MWSUG 1999 Papers - Index

61 papers. Source: MWSUG (Midwest SAS Users Group) conference proceedings.

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Pages
1	"Functioning" JCL Into a SAS Relational Database Table: Your Portable Tutorial On Character Functions, Plus an MVS Batch Bonus	Douglas Zirbel	This SAS 6.09e Base SAS software program running on IBM mainframe OS390 (MVS) gives you plenty of explained examples of useful SAS string functions and others, as well as a handy `PROC REPORT` example. As an added bonus, it crunches that old mainframe mystery, JCL (Job Control Language), into a denormalized SAS file (table) / report which almost anyone in your IBM mainframe shop can understand	proc step, macro variable, proc report, flat file, sas base, batch job, proc sql	6
2	A Fast Format Macro - How to Quickly Create a Format by Specifying the Endpoints	Christine A. Smiley	Have you ever needed to create a format for a variable that required a large number of ranges? If so, you have probably discovered how tedious the use of `PROC FORMAT` can become. This paper illustrates a macro that can create a numeric format easily and quickly using SAS software. The	proc format, proc step, conditional do loop, macro call, character variable, lag function, macro definition, proc freq, character functions	4
3	A General Gibbs Sampling Algorithm for Analyzing Linear Models Using the SAS System	Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Daniel J. Sargent, Paul J. Novotny, Jeff A. Sloan	A general Gibbs sampling algorithm for analyzing a broad class of linear models under a Bayesian framework is presented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology in the SAS system. The analysis of a North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) oncology clinical trial involving a two-period two-treatment crossover design is presented as an example. Results for the Bayesian model are compared to standard linear models analysis of variance procedures	sample, proc mixed, prior probability, markov chain, mcmc, monte carlo, anova, clinical trial, posterior probability, regression analysis	6
4	A Nerw Winning Dream Team: Linux, SAS, and Oracle	Terry Dahms	Linux is the exciting Unix operating system (OS) that has earned a reputation for stability and low cost. It is the only OS besides Microsoft's NT that is increasing in number of installations. This presentation will cover the challenges of installing Linux and integrating it with SAS and Oracle into a powerful and synergistic environment. Linux, SAS, and Oracle compliment each other and make a powerful new winning combination	dataset, excel	2
5	A Program Which Displays the Whole Line for Each Line Containing a Given Text Search String	Hugh Geary	Have you ever needed to know which of all of your programs use a certain variable, call a certain macro or, more generally, contain a certain character string? Would it be useful to know which of these programs are old or were modified recently? And would you want to have this information for all of the files in a folder and all of its subfolders? There used to be such a utility in VMS on the VAX, but now for PC SAS it has to be reinvented. Lines before and after can be displayed as well in order to help locate the string within the file. The results can be saved in a file or displayed on the screen. An application can be devised for extracting up-to-date program documentation stored within all of your programs into a documentation file at, say, the end of a project	dataset, filename statement	3
6	Ad Hoc Report for Users	Michael A. Mace	The two programs or techniques described here will allow clients to produce their own customized (ad hoc) reports. This provides the client with independence and flexib ility and frees the programmer from 'report boy' syndrome. One technique uses a series of `%PUT` and %INPUT statements to step the client through the process; the second simply uses a brief description to guide the client in entering an SQL statement	macro put, macro variable, proc step, macro definition, proc sql	3
7	Adventures in Arrays: A Beginning Tutorial	Jane Stroupe	Do you need to perform repetitive calculations on a group of variables create many variables with the same attributes restructure your data perform a table lookup with one or more factors? If your answer is "YES" to any of these questions, you should consider using an array in your `DATA STEP`	array, do loop, lookup, variable list	6
8	Building a Better Data Entry Applciation Using PROC FSEDIT	Derek P. Morgan, Michael A. Province	It was once said that, "If you build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to your door." However, for data entry system programmers, "a better mousetrap" is designed to keep people away from our doors. We don't want visits from users with questions about using the system, nor from analysts who want to know why there are 500-pound children sprinkled liberally through the database. Finally, we definitely don't want administrators and supervisors to come knocking, demanding to know why the users and analysts are calling them. This advanced tutorial will cover items beyond the basics of the `FSEDIT` procedure with the goal of building a better data entry system. Familiarity with SCL is helpful. The topics to be covered include: Screen Ergonomics (use of color and placement of items) The difference between the FSEINIT section and the INIT section Cursor control-when NOT to use the defaults Screen variables vs	where statement, proc step, data cleaning, sample, character variable, proc format	11
