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SESUG 1995 Papers - Index

76 papers. Source: SESUG (SouthEast SAS Users Group) conference proceedings.

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1 "Using the SAS System When Transitioning to a New Windows Workstation" Orion V. Hanger When traDsitioniDg from one Windows workstation to another, the author found it VCIy useful to write a SAS program to read PC hard drive directory listings for both machines. With this data, it was possible to compare files and directories to identify those that should be moved to the new machine and those that should not be overwritten there (preinstalled software, newer release of the operating system, etc.). This paper presents the basic operations and code created to do this and shows how the SAS System of Software for Windows can be useful for general PC based bard disk file/directory analysis proc step, proc means 2
2 A Taste of SQL Paul Kent This paper provides an overview of Structured Query Language (SQL), and its implementation in Version 6 of the SAS System. I bave tried to keep it focused on items where SQL is especially helpful to a programmer that already knows the "traditional SAS" way of doing things. The History of SQL The "Relational Data Model", proposed by Codd (CODD70) represents data in tables. The SAS data set concept blends very nicely with !he concept of a table in the relational data model Both bave colunms(varlables) and rows(observations). SAS data sets are a little more liberal than true relational model tables - they allow duplicate rows, and bave an inherent ordering. Nevertheless, there are sttong enough parallels between the two to make SQL a useful language for accessing SAS data sets. The tenns database table and SAS data set are interchangeable in the context of this paper. SQL is a language for accessing and manipulating data stored in tables proc sql 5
3 Advanced Tutorials Data About Data: An Introduction to Dictionary Tables Frank C. Dilorio out=, dictionary tables, proc sql, proc step, dataset, options statement, proc contents, macro variable, proc print 7
4 An Alternative Method of Transposing Data without the TRANSPOSE Procedure Sunil Kumar Gupta While the PROC TRANSPOSE procedure may be flexible enough to generate a variety of report fonnats, it may not be appropriate if the user requests a custom report. In addition, for some cases, it may not be possible to successfully apply the TRANSPOSE procedure to obtain the desired output. A technique is presented that will provide the user with more control on the number and order of the columns generated, enable new colWllIls to be created, and allow for transposing of several variables from different data files. The features of the two methods are compared and discussed proc transpose, proc step 3
5 An Introduction to UNIX Shell Programming and the SAS System Gregory S. Barnes Nelson,
Glenn Leavell		 UNIX is a powerful operating system which has developed into one of the most versatile computing environments. By virtue of it's power, tlex1bility and openness, the UNIX operating system and it's variants have at their disposal a variety of advantages for the SAS programmerl developer. This paper will focus on one particular aspect of the UNIX environment which enables SAS programs to capture information passed along by the operating system: the UNIX shell. The goal of this paper is not to teach you UNIX or how to write sophisticated shell programs. Instead, we aim to give you a general understanding of shells, shell programming, and other shell concepts, and to show you how you can take advantage of them when using SAS in a UNIX environment. Part I of this paper deals exclusively with shells and shell concepts. Part II talks specifically about how you can use those concepts when programming in SAS 13
6 Applications Development Aftab S. Hassan This paper highlights efficient use of SAS· time variant procedures to create temporal data charts. SAS data files can be constanUy updatad for tracking of skills improvement in students going throUgh special programs. SAS reports can also be used to bener~ self·managed leamers who want to track their progress in certain areas. e.g., problem solving and critical thinking Skills in the health professions problem solving, proc freq 7
7 Applications Development Building Quality into the SAS System Frank Lassiter Developing quality software systems requires building quality into each step of the software development process. This begins with customer driven design and development which is implemented by qualified personnel. Testing is initiated early in the development cycle and follows the software throughout the development life cycle. A formal validation process involving test planning, development, execution and documentation is required prior to release. After release, support needs to be provided in areas such as technical support, documentation and training. This talk describes the process of building quality into the SAS System, with a focus on the testing and validation process data cleaning, missing value, quality assurance, customer satisfaction, regression analysis 5
8 Applications Development Developing Applications with The SAse System Juli Staub Peny The desktop has become an important arena for the generation of key applications in many enterprises. It is also the playground for the most innovative technologies for applications available in the industry. This presentation will demonstrate the methodologies that SAS software uses that allow you to take advantage of graphical user Interfaces (GUll and the features of Object-oriented (00) rapid applications development. You will be introduced to the applications development tools, SASlEIS- and SASlAF software. Included In the discussion will be a comparison of these two tools and how you can use each to develop applications either independently or in combination with one anOther. Also included is a behind the scenes look at SCL driven SASIAF FRAME Entries 10
