PNWSUG 1998 Papers - Index

38 papers. Source: PNWSUG (Pacific Northwest SAS Users Group) conference proceedings.

#	Title ×	Authors ×	Abstract ×	Keywords ×	Pages
1	%FLATFILE, and Make Your Life Easier	Michelle Buchecker	%FLA TFILE Is a macro lllat wUl create a 1IaI file from a SASe data set. This macro takes 3 parameters: the SAS data library name, lIle SAS data set name, and ilia name of the ftat file to create. The beauty of %FLA TALE Is lllat K wi" query the data set to detennIne lIle variable names and write out lIle PUT statement INCLUDING lIle variables' pennanent formal (or a default 111here is none). Operating Sys!ems: ALL Version: SAS 6.07 or higher	macro variable, flat file, call symput, proc sql, proc step	6
2	A Simple Solution to the PROC SORT NOPUD Option Problem	Peter J. Lund	`PROC SORT` offers a ''nodup'' option, which is purported to "check for and eliminate duplicate observations. This option causes `PROC SORT` to compare all variable values for each observation to the previous one written to the output data set." The documentation further states that "if an exact match is found, the observation is not written to the output dataset." It has long been known that these statements are not quite true. The NODUP option only works if the duplicate observations are adjacent to each other in the data vector after the sort is completed. This has caused many a duplicate record to be written out and many a programmer to ponder the unexpected results. This paper presents a simple, one step approach to the problem. The approach presented does not require sorting the dataset by every variable, which is a solution but can be cumbersome if the dataset contains a large number of variables	proc step, proc sort, proc sql, create table, variable list, macro variable, order by, %if-%then-%else	5
3	Advanced Macros	Dana Rafiee	Of all the macro - `DATA STEP` interfacing functions and routines, the Call SYMPUT call routine is undoubtedly the most important and most useful of all. With Call SYMPUT we have yet another way of creating a macro variable and giving it a value, but this time from within `DATA STEP` execution. Remember, this is a `DATA STEP` routine; like SYMGET, it cannot be used anywhere other than in a `DATA STEP`.	macro variable, call symput, proc step, symbol table, dataset, proc append, proc sql, macro loop, if-then-else	9
4	Advanced SQL	Dana Rafiee	A series of functions are provided to work 'down the columns'. A complete list of these functions is given.	group by, order by, proc step, by group processing, select, sas programming, proc print	15
5	Anyone Can Learn PROC TABULATE	Lauren E. Haworth	SAS provides hundreds of ways you can analyze your data. You can use the `DATA STEP` to slice and dice your data, and there are dozens of procedures that will process your data and produce all kinds of statistics. But odds are that no matter how you or ganize and analyze your data, you'll end up produc ing a report in the form of a table. This is why every SAS user needs to know how to use `PROC TABULATE`. While TABULATE doesn't do anything that you can't do with other PROCs, the payoff is in the output. TABULATE computes a va riety of statistics, and it neatly packages the results in a single table. Unfortunately , TABULATE has gotten a bad rap as being a difficult procedure to learn. This paper will prove that if you take things step by step, anyone can learn `PROC TABULATE`	proc tabulate, proc step	6
6	Arrays in SAS Software	Dana Rafiee	An array is a simple way of giving a single name to a group of related variables. Two Types of Arrays: implicitly subscripted arrays, explicitly subscripted arrays. The former relate to older versions of the software; thus, only the latter will be discussed. Anywhere you need to deal with variables across observations as a single unit or where you have to perform the same action on related variables in the same observation may be helped by the use of arrays.	data step, do loop	6
7	Beginning Macros	Dana Rafiee	In this module we discuss the first of the two special characters - the ampersand (&). When the SAS Supervisor sees an ampersand followed by a non-blank character, the macro facility is triggered. In turn, the macro facility, determines the value for the macro variable and passes the value back on to the input stack.	macro variable, macro put, macro facility, proc step, macro definition, macro call, &variable, proc print, symbol table, keyword parameter, missing value, macro parameter, %macro parameters, macro quoting function	6
8	Building a Corporate Warehouse Management and Deployment Systems	Chris Lane	Managing data warehouses in a complex environment has its challenges. Dealing with multiple databases/servers, data model consistency, security, business information and access to data were the problems identified by the Government of Yukon when they wanted to create an open, enterprise-wide data warehousing solution. Industry standard access techniques, a managed centralized metabase and an end-user deployment system were identified as the solution	proc sql, where statement, excel, dataset	6