9	CATALOGER: An Applications Development Tool to View, Compare, and Document SAS Catalogs and Data Files	Christopher A. Roper	This paper will present an application written entirely in SAS that greatly enhances the developer's ability to develop, compare, and manage SAS catalog entries and datasets. This application has point and click capabilities for printing catalog entries, including images of frame entries and complete descriptions of associated widgets directly into Microsoft Word documents, creating publication quality documentation at the push of a button. The batch printing facility allows for printing of all catalog entries of virtually any type, including Program, Source, SCL, and Slist (including expanded sublists) entries. The text searching facility will search through all text-based entries for character strings and allow point and click access to the locations in any catalog entry containing the text string	catalog entry, catalog, dataset	6
10	Creating a Dynamic SAS-Oracle GUI Interface Using SAS/AF FRAME	Paul Ehresmann	An interface using `SAS/AF` Ò FRAME applications may be created to perform various dynamic ORACLEÒ (or other) database procedures, including table creation/deletion, inserting or deleting rows, and other database processes. Interactive creation of macros, `PROC COMPARE` screens, SAS Ò data file creation, SQLPlus and `PROC SQL` procedures, and similar actions may be invoked within linked programs and SCL lists. This presentation will include a dynamic application currently being used in a clinical research organization. The visual aids for this presentation, a catalogued library consisting of the overall application, and sample programs are available for downloading as a self-extracting .EXE file from: http://www.sasmann.8m.com	dataset, proc step, proc sql, proc compare, variable	7
11	Creating Date and Time Intervals	Judy Boura	This course teaches you how to create time intervals using date and time fields entered in various formats with the SAS( system. You will learn how to use the SUBSTR and INPUT functions to convert character data into a date or time field. You will also learn how to create time intervals taking all time and date possibilities into account	input statement, if-then-else	3
12	Creating HTML Documents	Robert Purvis	HTML documents are an excellent means of replacing lengthy reports with easily viewed and searchable material. Understanding the basics of HTML will help you create and modify reports. You can use `DATA STEP` programming to produce efficient output when space is limited, or the latest versions or modules of SAS are not available	ods html, dataset	2
13	Data Summarization Methods in Base SAS Procedures	Lynne Bresler	Various Base SAS procedures compute an array of statistics to summarize your data. The types of statistical reports these procedures generate differ. With Version 8 enhancements, `PROC UNIVARIATE` now produces high-resolution displays of histograms, comparative histograms, probability plots, and quantile-quantile plots along with an optional table of descriptive statistics. The histograms can also include overlays of fitted density curves or kernel density estimates to examine the underlying data distribution. This paper compares how `PROC MEANS`, `PROC TABULATE`, and `PROC UNIVARIATE` generate descriptive statistics and describes how to use graphical displays to summarize your data	proc step, proc univariate, proc tabulate, histogram, ods html, sas base, class variable, data visualization, proc means, standard deviation, qq plot, output delivery system, proc freq	9
14	Designing User Interface by Using the Macro Facility	Quan Ren	User interface can be designed by using `SAS/AF` , it can also be designed by using the macro facility. This paper is to present a way to design user interface by using the macro facility	macro facility, macro variable	2
15	Enhancement in Easy Interface for SAS - A SAS Application on the Windows Platform	John (Zhaun) Xu	Easy Interface for SAS (EI) is a Windows 95/98/NT application that uses SAS as a database and analytic engine through SAS OLE automation server. EI was designed to enable non-programmers to use basic SAS functionality without writing a single line of SAS code. Users are provided with a main screen styled after Windows Explorer. EI allows users to summarize data, calculate correlation, and perform sample size estimation, random sampling, T-tests, ANOVA and regression. In addition, EI supports the viewing, subsetting, sorting, merging, importing and exporting of SAS data sets. It can be used to generate various kinds of reports. Its DOLAP (Desktop Online Analytic Processing) function is powerful yet quite easy to use for slicing and drilling down. Another nice feature is EIS Ad Hoc Application, which allows most SAS programs to be integrated into Easy Interface for SAS by creating a dynamic GUI. It also supports client/server computing through `SAS/CONNECT`	format statement, dataset, sample, proc step, txt, proc sql, where statement, sas output, sample size, excel, data governance, macro variable, proc format, random sampling, delimited file, variable list, proc freq, sas programming, anova, correlation, regression analysis	9