9 Applications Development DOES PROGRAM EFFICIENCY REALLY MATTER ANYMORE? Sigurd W. Hermansen dataset, proc freq, proc sql, proc step, data merging 10
10 Applications Development Exploring Inventory Models with SAS/Af' software FRAME Entry William H. Crouch,
Old Dominion		 When considering the optimal inventory to keep in stock, managers are faced two conflicting objectives. Sufficient inventories must be maintained to meet the demand for goods, while simultaneously keeping the inventory holding cost incurred at the lowest possible level. Various quantitative models have been developed to assist managers in determining when and in what quantity to order replacement stock. Of these models, the deterministic and the probabilistic are the most common. This paper will demonstrate how SASI Af software FRAME can be used to develop an interactive application that can be utilized to illustrate the salient features of these two models probability distribution, deterministic model 5
11 Applications Development SAS/EIS-: SPRINTing to the Rescue SPRINT INTERNATIONAL Global Voice Engineering Executive Information System Jay Jacob Wind 'Ibis paper descnbes our adventures installing a multi-featured SAS Executive Informa1ion System (EIS) for SPRINT INTERNATIONAL Global Voice Engineering. We cover the capabilities and limitations of SASIEIS and demonstrate graphical examples. SPRlNT IN1ERNATIONAL handles mj!!jons of international phone calls each month from countries such as Australia, France, Gennany, New Zealand, and United Kingdom (UK), to more than 200 countries including the U.S. As SPRlNT IN1ERNATIONAL expands, it continuously aims to improve its worldwide service. To traek and summarize call set-up time, holding, and duration, we installed a powerlUl Executive Infonnation System (EIS) using SASIEIS for W'mdows on a Dell Pentium desktop computer. The EIS takes advantage of many SAS/EIS capabilities. To use those capabilities, however, we bad to overcome numerous EISIimitations macro variable, vertical bar chart 7
12 Applications Development The Philotic Connection: The Health Data Analysis System An Adhoc Reporting System Authors: Charlie Sastnage! & Kevin Gates Charlie Bastnagel,
Kevin Gates		 I The Health Data Analysis System is a SAS! AP PC application designed to allow users to analyze, manipulate, and produce output(reports and graphics) on data in various platfonns (OS2, Windows, MVS Mainframe, Red Brick Relational Database, and OB2). HealthSource Provident, a managed care insurance company, made a strategic decision to begin using SAS so that they could analyze their health care claims on a larger and more accurate scale. We bad data in IMS, MVS Ob2 tables, MVS SAS, OS2 SAS, and Wmdows SAS, but our 4S health data analysts bad no SAS experience. The question was: How could we give them the benefits of SAS data analysis without changing them from health data analysts to programmers (which they did not want to become)? I proc sql, numeric variable, proc step, group by, dataset, excel 10
13 Beginning Tutorials "F-WORDs" for More Productive SAS@ DATA Step Programming Bill Calvert Do you find your-self using "F-WORDs" when you have to write SAS DATA STEP programs? Ifnot, maybe you should expand your vocabulary and/or improve your programming skill. Some common problems you may have encountered in the DATA STEP are described with the appropriate "F-WORD" to apply *. Specific examples are presented with concomitant filename statement, proc step, sample 4
14 Beginning Tutorials Formats: A Beginner's Tutorial Richard D. Langston This IUtarIaI wiU introduce lIIe beginning user of lIIe SASe System 10 lIle concept of formats. Several Institute-supplied formats will be described so Ihat Ihe user can better understand Ihe concepl Then, PROC FORMAT will be InlrOctuoed as 1he melhod by which Ihe user can produce custom formats. Various features 01 PROC FORMAT are discussed, including ranges, exdusion ranges, LOWIHIGHIOTHER, informalS, PICTURE, and Ihe CNTUN- dala set. INTRODucnoN For lIlY value Ihat you wish to print when uslng1he SAS System, you will use a formal A format is simply a method for converting data from one representation to anoIher. There are many standard formats 1hat are supplied as part 0I1he 8AS System, and you can extend Ihat 1st by Claating your own custom formats. In lIlis IUtarIaI, you will learn lIle basics about how Ihe SAS System uses fonnats to produce useful output. You will see severailnstillJt8.sUpplied formats used as examples proc format, proc step, date variable 4
15 Beginning Tutorials GETTING SUBTOTALS AND PERCENTGES IT'S NEVER BEEN SO EASY Christopher Toppe Getting subtotals and percentages onto a database has always been one of the curses of working with SAS data. The most common techniques are neither easy to conceptualize nor easy to program. Sorting your data and using FIRST. and LAST. variables is perhaps the standard brute·force programming methodology that we all have learned to use and come to hate. Using PROC MEANS (or PROC proc sql, group by, proc step, by group processing, proc means, create table, sas base, dataset 6
16 Beginning Tutorials PROC REPORT She Wrote - Taking the Mystery Out of Batch Report Writing Debbie Hoppe,
John Alden		 proc step, proc print, proc report 8
17 But, It Runs Grace J. Lossman Time after time in both industry and ·academia, SAS programmers claim exemption from the rules of computer science. They claim justification for this because * .I'm just a SAS programmer!," or ** because I've had no formal training.' These fallacies and others will be examined in this paper. This overview will be a if-then-else, proc step, data step, missing value 6
