creating Report Quality Tables of Numerous Variables | Ray White | This paper describes two different methods used to create two-way frequency tables for successive years' versions of the annual organ transplantation data report of the United Network for Organ Sharing {UN OS). One technique is a macro, used within SAS programs, to improve the appearance of the standard output of the TABULATE procedure. The other technique is a method of merging comma-separated data files into WordPerfect to automatically produce numerous tables of varying lengths from a single two-way table "macro shell" as the "primary merge file" |
sas output, proc step, proc tabulate, macro definition, dataset, proc freq | source | 5 |
| 234 | Two Ways Non-Experts Can Profitably Use PROC REPORT | Michael D. Rhoads | While PROC REPORT is an extremely powerful tool, H can also be a difficult one to learn. This paper shows the novice PROC REPORT user how to exploit two of its most useful features - producing multi panel listings and selectively wrapping long text strings - without having to master the full complexity of the procedure |
proc report, proc step | source | 3 |
| 235 | Unbalanced Panel Data Estimation Using SAS/lML Software | N. Clay Greene, John Ah-Sen |
The most recent rele * of SASIETS· _are Introduced a procedure to estimate a model with panel data. This procedure requires the time series elements to be equal among all cross.-sectlons, This restriction limits the estimation to a complete, or balanced panel. This paper examines the use of SAS/IML software, In a specifiC modelling applieafion, to Incorporate an unbalanced panel data .ot. The finn section outlines the motivation forthe model. The second section shows how SASnML software was used to incorporate logic to deal with unbalanced data. Tho final ction stat ** resuil$, |
time series analysis, panel data | source | 3 |
| 236 | Unpacking the Boxes from the Data Warehouse | Connie Boynton | Many organizations are faced with legacy computer systems. The mainframe's cumbersome technology inhibits the efficient and accurate flow of data to upper management and decision-makers. Management level information needs to be produced in a presentable format, an activity better suited to the PC environment. Data warehousing, the SAS system and other WindoWS applications are useful tools for transforming data stored on the mainframe into meaningful, presentable information. This paper discusses a data warehouse project in the civilian human resource environment of Canada's Department of National Defence. A faster, more effiCient method of information flow was necessary since the previous method was not meeting the requirements of decision-makers. The data warehouse project involves taking operational data from the mainframe, sforing it on a server and using SAS and Windows tools to provide current and comprehensive information to upper management | data warehouse, business intelligence | source | 4 |
| 237 | Useful SAS/GRAPH Tools for a Production Environment | Susan J. Kenny | call symput, macro definition, txt | source | 8 | |
| 238 | User Support at SAS Institute: Using SAS Software for Problem and Request Management Tracking | Jerry J. Hosking, Sandra Webb, Teresia L. Arthur |
Like any other company, staff at SAS institute sometimes need assistance using computing resources. The Information Systems Division OSO) is charged with the task of delivering this assistance. Within ISO, the Information Center (Help Desk) is the entTy point and communication pipeline for users requiring assistance. This paper dfsCUsses the procedures followed by ISD for the management of user computing problems and requests and the use of our problem/request management tracking application written using SAS software. The general programming techniques used 10 develop the application and the importance of creating an apptication with functions that mirror the actual procedures used to manage computing problems.and requests are addressed. IT'S A CHALLENGING JOB, aUT SOMEaODV'$ GOT TO DO | confidence level, customer satisfaction | source | 8 |
| 239 | Using a SAS Data Set to Expand the Program Data Vector | H. Ian Whitlock | Temporary arrays are handy for storing information during a DATA STEP, but the number of variables is limtted. Formats can store more information, but they must be created before the DATA STEP and they are not modifiable during the DATA STEP. SAS data sets can store still more information. In the past this information had to be created prior to the DATA STEP and was not modifiable during the DATA STEP. The MODIFY and REPLACE statements have changed this situation to provide a simple mechanism for storing large amounts of information which must be available and mod~iable during the DATA STEP. This prinCiple is Ulustrated using code to solve the following problem. The records of two SAS data sets are to be matched, where match means that the corresponding key variable values are near each other. For each record in the first file, draw a random sample wtthout replacement of SAMPSIZE such matches |
sample, modify statement | source | 2 |