16	Exploiting SAS Meta Data: A report writer example	Delayne H. Stokke	SAS stores a lot of information about your SAS data sets. I've found that it's advantageous to assign descriptive labels to variables and to data sets. If you store your data in SAS data set format, the labels you assign may be able to serve as all of the documentation that's required. This can be especially useful if your data sets are infrequently used, or if you are supplying your data sets to a colleague or a customer for further use. You may find that it's also helpful to store format information for the variables in your data sets. This paper will explore some of the Meta Data that SAS stores in the data set, along with some of the functions that provide access to this data. To illustrate some of the ideas, an example report writer will be used	dataset, proc step, proc contents, proc print	6
17	FIND2000: A Y2K Search Tool For Finding Data Related Strings In SAS Code	Christopher A. Roper	Although SAS Version 6 is primarily year 2000 compliant, it may nevertheless be advantageous to find date-related strings that are associated with two digit years. Find2000 is a search tool written in SAS that facilitates finding date-related strings. Find2000 has the flexibility to customize the search criteria and save the search results in several ways	catalog entry, dataset	5
18	Formats and Labels-Making Your Output More Readable	Judy Boura	This course teaches you how to use the LABEL and FORMAT procedures to make your output easier to understand when writing programs using SAS software. You will learn how to assign labels to variables using a simple LABEL statement. You will also learn how to write your own formats, how to assign variables to either formats you create or standard SAS formats and how to create a permanent library of formats so you don't have to keep retyping common formats	format statement, proc format, proc step	2
19	Getting Stylish with Version 7 Base Reporting	David W. Kelley, Sandy McNeill	With Version 7 of the SAS System, you can exploit Output Delivery System (`ODS`) styles to produce HyperText Markup Language (HTML) summary and detail reports ready for Web publishing. This paper shows how you can customize the stylistic appearance of your reports using extensions to `PROC REPORT` and `PROC TABULATE` that are specific to `ODS`	proc step, proc report, proc tabulate, proc format, class variable, proc template, if-then-else, ods html, proc gchart, output delivery system	14
20	How to open Excel Intelligently using SCL functions ported to Base SAS	Christopher A. Roper	The SAS Companion for the Microsoft Windows Environment illustrates one technique for opening Microsoft `EXCEL` from within SAS using DDE. This technique has several disadvantages. First, it does not check whether `EXCEL` is already open, it can unintentionally open multiple `EXCEL` sessions and this can be problematic. Second, it does not know with certainty when it has opened `EXCEL`, it relies on the SLEEP function to pause processing until a set amount of time has passed. Hopefully, the amount of time is sufficient for `EXCEL` to open successfully, but there is no guarantee. Finally, this set amount of time must be predetermined and sufficient for the worst case scenario (i.e. the slowest machine on which the code might possibly be run). This means the pause is always set higher than the minimum amount of time required for `EXCEL` to open, does not take advantage of the best resources available, and causes the end user to wait unnecessarily	excel, sas base	3
21	Informing Doctors Who Manage Care: A SAS - based Physicia Profiling and Incentive System	Mary F. MacDougall, William C. Murphy	If you've ever earned a paycheck from a large U.S. company, you have probably participated in a performance review. You may have received feedback about how well you were meeting	insurance claims, proc means	4
22	Intranet Security and SAS: A Brute Force Approach to Logging In	Kerril S. Bauerly		macro variable, n	5
23	Intranet Security and SAS: A Sneaky Approach to Dynamic Applications	Kerril S. Bauerly		proc step, proc sql	6
24	Language Interpretation of Prescription Label Sigs: Computing Daily Consumptions in Medication Compliance Studies	Patty J. Keys	Computing daily consumptions in medication compliance studies has been an arduous task. Pharmacy dispensing information systems typically report a 'days supply' data field. However, the information contained in it is unpredictable, at best. A more reliable method of computing daily consumptions is interpretation of the sig field on the prescription label. However, the data entered in it is commonly a combination of pre-determined abbreviations, custom abbreviations and free text entries which often times include misspelled words	compress function, index	6
25	Longitudinal Data Analysis Repeated-Measure ANOVA and Mixed Models	Nancy E. Briggs, Ching-Fan Sheu	Researchers in psychology often use longitudinal designs to assess change. Various statistical techniques have been used to analyze these data, including repeated measures analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and multiple regression. This paper illustrates the use of the SAS system to examine growth curves with these methods and introduces a relatively unused technique, linear mixed models, as well. The advantages of using a mixed model	anova, covariance, proc step, regression analysis, proc mixed, likelihood function, repeated measures, covariance structure, estimate, multiple regression, proc glm, manova, repeated measures anova, compound symmetry, proc genmod, proc calis, maximum likelihood estimation, model training, multivariate analysis, random intercept, restricted maximum likelihood	6