18 Code Review of A Macro from Observations H. Ian Whitlock set statement, cpu time 2
19 Coders' Comer DATE Intervals - The INTCK Function Debbie Hoppe,
John Alden		 datepart, elapsed time 2
20 Coders' Comer Using SAS/CONNECT to Distribute Data to a LAN File Server,
Harmon L. Jolley		 Most large organizations have a wealth of data stored in mainframe data bases. The evolution of local area networks and file servers has brought about the need to distn'butc main1iamc data, yet also to keep the data current and secure. This paper will show how that SAS/CONNECR and APPC can be used to accomplish this. The Application We have promoted the use of the Query Window of SASlASSIST as a way for data analysts to do act hoc queries of mainfIame DB2 data. 'Ibis is done in a c1ientIserver fashion by using SAS/ACCESS DB2I2 and mM's DDCS gateway to DBl. The current version of the Qucty Window provides an option to recluce network ttamc that is caused by having to download. data 1iom the DB2 system cata10g such as table and column lWlleS. It provides the abili1y to use "mirror" tables: local SAS datasets which contain information from the DBl catalog tables. and which is quickly available to the Query Wmdow's list boxes dataset, sas base 5
21 CustomReports 2.0 - A Reporting System Maureen Lowe,
Lonna Williams		 Custom Reports 2.0 Is a SAS/AFE PC application providing a ·polnt-and-click; user-friendly, graphical Interface for medical claims data analysis and reporting and Is considered the ·second generation" of a reporting syste~ developed in-house by Healthsource Provident personnel. CustomReports 2.0 provides standard reports with pre-defined formats, and also allows within the application Itself the use of SAS/ASSIST e software for ad-hoc reporting and statistical analysis. The system enables a remote user to 'slgn-on" to Healthsource Provident's mainframe and extract data from the claims historical database, allowing them access . to data, reporting and analysis using the application locally proc step, proc report 3
22 Designing a USABLE Application: User Interfaces and Usability Testing Jason Thomas The increased availability of graphical user interface (GUI) tools for application development catis lor techniques to ensure that the applications are USABLE, and not just pretty or fancy. GUI tools. such as !hose available In sMl' application development using SAS/FS~ and SASiAr:-software with FRAME. heve been created to develop baltar user Interfaces lor appHcations. ThIs papar presents techniques and principles to aid the application deVeloper In designing a usable Interface. What Is an Interface? 'To the users. the interface is the system' [Hix & Hartson 1993]. An Interface Is a means by which a person interacts with something to perform a desired function. We encounter such interfaces repeatedly In our day-to-day fives. For example. your telephone. your television remote control. your car stereo controls, your keyboard. and the buttons In an elevator are all Interfaces that you encounter daily. Interfaces are evolutionary beasts, where surviVal of the fittest reigns error message, proc freq 7
23 Designing Clinical SAS Service Request Forms Sunil Kumar Gupta SAS programmers often have the responsibility of supporting the reporting requirements of the Clinical Affairs Department of Pharmaceutical Companies. This involves interacting with department members to define the report. The SAS programmer's task is to understand the request and to design the program to achieve the desired outcome. This is often the most difficult part of the requesL A SAS Service Request Form should be develaped to meet the needs of the department and reflect the type of information available for reporting. The form should be organized to guide the customer through a series of questions. Sections on the form should include who the request is from and the required date, the description of the SAS request with the pmpose listed, the selection criteria to identitY the population and time period of the report, and the format and organization of the report along with the method of output desired. Finally, the SAS programmer should log the completion date and time sas programmer, clinical trial 3
24 Developing Custom Training Solutions Chip Rhodes,
Claire McCullough		 A well-developed training program is essential for users to gain the skills they need to maximize the full power of the SAge System. Recognizing the diversity of users and their training needs, SAS Institute offers a broad curriculum of training spanning several media: sell-paced SASlTUTO~ onHne training software, video-based courses and tutorials, and Instructor-based training. There are obvious advantages to a training program utilizing multiple media. Formats can be effectively mixed and matched to allow users to meet their personal training needs. Cost-effective training mixes can also help you stretch your training dollars. Examples of mixed media solutions to training needs are presented for consideration. Efficient use of the SAS System is the common denominator for all organizations seeking training. but each organization has unique elements of operation. Because there Is no universal training solution 6
25 Extended Uses of the CONTENTS Procedure Steven A. Wright The CONTENTS procedure Is a versatile tool containing a large amount of valuable information. When employed as the foundation of programs designed to build more complex tools, its utility becomes even more obvious. I WIll be considering three different variations. In the first example, I will show that it is easy to construct a simple data dictionary by combining the CONTENTS output from several data files. Organizing Information in this way makes it simpler to spot database structure problems. The second Ulustratlon wiD demonstrate how you could modify existing variable formats using Information from CONTENTS. Data files created by other users sometimes contain unwanted default formats. These can be removed whOe maintaining other valuable formats. Finally, I will show that the information from CONTENTS can be used to control macros designed to run prints or summary statistics on aU or part of the files contained in a directory proc step, proc contents, out=, data dictionary, proc means, dataset, character variable 5