| 240 | Using Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) to Pass Data to and from Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets from within the SAS System | Mark Bodt | Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) is a method of communicating with PC based applications from within the SAS System, DDE allows the reading and writing of data from or to the application. Indeed, the applications can even be controlled from within the SAS system. While most day to day tasks can be achieved within the SAS system, it is sometimes necessary to produce reports, letters etc using other applications such as Microsoft1\! Excei or Microso~ Word. This paper diScusses how the use of DOE can achieve the reading and writing of data from or to Microsoft EXCEL. Scope This paper covers topics discussed during the 10 minute Coders' Comer presentation. The basics of reading and writing of data from or to EXCEL using DOE with EXCEL are outlined. However it is not intended to thoroughly discuss the topic. This topic witl be covered in depth in ObsefYations(,) Vol, 5, Num 3, Second Quarter 1996 |
excel, filename statement | source | 4 |
| 241 | Using Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) to Pass Data to Microsoft Word Documents from within the SAS System | Mark Bodt | Dynamic Data Exchange (DOE) is a method of communicating with PC based applications from wnhin the SAS System. DOE allows the reading and writIng of data from or to the application, 'Indeed, the applications can even be controlled from within the SAS system. While most day 10 day tasks can be achieved within the SAS system, it is sometimes necessary to produce reports, letters etc using other applICations such as Microsoft EXCEL or Microsoft Word. This paperdtscusses how the use of DDE can achieve the writing of data to Microsoft Word. Scope This paper covers topics discussed during the 10 minute Coders' Comer presentation. The basics of writing data to Word using ODE are outlined, however it is not intended to thoroughly discuss the topic. This topic win be covered in depth in Observationsg, Vol. 5, Num 3, Second Quarter 1996 |
excel, filename statement | source | 2 |
| 242 | Using Lists To Replace Formats in SCL Applications | Don Stanley | proc step, conditional do loop | source | 6 | |
| 243 | Using Macros as a Data Table Generation Tool | Daphne E. Ewing | Displaying a variety O'f data in a oonsistent manner can be tedious and frustrating. Making adjustments to these displays, such as addingtremoving columns, can be time consuming and just as fruslrating. This paper will show the user how to set up macros which work togeiher to make data table generation eonutent, easy to follow, and easy to modify. I will define several SAS macros, show how they interact with Noh other and the data, and give examples of input and output. Given these macros, 1 will also &how how to modify displays easily | macro conditional, macro variable, macro definition, put statement, adverse events | source | 6 |
| 244 | Using Options to Improve Report Appearance | Deb Cassidy | This presentation will cover some of the options available in commonly-used base SAS procedures to improve the readability of the output. Both advantages and disadvantages will be discussed along with the statements. Due to space limitations in the proceedings, only a few sample results will be shown. You should create you own copy of the sample dataset as shown in OUTPUT I and run the code yourself, Using a larger dataset will also emphasize the usefulness of the code | proc step, by group processing, proc print, proc freq, options statement, sample | source | 10 |
| 245 | Using PROC ARIMA to Test an Intervention Effect | Neil S. Fleming, Eric Gibson, David G. Fleming |
This paper presents a time-series methodology for testing the impact of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation that healthy infants be put to sleep on their side or back to reduce the risk of SUdden Infant Death Syndrome (SIOS). The effect of both this intervention and seasonality are tested using .32 months of infant mortality data from the white and non white population from Philadelphia | response variable, moving average, proc calis, proc step, proc arima, likelihood function, estimate, maximum likelihood estimation | source | 10 |
| 246 | Using PROC PLAN for Randomization Assignments | Miriam W. Rosenblatt | This tutorial is an introduction to using PROC PLAN, and includes examples of randomization. Although PROC PLAN is not an easy procedure to master, it is extremely useful for doing random assignments. Data handling ideas for using this procedure, such as combining PROC FORMAT with PROC PLAN, allow the user to ereate formatted reports of random assignment. A user-friendly report can then be used for the preparation of randomization envelopes, thus ensuring. that a given randomization plan is implemented accurately |
randomization, proc step, sample, dataset, proc format, proc print, format statement | source | 5 |
| 247 | Using SAS Software to Assess and Adjust for Nonlinearity in Nonlinear RegreSSion Models | Timothy E. O'Brien, Ye Wang |
confidence interval, likelihood function, proc step, regression analysis, proc nlin, proc iml, macro definition | source | 10 | |
| 248 | Using SAS Software to Perform Meta-Analytic Integrations | Stanley G. Cran | Data from a long-tenn clinical research study are usually maintained with a database software package. The Data Management module in SAS/ASSIST software can be used to enter and manage data, thereby eliminating the need to transfer data sets into SAS software for analysis and report writing. This poster will demonstrate the use of SASIASSIST to manage data from a 5 year prospective study of oral outcomes in HIV infected children. Topics to be covered include creating a database. designing fo_ls, and match merging data sets, |
clinical research, relational database | source | 5 |