26	Multivariate Time Series Analysis - An adaptation of Box-Jenkins Methodology	Joseph N. Ladalla	A time domain analysis of Multivariate Time series is suggested which exploits Box-Jenkins methodology after the given time series data is translated into the principal components based on the dispersion matrix. After fitting suitable models for each of the principal components, these models may be converted into multivariate ARIMA models for the original data. Similarly the forecasts for the individual principal components may be put together into a matrix of forecasts to obtain forecasts for the original multivariate time series. We apply the	proc princomp, time series analysis, time series data, sample, confidence interval	6
27	New PROC REPORT Procedure - An Enhanced PROC REPORT	Quan Ren	This paper is intended to present an enhanced `PROC REPORT` procedure. With traditional `REPORT` procedure, statistics MEDIAN can not be calculated , BOX option can draw grills on the report table , but it can not draw lines separating different headers , also it can not be used with text FLOW option which is used to wrap long texts. When FLOW option is used to wrap a long text, it puts every wrapped part of the text in a separate line, it's hard even impossible to tell which line is wrapped down from its previous line. With the enhanced procedure, statistics MEDIAN can be calculated, BOX option and text FLOW option have been improved. Now, BOX option can draw vertical and horizontal lines to separate headers and it can also be used with FLOW option. When FLOW option is used to wrap long texts, it groups the wrapped parts by the original texts, it's easy to tell which line is wrapped down from its previous line	proc report, adverse events, proc step	4
28	Obtaining User Criteria Without Editing the Code	Michael A. Mace	%WINDOW provides an elegant means to gather user criteria for customized or ad hoc reports. Some of the benefits are: only Base SAS is needed (no `SAS/AF` ), there is only one program to write and maintain, and the end-user never has to edit any code. Several examples will demonstrate gathering single and multiple choices per parameter and conditionally gathering criteria. In addition, the use of %WINDOW will be compared to using `%PUT` and %INPUT	macro variable, macro put, %if-%then-%else, macro flow control, macro definition, sas base, macro loop, macro facility	6
29	ODS for Data Analysis: Output As-You-Like-It in Version 7	Christopher R. Olinger, Randall D. Tobias		anova, response variable	8
30	Positioning SAS for Corporate Effectiveness	John M. LaBore, Thomas H. Burger	Accelerated research and development has increased industry reliance on Information Technology (IT). Biopharmaceutical IT divisions increasingly require an infrastructure capable of providing global enterprise-wide business solutions. However, when the application of IT innovation to business solutions occurs at an insufficient rate, business needs go unfulfilled. Of particular importance to accelerating research is the implementation of application software for decision making. SAS â software provides powerful tools for data warehousing, decision support and presentation, but their effectiveness is directly proportional to an understanding of business issues and how SAS can solve them. A strategy for the integration of these tools into the business streamlines and accelerates critical processes	data migration, clinical research	6
31	Presenting Multi-Level Information in One Plot by Dynamically Generating the PLOT Statement	Li Yuan, Bill Zhang	In clinical and pre-clinical trial studies, data sets usually contain information on treatment groups, subjects, event time points, and efficacy parameters. Very often we are interested in presenting treatment group level, subject level, and even subgroup (i.e. gender, age group, tooth surface etc.) level information in the same plot. For example, we might be interested in drawing lines for each subject over the visit time points and at the same time using different line styles and colors to distinguish each treatment group and subgroup in the same plot. Using the current version of `SAS/GRAPH` one can only present one level of information on one plot, i.e., parameter time point = subject, parameter time point = treatment group, or parameter * time point = subgroup. One way to improve this is to use SAS macro facilities and to dynamically generate the PLOT statement	proc step, proc greplay, macro definition, macro facility, proc gplot, macro variable	4
32	PROC SQL Dictionary Tables - A Great Source of Information about Data Sets	Wendih S. Yao	`PROC SQL` provides the capability to retrieve information about all libraries and external files that are allocated in a session. This information will be returned as what appears to be rows in tables and can be accessed from other procedures by creating views of the tables listed in this paper. It can be accessed by `PROC SQL` with views of the tables or with the table names themselves	proc sql, dictionary tables, proc step, macro variable, order by, adverse events, serious adverse event	4