26 Formats: An Advanced Tutorial Richard D. Langston This tu1crial discusses several advan<:ed features of format processing that can be of interest even to knowledgable users of the SAS System". Items covered Include: using formats as labels, cn1Iout and endin data sets, gaining efficiency with the Ihe NOTSORTED option, using a format as an aJternative to sorting large data sels, and comparing V5 and V6 formats. INTRODucnON The FORMAT pro<:edure Is a powerful tool for building customized formats to handle adVanced PROC:essJng needs. In Ihls tutorial, we OISOUSS some of the newer features of the FORMAT pro<:edure that may not be knoWn even to advan<:ed users proc format, proc step 4
27 Frame Your View of Data with the SQL Procedure Kirk Paul Lafler proc sql, order by, select, group by, proc step 4
28 From MVS to UNIX: A SAS/AF Migration Tool Philip James Busby This paper is intended for application developers who want to provide users with an easy and intuitive interface for deleting, browsing, and moving many different kinds of files from an mMmainframe to the UNIX environment The system described, called the TERMINATOR is a SAS/ AF application. It presents mM TSO users with a list of all of their files (or subset if specified) and as much helpful information as can be obtained from the operating system about each file. The user indicates an action for each me (delete, browse, or move) and when the user says "Go!" the TERMINATOR springs into action sas library, infile statement 7
29 Gaining Efficiency With SAS Software Kirk Paul Lafler With the ever increasing popularity ofSAS· Software among programmers and users, guidelines for its efficient use become increasingly important. This paper presents a collection of techniques for gaining efficiency when using SAS Software. Areas deserving special consideration include program execution, I/O, disk space as well as an often overlooked item known as program maintenance. Sample code is presented to illustrate numerous practical techniques as to why some proc sql, cpu time, dataset, drop statement 6
30 Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC Andrew H. Karp logistic distribution, logistic regression, predictor variable, regression analysis, proc step, proc logistic, response variable, odds ratio, proc reg, estimate, confidence interval, null hypothesis, data science, proc genmod 5
31 Host Sustems Paul L. Marsh options statement, pdv 4
32 Host Systems Remote and Open Access to Enterprise Data Jack Wallace,
Michael D. Jones		 Access to data from the SASe System Is constan1Iy being expanded end enhanced: Transparent access to remote data Is now available when the local end remote machines have different architectures. And another new feature opens access to SAS data to eppHcatlons that utilize the ODBC API, such as Microsoft WOrd. These new features ere built on a modular system architecture that often provides more than one way to accompHsh a given distributed data access task. To choose tha best method. It Is advantageous to understand the processing performed by the components of Multiple engine An:hltecture. Future enhancements for remote end open data access are also dependent on this architecture. This paper Introduces the new features but concentrates on the architecture and Ifs Implementation. If you simply want to know how to use the features, reed the introduction and selected references at the end of this paper where statement, dataset, proc sql, select, by group processing 10
33 Host Systems SAS to .dbfby Way ofMVS Robert F. Davis Database applications such as dBaseIVI5 and FOXPR0 15 require that a data structure be defined before the actual data can be input. DownlQading data from the mainframe computer (lBM15 3090) in a flat file does not provide this data structure. The Macro "SASTODBF' described in this paper creates the data structure and the data in one tile, ready for use by these applications. The Macro SASTODBF takes as its input an SAS data set and produces a binary output tile corresponding to a PC .dbf file. The SAS data set can be created from existing SAS data or from external flat files such as ADRI5 DATAQUERy\5 export files. This solves the problem of getting data from the mainframe computer into a PC database application in a timely manner date variable, data step 5
34 Information Visualization Visual Simulation This paper describes techniques that have been used to simulate fabric using SASIGRAPH software. The methods can be used to visualize real yarn data, or to visually simulate the effects of various random distributions of yarn or fiber properties on the fabric. The examples are generalized versions of code developed at North Carolina State University College of Textiles for research projects under the direction of Dr. Moon W. Suh macro variable, proc step, proc greplay 9
35 Information Visualization Ali Dogrusoz,
Nitin S. Patel,
Ronald E. Stogner		 The sheer volume of da1a now confronting the scientist or analyst has grown to a point where traditional tools have been rendered obsolete. To glean subtle trends that might be hidden in the mass of multivariate data demands the usage of new tools designed to handle these sitUations. This paper w1ll descnbe the functionality of SASISPECTRAVIEW'" software and how It can be used for visualization of data. This paper wiD also discuss new possibilities in three dimensional visualization and interaction with data using VlSualSpece ..... software interest rate, sample, data science 4