| 249 | Using SAS Software to Perform Multivariate Adjustment of Regression Coefficients Corrected for Regression Dilution Bias | Greg A. Grandits, Patricia Grambsch |
It is well known in simple linear regression that when the independent variable is measured with error, the least squares regression ooefficientwill be underestimated. by a proportion equal to the reliability of the regressor variable. This underestimation has been referred to as regression dilution bias (ROB). When the experimental unit is a person, measurement error may cons1st of within~person variability, in which case the reliability is then the ratio of the between~person variability to the total (within plus between person) variability. Adjustment for ROB can be performed by multiplying the least squares ooefficient by ao estimate of the inverse of this ratio | regression analysis, covariance, predictor variable, proc reg, dataset, proc step, correlation, sample, response variable | source | 3 |
| 250 | Using SAS Views for Data Source Visualization | Steven A. Wilson | SAS Views are extremely powerful tools for managing data files with the SAS System. SAS views are compiled SAS statements that define or describe data that are physically stored somewhere else. The physical data referenced by a SAS view may be a SAS data set or some other file structure that is accessible via SAS. Once created these views are used like any regular SAS data set. In an environment with many different types of frequently accessed data sources, it can be useful to have a shared set of SAS views that are used by a large number of personnel. These views can be used to examine the many different data sources in a similar format, using consistent SAS variable names, labels, and formats. After a brief discussion of the pros and cons of using SAS views, this paper will discuss a method of using SAS views in conjunction with SAS/ AF extended tables for displaying the contents of a data source | proc sql, view, proc step, sql pass-through, dataset, create view, proc print, variable | source | 10 |
| 251 | Using SAS/EIS Software to Front End and Exploit Your Data Warehouse | Ben Cochran, James M. Alessio, Dennis B. Catley |
SASIEIS Software, with its forty plus pre-written objects available in release 6.11, provides an interactive environ ment lhat can be very useful in building many types of applications. These SASIEIS applications can front·end any par! of the SAS System as well as any non·SAS application. This papar focuses on using SASIEIS to front·end the data warehouse for the purpose of exploiting the resident data from a deCision support environment. The application examined in this paper is the Virginia Higher Education Information System | data warehouse, proc sql | source | 6 |
| 252 | Using SAS/STAT Software for Nonparametric 2-Way Analysis of Variance: A Biomedical Device Process Validation Problem | Timothy L. Beck, Sandra Weinert |
In analyzing data from a medical device, the researcher is often faced with data across the range of a biological analyte that may not satisfy the usual assumption for analysis of variance. Friedman's 5 Statistic is a useful nonparametric statistic when conSidering a randomized complete block design (2-way layout) which may be used when the usual assumptions required for analysis of variance (ANOYA) are not met However, calculation of Friedman's 5 is tedious when applied to large data sets. This paper presents an example ofthree manufacturing material sources (pilot lots) to prove manufacturing process capability whens patient values are used to determine analyte response. The model under . consideration is the usual 2-way ANOYA witlliot as a main effect (~), and patient as a blocking variable. The hypotheses to be tested are Ho: ~ = \ \f i, j l,j=1, ... ,k versus H. : at least one t, .. \ ,hoj | anova, proc step, proc print, proc rank, proc sort, proc genmod | source | 6 |
| 253 | Using SASlETS Software to Develop a Forecasting Model | Barbara Ledwith-Crosby | Business forecasting forms the basis for strategic business planning and an accurate, realistic forecast is necessary to bring any value to the business plan. In the railroad industry, the business plan is based primarily on a forecast of how many railroad cars will be traveling on the rail system during a specific time period. Revenue, expenses and other measurable targets are derived from this forecast of railroad cars. There are many methods that can be used to develop a forecast. The decision to use a certain type of method depends on the time and cost that the forecaster can devote to developing the forecast. SAS/ETS provides a variety of means of producing a forecast from 'quick and dirty' to complex and time consuming. One very frequently used method for determining the level of railroad traffic is multiple regression analysis |
response variable, predictor variable, regression analysis, proc model, multiple regression, estimate, proc step | source | 4 |
| 254 | Using SLIST Catalog Entries to Store FRAME Entry Object Information | Randy C. Finch | FRAME e_s are powerful for application development, offering an object-oriented Interactive environment to the programmer. For some applications, B way of storing and retrieving FRAME object attributes is needed. SCL Psts and SUST entries are convenient for this purpose. This arlicle describe. flow SUST enlties can be used for storing and retrieving object infoTmation from a permanent user catalog as well as fw synchronizing object ii'Iformation with multi .. page catalog output such as GRSEG e_s | response variable, predictor variable | source | 5 |