9	Decision Tree Classification in Direct Marketing	Robert Mengis	The SAS Institute's %TREEDISC macro is implemented in a client-server, Windows 95-UNIX, `SAS/AF` application context. This paper discusses a Direct Marketing promotion response model application of the macro with regard to variable selection and formatting, performance optimization, tree generation, tree display, classification of test data, analysis of leaf nodes, and the application logic to manage and control the modeling process	predictor variable, sample, proc hpsplit, regression analysis, proc step, proc sort, response variable	9
10	Distance between Two Geographic Locations	William Kreuter	One often needs to obtain the distance between two locations (often between two zipcodes), given only their geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude). Some programmers try to solve this by using a little high-school geometry, some sort of variation on distance = sqrt(x2+y2). The reason why this doesn't work except possibly over quite short distances is that this Euclidean solution is only correct on a plane. However, the points are on the Earth's surface, which is nearly spherical. A solution follows which would be exactly correct if the Earth were a perfect sphere. The inaccuracy resulting from the departure from sphericity is quite small, and the following expression works nearly as well as more complicated ones. (I detest M$ Word's equation editor and the conference organizers couldn't accept LaTeX, so I'll render this in SAS notation and let the lines wrap where they may.)	data step, sample	1
11	Do Loops in SAS Software	Dana Rafiee	A `DATA STEP` in the SAS programming language is an implied loop. It usually contains a read statement (INPUT or SET) that reads data from an external file or another SAS data set.	data step, conditional do loop, proc print, output, proc step	11
12	Dressing Up Your Version 6 Objects to be Version 7 Components	Glen R. Walker, Tammy L. Gagliano	Version 7 SASlA~ softwara exploits Ihe SAS Component Object Model (SOOM) Archltacture 10 provide application developers with a rapid application development I0OI for object oriented applications. All_Sting applications will continue to run uncIer Version 7 willi no changes; however, with minimal work, your legacy classes can be enhanCeCIlO fully exploit Ihe new features. In this paper we will discuss lIIe few simple $tepa you can take 10 make your 8ldS1ing ctasses work as ScaM componenIs and what advantages this will bring	length statement, catalog entry	7
13	Intranet Publishing with SAS/Base using Perl in a UNIX Environment	Wade H. Van Buskirk	The method developed here for publishing data from SAS using a web server is known as the Computer Gateway Interface or CGI scripting method. CGI scripts normally operate in a batch nature in reaction to a web form submitted from a web browser. The script working in conjunction with the web server updates a frame or document on the browser. The update passed back to the web server from the CGI script can be generated by a batch SAS session. Development of this technique was independent of the `SAS/CGI` and Web Broker in the `SAS/INTERNET` product and other available SAS CGI scripts. This method and the Web Broker can be distinguished by their ability to execute SAS programs on an independent computer known here as a "SAS server" somewhere on the Internet. Other methods of serving SAS data through the Internet such as with Java applets or some other client side application exist. These other methods technically operate more interactively with a SAS server to update the client web browser.	macro variable, sas log, proc tabulate, proc step, sas batch, macro definition	10
14	Make Your Own Logical Operators	William Kreuter	The SAS base language provides just three logical operators: "not," "and" and "[inclusive] or." Many SAS .useI'S feel that this is a deficient set, as it lacks other possible logical comparisons, notably Exclusive Or. However, it is easily possible to program an Exclusive Or and all the other possible comparisons.	sas base, subsetting if	1
15	Measuring Advertising Impacts on Conservation Behavior: A Business Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior	Ken Seiden, Jane S. Peters, Doug O'Brien	The theory of planned behavior has been widely used by behavioral psychologists to understand the motivational factors influencing behavioral actions. Researchers have applied the model to cognitive processes leading to physical fitness, voting, leisure and other activities. The planned behavior model hypothesizes that behavioral actions are directly influenced by intentions toward performing those actions, which in turn are influenced by individual attitudes about the activity, perceptions of individual control over the behavior, and societal norms. Our application measures the impacts of an advertising campaign on energy conservation behavior. This study employs a traditional pre/post treatment/control group design. We present midterm	regression analysis, correlation, sample	8