36 Information Visualization David Mintz,
Terence Fitz-Simons,
Michelle Wayland		 Tracking and interpreting ambient air quality trends are the main functions of the Air Quality Trends Analysis Group at EPA. SAS/GRAPH is instrumental in this process, allowing us to study trends using several graphing techniques. This paper discusses graphics we have generated using combinations of the GMAP, GCHART, and GPLOT procedures. We will show how these graphics help us to discover, and to some extent explain, geographical, seasonal, and temporal patterns in the data box plot, bar chart 6
37 Information Visualization Data Driven Plots In Clinical Research... What Next? George A. Nestory Analyzing the effect a drug has on an effICaCy variable (e.g. liver function or blood parameter leveQ is one of the key components in the design of a drug study. Reporting the response to treatment a drug has on this variable over time is an important factor in the evaluation of a clinical trial. A basic XN plot of the values with respect to time is an effective way to represent this data. Without much effort, text, labels, legends, and other 'bells and whistles' can increase the usefulness of an XN plot. This paper demonstrates how to manipulate the data with the use of annotate options and macros, satisfying the whims of our graphics-loving clinical brethren outlier, proc gplot, class variable 6
38 Information Visualization Hacros, Annotate and BAS Graph the Basy Way Michael Keohan,
E. Hanover		 Analyzing mUlti-center clinical trials data can require combining a variety of statistics onto one graph. For example, a piot of the mean percent change from baseline by treatment is more meaningful if the standard error of the mean (SEM) and N are included on the plot. This paper demonstrates how to design code to make this process easy. Using the annotate facility, passing GLM statistics to SAS graph and writing generic code to be used across several anaiysis variables are some of the topics discussed. Assumptions You have a series of SAS data sets which contain clinical trials information. For illustration purposes, let us assume the data sets which you are gOing to process have the variables: visit, center, trt and avar (analysis variable measured in % change from baseline). The data sets can contain analysis variables ranging from lab tests to a primary efficacy variable, which are measured as percent change from baseline change from baseline, macro variable, proc genmod, proc step, clinical trial, macro definition 8
39 Information Visualization Multimedia In SAse Applications Ken Ellis This paper describes the multimedia offerings 1hat will be available with Release 6.11 of 1I1e SAS System. The first section of 1I1e paper describes the SASlAr:- Video Player Class. The Video Player Class allows users to embed digital video and audio directly within FRAME based applications. A detailed first look at 1he Video Player Class me1l1ods Is Included In this section. The next section of 1I1e paper describes the Video editor found In 1I1e SAS/GRAP~ Video Extensions. The Video Ed'rtor allows users to edit multiple vIdeO and audio clips In a non·Onear domain. A basic understanding of SASIAF and Screen Control Language (SCL) is assumed In the programming examples. The reader should also be familiar with 1I1e basic conceplS of digital video and audio. However, the paper introduces key topics Including 1I1e supported vIdeO fonnats, non-iinear ed"lIIng, end compositing sas base, file statement 4
40 Information Visualization STATISTICAL GRAPmCS David A. Dickey Some graphs that eonVII)' infonnation of statistica1 interscst &III displayed and discussed. The logic of their construction is also discussed proc step, proc reg, regression analysis, estimate 6
41 Intraclass Correlation Reliability Estimation Using the GLM and MIXED Procedures Maribeth H. Johnson Intraclass correlation (ICC) reliability is used to assess the magnitude of measurement free from error found when using repeated measurements on indMduals with the same or comparable instruments. For balanced data, ICC is defined as the ratio of mean covariances to mean variances. The estimation of the components of variation is therefore important to the estimation of reliability. This paper compares the variance component estimates obtained from the GLM and MIXED procedures of SAS/STAT on two sets of data, one of which has missing data. ICC reliabilities based on the variance component estimates are also shown correlation, covariance, proc genmod, proc step, proc mixed, sample, estimate, anova, sample size 5
42 It'S Not a Bug, It's a Feature!! Neil H. Howard [ ... Overheard at an interview for a SAS programming position: "But you don't have to test SAS III" ] programs ...... . As the interviewers quickly escort the confused candidate out the door, they recall how often it is . assumed that a fourth generation language "does so much for you" that you don't have to test the code. The SAS system is easy to use, and the Iearning curve to productivity is relatively short. But SAS is just as easy to ABUSE. Programmers and analysts must not lose sight of the indisputable facts: data is seldom clean, logic is too often faulty, and fingers walk clumsily over keyboards. Condition codes are not an accurate indicator of successful programs. There are traditional methodologies for preventative pest control, but there is no PROC TEST-MY CODE or TEST-MY-CONCEPT or READ-MY MIND. The SAS system offers a vvide variety of features for dealing with syntax, logic, and data errors sas programming, proc step 9
43 LAGging Questions Debbie Hoppe,
John Alden		 lag function, missing value, proc print, proc step 2