33	REG, GLM, ANOVA: Which One? Why? How?	Linda M. Quinn	Modeling the relationship between a response variable and one or more independent variables can be done within the SAS System using many different PROCs including REG, ANOVA, and GLM. This beginning level tutorial will show which procedure is the best choice under a variety of different conditions, why one might be a better choice than another, and the difference in output. Examples and coding will be provided	proc genmod, anova, regression analysis, proc step, predictor variable, estimate, binary variable, interaction effect, proc anova, proc reg, proc glm, covariance, main effect, response variable	6
34	Replaying Graphics with PROC GREPLAY	Jeffery D. Gilbert	This is a paper that introduces the storage and retrieval of graphs in The SAS System. The audience will be shown how to store graphs in a catalog, how to retrieve the graph and print using `PROC GREPLAY`, and how to format the stored graph using templates. Interactive and non- interactive use of `PROC GREPLAY` will be covered. Storing Graphs Graphs created in `SAS/GRAPH` will be stored in a SAS catalog. A SAS catalog is a SAS file that is used to store SAS specific objects, such as graphs, frames, macros, and formats. 1. To create a SAS catalog containing a graph created in `SAS/GRAPH`, simply include the option GOUT=<`LIBNAME`>.<catname> in your `PROC` Gxxxx statement, where `LIBNAME` is the library name and catname is the catalog name. Please note the following: 2. If `LIBNAME` is not specified, then WORK is assumed. 3. If the GOUT option is not specified, then the graphics output is directed to the catalog WORK.GSEG	proc greplay, proc step, catalog	3
35	Reporting: Moving from V6 to V7 with ODS	Paul Kent	This paper observes the transition of several reports used by R&D Management at SAS Institute from their Version 6 incarnation through several rounds of improvement. Along the way, we point out some techniques that can be used to make reports delivered "on the Web" more effective. We show how we used the new `ODS` features in Base SAS Software together with `SAS/GRAPH` and `SAS/INTRNET` software to modernize reports from the bug-reporting application used by many developers at SAS Institute. When we were finished, we had transformed lumpy mono-spaced batch printout into vibrant web pages with clickable graphs and reports. Building links to other applications like "up to the minute detail reports" further enhanced the utility of these new HTML pages. The paper is a cookbook of examples for something that you can try at your place of business too. Complete Paper Location This material is presented more effectively as a series of examples that build upon the previous one		5
36	Sample Size Determination From A Pilot Bioequivalence Study For A Future Pivotal Bioequivalence Study: A SAS Procedure	Xiang Gao, Henry Cheng	The purpose of research study develops an automated computer statistical procedure to determine sample size from a pilot bioequivalence study for a future pivotal bioequivalence study. The sample size is critical in a pivotal bioavailability/ bioequivalence study, and was often estimated from a pilot study. A comprehensive review of current literature reveals that the software for sample size determination using data from a pilot study has not been reported (D. Inouye, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am., 1997). A series computer code (SAS) which contains four macro-driven programs has been developed to perform the following steps: 1) The statistical analysis of a two-period crossover pilot bioequivalence study according to the FDA guidance 'Statistical procedures for bioequivalence studies using a standard two- treatment crossover design' and the paper by Sauter et al (Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol	sample size, sample, confidence interval, geomean, least squares mean, cv, clinical trial, power analysis, pk parameter, adpp, data science, dataset, proc mixed, anova	7
37	SAS Engineered MVS Tools: Source Code Change Report	Tony Melfi	Being a support person in an IBM shop, I find it helpful knowing what source items have changed recently. Problem resolution time will decrease if the on-call support person can rule out problems relating to a recent source code change. The shop that I work at has a paper based change management process that includes e-mail notification of new or changed items, but this system is subject to human error and is not always published prior to the end of day. Keeping these facts in mind, I thought it would help my teammates and I if we had an electronically generated report that listed all new and changed entries in our production libraries	data step, proc step, sample, dataset	5
38	SAS For COBOL (And Other) Programmeers: How to Spread The Wealth In Your Market	Douglas Zirbel	For all its power and behind-the-scenes success, SAS software is still unknown to many programmers and I/T management. This paper provides tools you can use to solve this problem in your company or area by offering a short SAS class which gets programmers up and running quickly	proc step, data step	5