16	Merge Processing - Alternative Table Lookup Techniques	Dana Rafiee	This tutorial is designed to show you several techniques available for pulling together multiple sets of data for the purpose of combining or comparing their values	proc step, macro variable, lookup, proc sql, array, by group processing, call symput, data step, proc format, proc print, format statement	8
17	Moving SAS Information to Microsoft Word/Excel Using DDE	Dana Rafiee	Dynamic Data Exchange is a means of transferring data between different Windows applications such as the SAS System and Microsoft `EXCEL` or Microsoft Word. The technique uses what is known as a Client / Server type relationship, where the Client application makes the requests and the Server application responds accordingly. When using DDE with the SAS System, SAS is always the Client.	excel, data step, dataset, filename statement	15
18	Need More "Functionality"? Using the SAS Macro Languageto Create User-Written Functions	Peter J. Lund	The `DATA STEP` language component of the SAS System has always been rich in the variety functions available to the programmer. There are currently close to 200 functions available in the `DATA STEP`. In fact, the SAS Language Guide lists 14 different categories of functions. Even with all this at your fingertips, there are times when you can't fmd one to do just what you need. In many cases, the SAS macro language allows the wily programmer to overcome these occasional deficiencies and write a macro that looks and acts like a function. This paper demonstrates the use of the macro language to create a number of user-written functions. In addition, the use of macro autocall libraries and stored, compiled macros are also explored as a means for managing a growing library of user-written functions	macro facility, macro definition, substr function, macro variable, txt, character functions	8
19	New Directions in Documentations, Help, and Computer-based Training	Brenda Kalt, Gary Meek	With VelSion 7. the complete libralJl of SAS reference documentation wm be delivered online in HTML. In addition, the $AS help system and computer-based training will migrate to HTML as well. This paper accompanies a demonstration of $AS OnIineOoc'" for VelSion 7. ExampleS from $AS On/ineTutor for VelSion 7 and the $AS help system in HTML will also be shown. The demonstration wiD hig!!IifIht new features of the interlace for these products arid gwe tips for getting the most out of them at your site. Solutions@Worlf"'. a continuing series of CD-ROMs that focus on task-oliented usage information with downloadable examples, will be discussed briefly	catalog entry, date variable	4
20	ODS for Data Analysis: Output As-You-Like-It in Version 7	Christopher R. Olinger, Randall D. Tobias	`ODS` for Data Analysis: Output As-You-Like-It in Version 7 Christopher R. Olinger Randall D. Tobias SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC This paper discusses advances made in the output generated by all Version 7 SAS Software procedures. New features provided by the Output Delivery System (`ODS`) include automatic rendering of procedure output in HTMl for the web, rich-text, Postscript or PCl format, output data sets from any printed output, and the ability to edit the look and feel of most output. `ODS` also supports all legacy line-mode printing and supports a document feature to allow post-procedure replaying of output. This talk introduces `ODS` features to be delivered in Version 7 and provides some concrete examples of how data analysts and statisticians can take advantage of the feature set provided by `ODS`. Motivation Every SAS user knows and loves the listing file, the vehicle for all printed SAS output for more than two decades. While familiar, the listing file has its limitations		21
21	Parameter Evaluation and Statistical Validation of Transport Parameters in Porous Media	Mahesh A. Rege, David R. Mills, James N. Peterson, Yunwei Sun, David R. Yonge, Donald L. Johnstone, William A. Apel	The rational design and modeling of any process requires sound mathematical models and experimentally-based estimates of model parameters. Models which are good representations of the physical phenomena alleviate extensive experimentation, thus saving time and expense (Magbanua et al., 1998). Further, mathematical modeling is an extremely powerful tool for providing insight into the underlying mechanisms associated with complex process phenomena. In this paper, we first discuss some general classes of mathematical models. Next, we present the methods of parameter estimation and statistical validation. The application of these principles to develop and validate the parameters for a specific experimental system is then presented. The parameters in this modeling study represent those describing the flow through a one-dimensional reactor packed with porous beads.	data cleaning, goodness of fit, regression analysis, anova, estimate, model validation	9