44 Managing Large Databases Using SAS and Oracle Ronald W. Matheny This paper discusses the principles 01 database management through the use 01 SAS/ASSIST to develop SAS/ACCESS code to interface with ORACLE. It examines how EPA is beginning to use the SAS interface to ORACLE to invoke Interactive and batch pro cessing lor data entry. editing, updating, automatic report genera tion, and custom report generation functions. SASlACCESS is used to efficienlly stOle the data In ORACLE. using about a third of the memory that $AS databases requile and the code is written mostly through SAS/ASSIST. Customized "Views· 818 developed using PROC SQL with PROCIACCESS and SAS/ASSIST to effi cienlly manage extraction of the data from the ORACLE database into SAS for a variety of purposes, spec:iflC8lly database manage ment and statisticaVgraphicai analysis proc step, oracle, select, dataset, sample, proc sql 6
45 MultiVendor Architecture - Supporting Feature Rich Platforms with a Uniformly Architected System Mark W. Cates Multivendor Architecture (MY A TN) is the foundation of the cross-platfonn portability and interoperability of the SAS System, Version 6. This architecture provides customers with hardware independence and a flexible implementation. In 1993 alone, the Institute's MY A strategy delivered'the SAS System on an unprecedented thirteen operating systems. However, with continued divergent development of operating system software in areas such as the graphical user interface, graphic and print driver managers, hypenext viewers, edilors. and other services that are integral to the operating system, users are faced with a dilemma: They can develop well integrated applications on individual operating systems, or concentrate on applicalions that are less weD integrated into specific platfonns. but pon easily and unifonnly to many operating environments proc sql, data step 7
46 New Age Marketing: Past Life Regression versus Logistic Regression C. Olivia Parr Rud We don't need to examine your past lives to determine your likelihood to buy an insurance policy from us. The ability to identify and measure certain characteristics about your current incarnation will allow us to measure your propensity to purchase our products. Demographic features as well as financial and lifestyle characteristics can easily be modeled using PROC LOGISTIC to calculate your individual probability of purchase behavior logistic distribution, proc step, interval variable, regression analysis, logistic regression, predictor variable, response variable, proc logistic, data cleaning, nominal variable, binary variable, proc reg, proc freq, validation set, likelihood function 9
47 ODBC: Windows to the Outside World S. David Riba Until now ~ datasets have remained largely inaccessible to ~ software packages. This has led to requests such as "How do I get my SAS data Into Lotus 1-2-3, EXCEL, xBase. etc. "? WhDe the BAS' System allows many different ways of retrieving ~ data. users have had only a limited ability to directly share their SAS data with other, non-SAS, appHcatIons and databases. New to the SAS System for the Windows environment Is support for OOBC. OOBC, which stands for Open Data Base Connectivity. is a Microsoft standard to allow software packages that are compliant with the OOBC specification to exchange information. Through the use of an OOBC engine, compliant software packages such as Lotus 1-2-3. EXCEL, and Paradox can now extract information directly from SAS datasets. In addition. SAS software can now extract information diredly from ooec compliant data sources proc sql, excel 10
48 Point and Click Your Way through DB2 Data (or SAS Data or Oracle Data) M. Michelle Buchecker The Sal Query window is a point and click interface that enables you to easily access your data. As a component of SAS/ASSIST~ software, it provides a syntax·free way of writing code and producing reports. You can also create new SAS data sets, both SAS data files and SAS data views, to be used later. In this paper, working on a Microsoft Windows platform, you'll see how to join MVS OB2 tables without having to know the column names in advance. You'll also see how to create SAS data sets from the results and store those data on a Windows or MVS platform where statement, dataset, proc sql 5
49 Posters BUILDING AN INTERACTIVE DATABASE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM WITH $AS/API V6.OS AND PROC Sal Philip E. Friend proc step, proc tabulate, calendar year, macro variable, dataset, relational database 3
50 Posters The MODULE function in SAS 6.10: An OS/2 Experience Francis J. Kelley This paper presents an introduction to the use of the MODULE function. An overview of the function, as well as avaDable documentation is provided. A selection of program examples, including the C code used, module definition files, attribute tables and sample SASe programs are presented and discussed. Later examples buDd upon those presented earHer; though the sample code used is trivial, it serves to illustrate some uses of this new function sample, proc iml 10
51 Posters To FORMAT or MERGE . ... That Is The Question Caroline C. Bahler proc format, proc step, dataset, merge statement, set statement 6
52 Program Verification Made Easier: Templates and Toggle Switches M. Rita Thissen Program verification does not have to be tedious. even if the application is complex and undergoes recurrent modification. Many' computing groups build libraries of validated SASe programs and macros which can be adapted for use in new projects. Modifying these template programs may necessitate re verification and documentation. To make the process easier, build verification code into the templates and control its execution through use of a "toggle-switch" macro variable. When the macro variable is "on", the code executes; when it is switched to "off", the code is commented out. Toggled code may include any of the following: LIBNAME definitions for test data or output files, program lines which generate extra output for an audit trail, data subsetting. additional information written to the LOG file or use of system options such as MPRINT or SOURCE2. This technique macro variable, proc step, sas log, data cleaning 5