39	SAS MACRO Basics and Fundamentals	Timothy J. Harrington	This paper introduces and discusses the SAS MACRO language for new SAS Programmers, or those with some prior SAS MACRO experience. This paper also explains the role of SAS Macro code in the SAS System compilation and execution phases and how SAS MACRO and the Base SAS System may be used together to write more efficient code and tackle specific programming tasks. The major SAS MACRO topics and common functions are illustrated, with examples, as well as common problems encountered, and their solutions, when using the SAS MACRO language. The role of SAS MACRO The SAS Macro compiler is a pre-compiler, which, with only a few exceptions, resolves SAS Macro code before the Base SAS (or SAS SCL) code is compiled. The basic sequence of events is thus: Macro code Resolution SAS Code Compilation The SAS MACRO language has two types of code (1) Invocation Statements, preceded by a percent (%) sign and (2) Macro Variables, preceded by an ampersand (&)	macro variable, macro definition, sas base, macro facility, variable, macro loop, macro put, %if-%then-%else, macro quoting function, clinical trial, proc step, proc sql, proc print, clinical data, character variable, where statement, sysrc, macro flow control, macro function	10
40	SAS Stew Keeps Facilities Running	Michael A. Mace	At first glance, this application looks like five `SAS/FSEDIT` screens and several canned reports. However, when we look at the recipe, we find oodles of nifty things working together --- from `SAS/ACCESS` for DB2 . SCL assisting in data entry, window- jumping, and data summing to reporting and data maintenance. So many good things, we have to come back for seconds	if-then-else, db2 access	11
41	SAS VSAM Processing for IBM Mainframe CICS Environment	David Thul	Most mainframers view Base SAS as a tool to use to write simple reports using flat files as input. It is the exception to find a shop that uses the tool as part of their production environment for not only report writing, but for updating files as well. One purpose of this paper to show easy it is to maximize SAS's power in your IBM CICS shop	infile statement, flat file	3
42	See Ya CLIST: Migration of SAS Applications from the IBM Mainframe to the Web	Joyce C. Zandee, Paul Lewis	This paper discusses the conversion and consolidation of several mainframe SAS applications to UNIX using a single Web-based front end. The Web interface enables end-users to generate raw data listings and statistical summary reports from their laboratory data with no assistance from colleagues trained in SAS or the native operating system, as previously had been required when the analysis applications resided on the mainframe computer. Laboratory technicians use the Web interface to enter study protocol information into a SAS dataset and submit a SAS job. CGI programs written in Perl then access SAS programs and data on UNIX. The Web interface provides a mechanism for colleagues to review the SAS output and create PDF renditions of the resulting reports. Features of the application for viewing the SAS protocol dataset, editing text, and administering application security will also be presented. An on-line demonstration of the interface is planned	dataset, sas output	4
43	Small Response Surface Designs	Tena I. Katsaounis	Three level factorial designs are discussed that are suitable for small second order designs. The best choice of potential design points is discussed under the criterion of minimizing the generalized variance of the parameters in the model. Two methods are illustrated that yield designs with different resolution for the main effects and two factor interactions. Both methods involve the use of Partially Balanced Arrays. The Extended Partially Balanced Array is defined as a generalization of the Partially Balanced array. Keywords: Response Surface Design; D-optimal Design; Saturated Design; Irregular Fractional Factorial Design; Partially Balanced Array	main effect, proc step	6
44	Splitting Files: Use of the "filevar" option for external files, and a programmed macro approach for SAS Datasets	Delayne H. Stokke	In my programming experience, I've often had a need to split data into multiple files based on a field that is present in the input file. The FILEVAR option of the FILE statement provides the required functionality for splitting data into multiple external files. However, I've found that there is quite a bit of confusion about how to code and use this option. The first part of this paper will explain how to use this option, and will highlight some common problems that may be encountered. The second part of this paper will explain a macro method that can be used to easily split a file into multiple SAS data sets, again based on a field that is present in the input	file statement, macro call, filename statement, dataset	8
45	This Old Code: Tips for Renovating SAS Release 5.18 Programs	Mary F. MacDougall	Release 5.18 and prior releases for MVS are not Year 2000 compliant. If you have SAS Release 5.18 programs that must continue to run after December 31, 1999, you should convert them to use a later release of SAS, such as 6.09E or 7. Most code written for SAS Release 5.18 can be run with newer releases of SAS. However, some programs will require modifications for the following reasons: Some options and keywords are no longer valid. Some non-standard syntax that was permitted in Release 5.18 could cause error conditions. There is a change in how SAS software processes certain calculations. Some default settings have changed. * The appearance and content of some procedure output has changed	by group processing, proc step, proc print, proc printto	2