22	Programming with Efficiency, Techniques for Large Sequential Datasets on a Multi-User System	David L. Wilson	Programmers who were trained with the classical mainframe programming languages (e.g. COBOL) do not always receive much training in using the SAS system to increase their productivity. Techniques that were developed for 3rd generation languages may not be the best way to code in the SAS language. This paper points out some common programming structures encountered while debugging SAS code, and demonstrates the efficiency gains that could be realized by using more efficient structures. Making your programs more efficient can increase your productivity, especially when working with large files with over 1 million records on batch processing systems. Efficiency will be measured in CPU seconds, since this is a common way of charging back computer time to departments. Since this paper is based upon coding techniques, a sample project will be described and the code to complete the project will be presented.	input statement, cpu time	4
23	Recent Enhancements and New Directions in SAS/STAT Software, Part I: Updates	Maura E. Stokes, Robert N. Rodriguez	Version 7 of the SAS· System brings major enhancements to the statistical software. All output is now handled by !he Output Delivery System, which gives the user control over !he printing 01 the results, allows all tables and statistics to be output to SAS data sets, and produces web-browsable HTMl outpuL New procedures provide tools lor partial least squares analysis and spatial prediction. The `GENMOD` procedure now provides LSMEANS and ESTIMATE state ments, and Its GEE facility provides the alternating logistic regression algorithm, produces Wald and score tests for model effects, and handles the ordinal response case. Ad ditional exact tests have been added to several procedures, and even !he `TTEST` procedure has been updated. In addition to procedures for survey design and analysis, Version 7 also'introduces experimental procedures for non parametric density estimation and nonparamelric regres sion, as discussed in Part II of this paper		10
24	Recent Enhancements and New Directions in SAS/STAT Software, Part II: Nonparameteric	Robert N. Rodriguez, Maura E. Stokes	Part II of this paper describes new SAS procedures for nonparametric density estimation and nonparametric regression, two of the new directions in which statistical software is being developed for Version 7. These procedures are preliminary steps toward comprehensive support for modern nonparametric data analysis methods within the SAS System. It is anticipated that the coverage described here will expand to include a variety of other important methods. Some of the techniques provided by the new procedures are also being implemented as functions in `SAS/IML` software and with interactive graphics in `SAS/INSIGHT` software. The SUGI23 Proceedings paper by Cohen et al. (1998) describes parallel development in `SAS/INSIGHT` software. The sections that follow discuss the scope of the new procedures and illustrate their use with basic examples. The procedures will be available as experimental software with the initial release of Version 7, and updated information will be provided on the Institute's Research and Development Web site at http://www.sas.com/rnd/. Complete documentation of syntax and computational details will be provided in a technical report.		9
25	Stepwise Anything: Reading in Regression Procedure Output for Further Testing	Ted Clay, Linda Remy	A class of standardized macros is presented for reading in SAS procedure output. These tools are used by higher level macros to accomplish the following tasks: (I) Archiving numerous regression models, (2) Bootstrapping, (3) Testing for interaction between groups of dummy variables, (4) Running any regression procedure stepwise by examining p-values, and (5) Running procs LOGISTIC and four others stepwise using groups of variables entered together, which is a feature only ofPROC REG	proc step, regression analysis, proc logistic, logistic distribution, sample, binary variable, predictor variable, likelihood function, proc reg, bootstrap, proc glm, proc genmod, out=, proc printto, stepwise selection, degrees of freedom, response variable, in=, sas output	10
26	TABULATE Footnote Tricks	Lauren E. Haworth	Everyone knows how to display a footnote at the bottom of your SAS output, but there's a lot more that you can do with footnotes than that. This paper will show two footnoting tricks you can use with `PROC TABULATE`. The first trick puts asterisks in a TABULATE table cell that reference a footnote below. The second trick shows how to use a footnote to report statistical results for a TABULATE table.	proc step, macro variable, proc freq	2