53 PRTRPT: A General Report Printing Method Philip James Busby dataset, if-then-else 5
54 SAS/OR Software - What is It? & What Can It Do? Douglas L. McAllaster This paper gives an overview of the project management and resource alloca tion capabilities of SlIS/OR. The paper gives examples of the types of opera tions research (OR) problems that BAS/OR can solve. These problems are found in management of complex projects and when making important decisions via math programming. IH'l'RODUCTION This paper answers these questions: 1. What is SAS/OR? 2. What types of problems can SAS/OR solve? 3. What project management problems can SAS/OR solve? 4. What math programming prob lems can SAS/OR solve? 1. SAS/OR is ** SAS/OR provides the capability to solve operations research problems. Opera tions research is concerned with making optimal usage of scarce resources, e.g., raw materials, manpower, time, and money. SlIS/OR is useful for (1) managing complex projects and for (2) allocating scarce resources (using math programming) proc step, dataset, sas programmer 4
55 SELECT ITEMS FROM PROC.SQL WHERE ITEMS > BASICS Alan Dickson,
Ray Pass		 proc sql, proc step, dataset, select, group by, by group processing, where statement, order by, create table, raw data 10
56 Selected Programming Problems from SAS-L H. Ian Whitlock create table, proc sql, proc step, order by 9
57 Strategies for Data-Driven, Customized Graphical Displays Richard W. Morris Some simple alternative approaches to producing multiple plots are outlined and illustrated by group processing, data visualization, proc step, sample, data step 6
58 Techniques for Optimizing Response Surfaces Randall D. Tobias Typically, the effects of various factors on certain characteristics of a process are studied, with an eye toward identifying those factors that significantly affect the process and selecting settings for these factors that optimize the process characteristics. The present regression analysis, contour plot 6
59 The ACCESS Procedure from a Batch Perspective George Matthews As an avid user of PROC DBF in the SAS· System for Pes, I was somewhat dismayed, when I Dligrated to siS' for Windows, that this procedure would no longer be available. Although SAS· Institute has since made this procedure available to licensed users of the SAS/ACCESS product, this paper takes a look at the benefits of utilizing the SAS/ ACCESS product to access PC File Formats in batch mode. The techniques for defining the access and view descriptors, for PC Files created with the following Wmdows· products: Microsoft EXCEL·, Paradox· ,and Borland Dbase·, will be examined. Also, the flexibility of the descriptor files in comparison to the previous methods of accessing PC Files will be discussed proc step, excel, variable 3
60 The Elements of SAS Programming Style Frank C. Dilorio,
Jean Cocteau		 Good programming habits help programmers write programs and systems which are readable, reso~fliclent, and robust. Just what constitutes "good,' however, is somewhat sUbjective. This paper presents one programmer's coUection of programming style guidelines. It emphasizes Base SAS, although many of the tips and techniqU8$ can be applied to other products such as SASlAF and SASlGraph. The paper should be read more as an illustration of preferred techniques than as a set of hard and fast programming rules proc step, if-then-else, missing value, macro variable, out=, raw data, proc sql, put statement, proc genmod 6
61 The Microsoft Word and SAS System for Windows Connection Orion V. Hanger When using the SAS System for Windows, it is some times desirable to write 8AS programs that interact with other Windows applications via DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange). This paper provides a concise disctlSsion of the basics for making the connection between SAS and Word, inc1uding how to invoke Word, read from Word, write to Word and send WordBasic commands to Word via a 8AS routine. With these capabilities, SAS code can be written that automates a Microsoft Word word pr0- cessing task (such as generating form letters containing data primarily managed within the 8AS environment). Note: This paper and it's examples were developed using 8AS release 6.08 and Microsoft Word 6.0 (the rules are a liUle different with prior releases of Word), filename statement, dataset 2
62 The Utter Simplicity of the TABULATE Procedure - The Sequel Daniel E. Bruns proc step, proc tabulate 6
63 Training in a World of Cost-Cutting and Downsizing Charles E. Shipp,
Laser Prints Plus		 Providing training and user support in a world of cost-cutting and downsizing requires clear odds ratio, quality control 6
64 User Training & Support ANSWERS TO COMMONLY ASKED STATISTICS QUESTIONS June 1995 Edition Mike Stockstill 19
65 User Training & Support Introducing the Sample Ubrary File Contribution Server Richard D. Langston This paper discusses the repository of user-contributed SAS'" applications software that will reside on an FTP file server accessible Via Internet This paper describes the various tools that allow for uploading and downloading SAS macro code, SAS programs, and SASITOOLKIT'" modules data cleaning, sample 6