46	Tips about Using Data Step Option Point access	Jingren Shi, Shiling Zhang	This paper discusses how to use SAS `DATA STEP` option POINT = in data manipulation among observations. For example, how to access observations directly from within a data set to get the useful information or how to generate a random sample from a data set. It is not uncommon for an inexperienced SAS programmer taking several steps to manipulation a data set into a desired format when it can be done in a single step. All examples used here are based on questions posted on comp.soft- sys.sas or sas-l. Terminology and Definition SAS `DATA STEP` option POINT = variable-name reads SAS data sets using random (direct) access by observation number. With the POINT= option, one names a temporary variable whose value is the number of the observation one wants the `SET` statement to read. Because the POINT = option reads only those observations specified in the option, the SAS system cannot read an end-of-file indicator as it would if the file were being read sequentially	data step, transaction data, call symput, sample, macro variable, proc step	5
47	Tips about Using Trailing @	Jingren Shi, Shiling Zhang	This paper presents various tricks and simple efficient techniques that can benefit all kinds of	input statement, pointer control, txt, data step, dataset, sas programmer, trailing @	6
48	Updating Some Tips and Techniques to Version 7	Deb Cassidy	The SAS Applications Guide, 1987 Edition stated that it is "a collection of examples that illustrate how you can use base SAS software to solve a variety of data entry, analysis, management and report generation problems." It was written as a Version 5 and 6 update for the 1980 edition. Now that another 12 years have passed, and we're using Version 7 or 8 with rumors of Versions 9 and 10, are the examples still valid? Do they run? Are there alternative ways to do the same thing that are more efficient? This presentation will walk through some of the examples that are covered as well as cover some other options that are relevant as you head into the next century. This paper is based on Version 7 on a Windows operating system with Base, `SAS/STAT`,	input statement, missing value, if-then-else	10
49	Updating Some Tips and Techniques to Version 7 - Part 2	Deb Cassidy	There was so much material to cover for this presentation that it became two presentation. Each are written independent of the other. The SAS Applications Guide, 1987 Edition stated that it is "a collection of examples that illustrate how you can use base SAS software to solve a variety of data entry, analysis, management and report generation problems." It was written as a Version 5 and 6 update for the 1980 edition. Now that another 12 years have passed, and we're using Version 7 or 8 with rumors of Versions 9 and 10, are the examples still valid? Do they run? Are there alternative ways to do the same thing that are more efficient? This presentation will walk through some of the examples that are covered in the Diagnosing Errors chapter of the guide. This paper is based on Version 7 on a Windows operating system with Base,	error message, keep statement, automatic variable, proc step	7
50	Using %WINDOW to Obtain User Criteria for Reports	Michael A. Mace	Using %WINDOW provides an elegant means by which to gather user criteria for customized or ad hoc reports. Several examples will be used to demonstrate gathering single or multiple choices per criterion. In addition, the use of %WINDOW will be compared to using `%PUT` and %INPUT	macro put, macro variable, %if-%then-%else, macro facility, macro definition	5
51	Using Continuous Sampling Plans to Quantify the Effectiveness of Quality Assurance Checks on Data From Clinical Trials	Dennis W. King, Roderick Lashley		dataset, quality assurance, clinical trial, sample	4
52	Using JMP for Visualization and DOE: A real life example	William R. Gjertsen	JMP is a Statistical Discovery tool from SAS Institute Inc. This paper will illustrate some of the discovery and visualization features one can use for the design o f experiments (DOE) using JMP. Based on a real life situation, consider an engineer at a device manufacturer who has the need to make up to 60 lead attachments to an integrated circuit. If connection breakage forces are recorded we want to design so that we maximize the break forces while simultaneously minimize the variability. With two different connection substrates (nominal) and three continuous factors we can run the concatenation of two Box-Behnken response surf ace designs, one for each substrate, in 26 runs and understand the optimal settings instead of passively running a Plackett-Burman screening design. If the supplier supplies additional substrates we can run an augmented design for verification	residual, standard deviation	9
53	Using Logistic Regression to Predict Customer Retention	Andrew H. Karp		logistic distribution, logistic regression, regression analysis, response variable, proc step, proc logistic, predictor variable, customer retention, odds ratio, proc reg, r-squared, dataset, credit card, proc genmod	5