27	Tapping the Power of PROC TABULATE for Analysis Reports Clients Understand	Edward Jensen	The reporting capabilities ofPROC TABULATE are very powerful. In just a few lines of code, a very detailed analysis can be reported. Knowing how to tap into the power of `PROC TABULATE` begins with an understanding of the fundamental structure of a TABLE command. From that basis, more detailed reports can be presented. This paper follows that	class variable, proc tabulate, proc step, missing value, group by, order by	10
28	Teaching SAS in Business School - A Case Study	Teresa Ling, Mary Rivers	In this paper, we present our experiences with using SAS as a standard package for teaching statistics in the Albers School of Business and Economics at Seattle University. The paper discusses the rationale for selecting SAS, the difficulties we encountered in the classroom, and how we addressed the problems that the teaching staff as well the students encountered in using SAS. An Introduction to Business Statistics has been a required course in the Albers School, since the inception of the business program more than fifty years ago. For several years in the 1980's, MINITAB was the required statistical package. In 1993 the business curriculum was revised and a second quantitative methods course was added. The content of this second course focused on the general linear regression model and analysis of variance. At this time, a review of the standard statistical package was also undertaken.	excel, regression analysis	3
29	The Challenges of GUI Testing	Dawn Amos	The SAS GUI evolved from our classic ASCII and 3270-terminal text interface of the 1980's, our early Display Manager System or DMS. In those days, UNIX and the Macintosh offered the GUI vision of the future. But with snap-together GUI application builders such as VisualBasic and JavaBeans still a decade away, vendors of large applications were obliged to develop their own user interfaces. Additionally, at SAS Institute we have generally preferred to create our own infrastructure rather than rely on outside vendors. For example, when we converted to using C code to develop our products, it also made sense to write and sell our own C compilers. This provided us with crucial control over the reliability and features we needed in the compilers. For the user interface, this approach meant that we developed a cornucopia of home-grown visual controls, widgets, decorations, and actions. As time went on, these visuals were augmented by new ones provided by each operating system as it became more GUI-oriented - standard pop-ups, dialogs, menu layouts, and so on. More recent complications include the advent of HTML and Web documents, Java, and thin clients. To some degree we have converted to utilizing these native controls, and we have many exciting Web and Java projects under way, but at this stage of the game we have quite a mosaic (if you'll pardon the UNIX pun) of visuals at the basis of the SAS GUI.		7
30	The Science and Art of Market Segmentation Using PROC FASTCLUS	Mark E. Thompson	Effective business development strategies often begin with market segmentation, which involves the grouping of customers and non-customers with similar characteristics. Segmentation is useful to the extent that customers within a segment have similar purchasing behavior andlor profitability that differs from customers in other segments. Many companies segment their markets and customers using a matrix approach that groups customers along two dimensions, sales and SIC code, for example. This paper describes the procedures for developing a multi-dimensional market segmentation strategy using the `FASTCLUS` procedure in SASlSTA~ software. Data set development, data cleaning, user supplied parameters and cluster interpretation are examined using an example data set of over 60,000 businesses in California. Emphasis is placed on the blend of subjective decisions required with the development of market segments using statistical algorithms	proc step, customer segmentation, proc fastclus, standard deviation, nominal variable, numeric variable, interval variable, euclidean distance, outlier	6
31	Thin Client for the Windows Platform - "Jazz Front"	Carol Williams Rigsbee, Kelly Kral	"Jazz Front" is the code name for a new Windows Thin Client that is available with the Nashville release. "Jazz Front" provides a point and click, code based user interface to all the Version 7 SAS@ System servers. "Jazz Front" provides transparent data access to both SAS and non-SAS data. interactive dialogs that lead you through dozens of analytical and· reporting tasks, the ability to export	excel, where statement	5
32	Use a Format in a Subsetting IF	William Kreuter	The base language's IN operator was a welcome addition a few years ago, but it lacks versatility because individual elements must be separately specified. Thus, a logical comparison formed from an inclusive range or ranges of values plus some individual values can still be cumbersome to write.	subsetting if, proc format	1