66 Using Code that Writes Code to Generate External Flat Files Jane Mudano The creation of external flat files from existing sASI data libraries can be simplified by instructing the SAS System to write the necessary oode for you. If external flat file structure specifications (desired file name, column placement, and variable formats) are available in, or can be oonverted to, ASCII format, a SAS program can read in the specifications and construct a seoond SAS program containing the statements for creating the extemal files. This method of data conversion reduces the possibility of coding errors when assigning column placement or variable formats. It also eliminates the need for code modification in response to changes in file structure specHications. The data conversion process may be validated by using the same speCifications file to create a companion program which writes SAS code containing the appropriate INPUT statements for reading the flat files and recreating the original data library flat file, dataset 5
67 Using Dictionary Tables to Create Meaningful Titles Frank C. Dilorio "The $AS System" is not what anyone would consider a descrip tive default title for SAS output. This paper briefly describes a macro that creates more meaningful tiUes. It uses information from the dictionary tables and, optionaUy, user-supplied tiUes. The paper presents the macro source as well as examples of its usage proc print, dictionary tables, proc sql, proc step, proc freq 5
68 Using PROC EXPAND with Time Series Data Andrew H. Karp proc step, proc freq, dataset, missing value, time series analysis, sysdate9, datetime variable 4
69 Using SAS to Auto-code Occupation and Industry Fields Gail Wisan In survey research, a typical question asked of respondents concerns their occupation and industry. Traditionally, coding has been approached as an effort performed one at a time: each respondent's occupation and industry coded separately. While at first glance this may appear to be the best approach to quality control, it can be argued that in a world of limited resources the quality approach to coding will involve automating the coding process. This paper discusses how SAS can and has been used to help automate the process of coding quality control, proc step, proc freq, character functions, index, data step 6
70 Using SAS to Re-Engineer A Tax Department Kenneth L. Currier dataset, proc step 10
71 Using SLIST Catalog Entries to Store FRAME Entry Object Information Randy C. Finch FRAME enlries ate powerful for application development, offerfng an object-odenlBd interactive envtronment to the programmer. For some applications. a way of storing and tetrieving FRAME object attributes Is needed. SCL lists and SUST enbie$ _ convenient for this~. This article describes how SUST entries can be used for storfng and retrieving object infonnation from a pennanent user catalog as well as for synchronizing object infonnation with multi. page catalog oulput such as GRSEG entries response variable, catalog, predictor variable 5
72 Utilizing Clinical SAS Report Templates Sunil Kumar Gupta SAS programmers often have the responsibility of supporting the reporting needs of the Clinical Affairs Department of PhannaceutiW Companies. This involves generating a variety of reports to fu1fiJl the regulatoJy requirements of the clinical investigation of the medical device. By establishing clinical reporting templates for each of the fimctional aspects of Clinical Data Management, the SAS programmer can dramatically improve the efficiency of developing and generating reports. Examples' of these functional reports include patient listings, patient x-ray logs, monitor site visits, monthly status reports, & reports necessary for pre market approval application. Each type of report requires different layouts due to the different sample, sas programmer, proc step, proc report, macro variable 5
73 Utilizing VMS Directory Information Through SAS: Finding SAS Datasets and Catalogs Without Knowing Where to Look Shari Forvendel Utilizing VMS Directory Information Through SAS Finding SAS Datasets and Catalogs Without Knowing Where to Look Shari Forvendel Pharmaceutical Product Development. Inc .* Morrisville, NC macro loop, macro variable, macro put, %if-%then-%else, proc step 5
74 What Price Multitasking? Optimizing OS/2 with an Eye Toward SAS Software John M. Martz Power demands its price. As the most powerful computer peratlng system for the Intel platform, OS/2 exacts its due through complex system setup and optimiZation. While the novice user might feel overtaxed, often major performance gains can be achieY"l with minimal investment of time and effort. The current work provides insight into getting the most out of OS/2 by furnishing suggestions on installation, configuration, and maintenance, including - but not 6mited to - a brief discussion of formatting and layout of the hard drive, edlti1g \he CONFlG.SYS file, setting up work areas, and maintaining INI files batch job, sas batch 6
75 Working with SAS Date and Time Functions Andrew H. Karp sysdate9, date variable, datetime variable, numeric variable, time variable, proc freq, proc step, raw data, time series analysis, dataset, datepart, mdy, time 5
76 Writing a Data Parser Using the SAS System Andrew T. Kuligowski Most SAS users have been assigned a task in which they need to read in data from an external source in order to process it with the tools available under the SAS System. Usually, the format for the data is documented and accompanies the dataset or file to be processed. On occasion, however, a challenge arises. The data exists on electronic means, but it is intermingled with unnecessary clutter - for example, it is contained in an electronic copy of a paper report This paper will discuss the principles of using the SAS System to parse a file to extract useful data from a normally unusable source. This will be accomplished by citing examples of unusual data sources and the SAS Code used to parse it input statement, sas log, proc step 6

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