54	Using PROC MIXED in Hierarchical Linear Models: Examples from two- and three-level school-effect analysis, and meta-analysis research	Sawako Suzuki, Ching-Fan Sheu	The study presents useful examples of fitting hierarchical linear models using the `PROC MIXED` statistical procedure in the SAS system. Hierarchical linear models are quite common in social science studies, in particular educational research, due to naturally occurring hierarchies or clusters (e.g., students belong to classes which are nested in schools). Despite their prevalence, the SAS `PROC MIXED` does not seem to be fully recognized of its usefulness in analyzing these models. The current paper discusses the advantages of fitting the hierarchical linear models to multilevel data sets and the convenience of conducting such analysis with `PROC MIXED`. Examples from two- and three- level school-effects analysis, and meta-analysis research are introduced. Particular focus will be on practical usage of the program: how the program scripts are constructed in relation to the model, and how to interpret the output in the context of the research question	proc mixed, proc step, odds ratio, random intercept, proc calis, fixed effects, covariance, likelihood function, restricted maximum likelihood, model training, regression analysis, effect size, hypothesis testing, interaction effect, random slope, logistic distribution	8
55	Using PROC REPORT to Generate "Impossible" Totals	Andrea J. Decker	`PROC REPORT` can be manipulated to generate summary lines at many different levels. The SUMMARIZE option of the BREAK statement performs these calculations for many different statistics. Problems arise when percentages, weighted percentages, and weighted averages need to be summarized to a certain level. This paper will describe problems involved and solutions to calculate these "impossible" totals	proc step, proc report, dataset, proc means, apr	9
56	Using SAS and DDE to Execute VBA Macros in Microsoft Excel	Christopher A. Roper	Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is the programming language Microsoft uses for all their desktop products, including Microsoft `EXCEL`. VBA allows programmatic control for virtually all the functionality of `EXCEL`. Because of the popularity of `EXCEL` as an end-user tool and the power and flexibility of the SAS System to deliver information, integration of these two resources is inevitable. One of the most popular and powerful protocols for integrating SAS and `EXCEL` is Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). However, SAS can not send VBA commands to `EXCEL` using DDE. This paper will present a technique for circumventing this limitation. A VBA macro can be recorded in an `EXCEL` workbook, and then that macro can be executed by a SAS application using DDE and a command from the `EXCEL` 4.0 macro language	excel, xls	4
57	Validation of SAS Macro Systems	Philip M. Pochon, Thomas H. Burger	The validation of systems for regulated environments requires rigorous testing. System validation is generally achieved through structural testing ('white box') and functional testing ('black box'). SAS macros permit construction of analysis and reporting systems using highly testable modular components. We describe a systematic method of validating macros which permits structural testing and (multilevel) functional testing while preserving regression testability	data cleaning, macro definition, macro variable, macro conditional, regression analysis	5
58	Warehouse to Web Using a Powerful SAS Solution	Inez Williams, Carol Martin	Customers have urgent needs for quick and easy access to quality, consistent, and timely Ohio health data. To meet their ever-growing needs, the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) Data Warehouse was created. By integrating the `SAS/WAREHOUSE` Administrator, `SAS/MDDB` Server, and `SAS/INTRNET`, health information is available in static and dynamic formats. This paper provides an overview of the	length statement, data validation rules	5
59	Warranty Processing System	Tim Vorce	The Warranty Processing System (WPS) provides valuable information about warranty performance. The customer is a parts supplier for an automotive company. Warranty claims information is imperative to improve performance of parts suppliers, by identifying parts that require service under warranty. SAS was utilized to process the data, partly because the data was available in this format. A specialized Intel platform was constructed for this project, because of the magnitude of the processing involved	macro variable, proc step, macro definition, data cleaning, dataset, %if-%then-%else	6
60	Working with SAS Date and Time Functions with Reference to Year 2000 Issues	Andrew H. Karp		sysdate9, datetime variable, date variable, datepart, raw data, numeric variable, dataset, time variable, proc freq, proc step, datetime, time series analysis, if-then-else, mdy, time, subsetting if	7
61	Year 2000 Triage For Your SAS Applications	Mike Kalt	You had every intention of finishing all of your Year 2000 testing and remediation early and spending January 1, 2000 lying on the beach. But it's just a few months before the millennium and you still haven't tested your SAS applications! Even if you don't have time to do complete testing of all of your SAS applications there are a number of things you can do to find and eliminate potential problems. This paper will discuss the most effective techniques for evaluating your SAS applications and making them compliant in the shortest amount of time. Some of the topics to be covered include: Tools to locate potential problems in your SAS applications What to look for when testing your SAS applications Testing your applications in a Year 2000 environment Using the YEARCUTOFF= option to handle two-digit years	date variable, sysdate9, proc step, dataset, raw data, character variable, proc sql, sas log, catalog entry, excel, data cleaning	7

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