33	Using Macros to Maintain Program Flexibility and Integrity When Accessing Very Large Datafiles	Edward Jensen	When writing programs to analyze large datafiles great care must be given to program flow and the accuracy of the procedure otherwise, considerable time is lost in reruns. Macros provide an excellent way to control the program flow and make last minute modifications feasible by allowing changes to be accurately reflected in all relevant areas. This paper will present the use of macros from creating the macro environment with appropriate system options and the Autocall Facility through making the macros flexible with use of both local and global macro variables as well as macro program statements. Various techniques for managing variable lists, standardizing procedures, saving selected macros in autocall h"braries, self documenting one time changes, and debugging techniques will be demonstrated. Sample standard macros that have been found useful will be shown	variable list, macro variable, macro definition, %if-%then-%else, macro loop, macro call, sample, macro parameter, %macro parameters, macro function	8
34	Using PROC EXPAND with Time Series Data	Andrew H. Karp	`PROC EXPAND` performs important operations on time series contained in SAS System data sets. Among the key functionalities of this procedure, found in the Econometrics and Time Series (ETS) module of the SAS System for Information Delivery, are: conversion of observations from one sampling frequency to another; interpolation of missing values in a time series; changing the attributes of a time series observation. `PROC EXPAND` creates an output SAS data set. It does not create printed output.	proc step, proc freq, time series analysis, missing value, dataset, sysdate9, sample, time variable, date variable	4
35	Version 7 SAS/AF Software - The New Component Technology	Glen R. Walker, Tammy L. Gagliano	The Version 7 class Ilblary has expanded to include many new components that are already enabled to perform complex tasks suches atIIIbute linking drag and drop .* modeIMew all with no programming effort on Iha part of the user. They are virtually plug-and-pIay! ThIs is possible because they were designed to tully exploit the SAS Component Object ModeJ (SCOM) Architecture. 800M offers a flexible application framework that improves component davaJopmant and oonvnunlcallan. In this paper we \WI dafine what a component Is and hOw you can build appIlcatioII$ which utilize the new techniques for flSlablishing communlcallan between components	catalog entry, data cleaning	5
36	When %if-%then or if-then Should be Used in SAS MACRO	Minghui Yang	Many SAS MACRO users have found that they can use 'if-then' to replace '%if-%then' in their SAS MACRO programs. The SAS user manual 'SAS Guide to Macro Processing' did not show the difference clearly, so some people wonder when '%if-%then' should be used in their MACRO programs. It is TRUE that in some cases, either 'if-then' or '%if-%then' works. But they are different.	%if-%then-%else, macro variable, macro loop, macro definition	2
37	Working with SAS Date and Time Funcitons	Andrew H. Karp	Many SAS applications require that operations be performed on data collected in the time domain. Among these types of operations are: determining the frequency that a phenomenon of interest occurs in time; determining the a time interval which has elapsed between two phenomena (e.g., length of stay between admission and discharge from the hospital); conditional operations on observations in a SAS data set based on date and/or time values (e.g., select from a SAS data set only those observations which occurred after a particular point in time); aggregation of observations from one time frequency to another (e.g., daily to monthly); interpolation (i.e., estimation) of lower frequency observations from data collected at a higher frequency (e.g., estimating monthly values from data collected quarterly);	sysdate9, datetime variable, date variable, datepart, time variable, raw data, numeric variable, dataset, proc freq, proc step, datetime, time series analysis, if-then-else, time, subsetting if	8
38	Your BASE Dollars at Work	SAS Institute (a company)	The BASE procedures group (a.k.a. Information Products) at SAS Institute has been hard at work adding new and useful features to the heart of the SAS System. This talk describes this work and uses generic "business oriented" examples to place these features in a context that demonstrates their use in everyday programming. Covered are: General additions to SAS Software that should make the programmers life an easier one. New SUMMARY/TABULATE options like percentiles, independent ordering of class variables, and the pre loading of the class-variable space using formats and/or a data sets of desired class level values. The `ODS` statement for producing output data sets and HTML output from all SAS procedures, High Fidelity Printing and more. `ODS` is an acronym for Output Delivery System. `ODS` specific additions to `PROC REPORT`, `PROC TABULATE` and the `SAS/GRAPH` Procedures.		10

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