| 255 | Using the REPORT Procedure in a Batch Environment: Dealing with Format Limitations and RAM Requirements | Michael J. Marzano | The emergence of the REPORT procedure offers another convenient method of creating batch reports. This procedure is more flexible than the PRINT, TABULATE, or MEANS procedures and more convenient and easier to use than a custom-<XXled DATA STEP with PUT statements. But convenience and flexibility are sometimes not enough. Two of the more limiting factors of the REPORT procedure are how it handles pagelline "wrapping" and the extensive memory requirements required for processing large amounts of data. This paper will present a method of using a simple SAS Macro to address these two shortfalls to allow large amounts of data to process with minimal memory requirements and provide additional control over pagelline wrapping |
proc report, proc step | source | 3 |
| 256 | Using the SAS System to Detect Differential Item Functioning | James A. Penny | logistic distribution, odds ratio, sample, proc step, proc logistic, proc freq, likelihood function | source | 6 | |
| 257 | Visualizing Your Data on Your Floor Plans with PROC GMAP | Robert E. Allison | Have you ever wanted to integrate your databases with your floor plans, to visualize the data spatially? - If so, then read on! This paper describes how you can create simple SAS maps of your floor plans, and then represent data from your inventory, employee, and other databases on the maps | proc gmap, proc step | source | 8 |
| 258 | Warehouse NOW! Blasting through to Legacy Data with (Almost) No Programming | Jay A. Jaffe | data warehouse, in=, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, dataset, proc means, proc step | source | ||
| 259 | WHATIToo: Documentation Automatically Produced by Your SAS Program | Karen Crandall | proc step, proc freq | source | 3 | |
| 260 | Whet your Application APpetite with DSGI | Danielle Davis | With today's changing business needs, more applications are workstation based. The DATA STEP Graphical Interface (DSGI) toolset of SASIGRAPH" Software is invaluable with today's demand for GUI based applications and presentation style reports. DSGI can be the tool of choice to easily print complex reports that exploit GUI features. With DSGI you can: 1) print text-based reports with mixed fonts and sizes without having to write a submit block in your Screen Control Language (SeL) 2) easily mix multiple reports and graphics on a single page 3) print hardcopy of SAS/AF" Software FRAME-based GUI screens that combine both text and graphics. This tutorial demonstrates how easily DSGI can be utilized to make these capabilities possible |
bar chart, proc step, proc gchart | source | 5 |
| 261 | Why Knowing About Our Customers Helps Our Business A Practical Application of Business Intelligence Software | John McIntyre, Marc Halsted |
The proliferation of affordable and powerful hardware in modern enterprises. the increase in the number of knowledge workers capable Of making valuable use of these tools, and the realization that critical examination of data about the enterprise can really have boffom line impact, have combined to drive modern businesses to examine their decision support infrastructure. Of these business drivers, the most compelling is the connection between business intelligence analysis, and measurable impacts on the activity of an enterprise. This paper will step through a case-study which examines how the use of . business intelligence tools from SAS Institute helps identify new opportunities for the. enterprise | proc step, business intelligence, proc report, dataset, customer segmentation, flat file, if-then-else, price elasticity, excel, proc freq | source | 6 |
| 262 | Working with Classes In SAS/AF FRAME Entries, Release 6.11 | Daniel Gronell | sample, dataset | source | 9 | |
| 263 | Working with SAS Date and Time Functions | Andrew H. Karp | sysdate9, datetime variable, date variable, time variable, datepart, numeric variable, proc freq, proc step, time series analysis, sas function, time | source | 5 | |
| 264 | Year 2000 and SAS or Where's Fred? | Michael L. Sperling | Many computer applications will fail in the year 2000, or earlier without some corrective action. The typical date standard format. sinca the early stages of automation, has been MMIDDIYY. Therefore, 1995 was stored as the two dig~s, '95'. Comparisons between the year 2000 and 1995 (00 and 95) will show 1995 as graater than 2000. Arithmetic calculations will also be inaccurate. The pnoblem may man~est itseff in many areas including, databases, reports, files, screens, sorts, backups, imbedded coding and historical data. Additionally, many software producls for PC platforms .may have been created with valid dates only through 1999. Operating system software (including DOS 6.0) and other vendor packages may not be immune from this disorder .. While SAS does not have this problem by virtue of its unique date handling, what about external data, report titles, and dates stored as character I,ypa data? | sysdate9, options statement | source | 2 |
| 265 | You Want Me to Move How Many Thousand Fifes from MVS to UNIX? | Kenneth A. Hardy, Sally M. Muller, Arturo Barrios |
proc step, proc upload, batch job, macro variable, sas batch, sample, error message, sas library, txt, libname statement, dataset | source |
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